TEAM AND

TEAMWOR
K
PRESENTED BY GROUP
5
OBJECTIV
ES
After completing this unit, you will be able to:
• Define team and team work;
• Describe high performing teams;
• Explain activities carried out by teams;
• Elucidate the barriers to effective teamwork; and
• Analyze the ways of enhancing teamwork.
 TEA
M• Team can be explained as cumulative
effort of a number of individuals. It is
different from a group in number of
ways.
• A team is more effective in problem
solving, decision making and
achievement of organisational goals
as compared to an individual.

03
2 CATEGORIES
• Family group- Family group is
a permanent team consisting
of a superior and several
subordinates
• Special group- special group is
a temporary team constituted
to tackle specific tasks, as for
example ad hoc committees
and newly formed groups.
02
A TEAM CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM A GROUP. A
GROUP IS TWO OR MORE PEOPLE WHO REGULARLY
INTERACT AND INFLUENCE EACH OTHER;
HOWEVER, MEMBERS OF A GROUP SEE
THEMSELVES AS INDIVIDUAL ENTITY AND PRODUCE
INDIVIDUAL OUTPUT. A TEAM IS A TYPE OF GROUP
WITH A COMMON OBJECTIVE, WHOSE COLLECTIVE
AND COORDINATED EFFORTS RESULT IN A COMMON
OUTPUT. A TEAM MAY BE DESCRIBED AS A GROUP
BUT NOT EVERY GROUP CAN BE DESCRIBED AS A
TEAM.
 STAGES OF
TEAM
A DEVELOPME
team goes through various

NT
stages of development which
can be categorised in to four
main headings namely,
(i) forming,
(ii) storming,
(iii) norming and
(iv) performing.
 FORMING
• Once the team has been put
together, the members may
know or may not know each
other. At this stage the
members interact and get to
know each other better
• Once the members get to
know each other better, they
discuss about the team tasks
and goals
05
 STORMING
• As the name suggests this
stage is that of discussion and
arguments about the team
goal and making plans to
achieve it.
• It is extremely important for
the leader to coordinate
amongst the members and
manage the team members
during this stage as it is most
crucial for efficient
performance of the team.
NORMING
• At this stage to some extent,
balance prevails after the
stage of storming. Now the
team is in position to work
together.
• The team is now ready to
collectively work towards
achievement of the goal.
PERFORMING
• At this stage the team is
ready to deal with complex
challenges and achieve the
team goal.
 TYPES OF
TEAM
As per the needs of the
organizations various
types of teams can be
employed. Some of these
types include
(i) problem solving team
(ii) cross functional team
(iii) Self managing team
(iv) virtual team.
 PROBLEM
SOLVING
TEAMS
As the name suggests
the main purpose of
this team is focusing
on the problem and
coming up with a
suitable solution.
CROSS- FUNCTIONAL
TEAMS
The speciality of this type of team
is that it consists of members
representing different departments
or units in the organisation. For
example this type of team may
consist of managers from different
departments in the organisations
like finance, human resource,
production etc.
 SELF
MANAGING
TEAMS
The team is
empowered to carry
out their activities,
implement decisions
and evaluate results
on their own.
 VIRTUAL
TEAMS
This type of teams not
only saves time but
also expenses of
travelling from
different places.
However members
should be well trained
in using computers.
 TEAM • Advising

ACTIVITIES •
•
Innovating
Promoting
• Developing
• Organizing
• Producing
• Inspecting
• Maintaining
• Linking
 CREATING HIGH
PERFORMING
Frequently TEAM
high performing teams comprise of
people with diverse skills and engage highly in
lateral and creative thinking. In order to develop
high performing teams in organisations following
measures can be adopted.
• Setting high performance standards
• The first team meeting
• Creating a sense of urgency
• Select members with right skill
• Establishing clear rules and norms for team
behavior
 CREATING HIGH
PERFORMING
Frequently TEAM
high performing teams comprise of
people with diverse skills and engage highly in
lateral and creative thinking. In order to develop
high performing teams in organisations following
measures can be
• Ensure adopted.
that the team meets regularly
• Providing training
• Provide support
• Give positive feedback
• Reward high performance
TEAM
WORK
Team work occurs when the
members of a team work
together and utilise their
individual skills to achieve a
common goal. In this process the
team members also support
each other and contribute
collectively to the task and
achievement of the goals.
 TEAM
• WORK
The goal assigned to the team has to be clear and
specific. If the goal is vague then it is not possible for
the team members to work collectively towards
achieving it.
• Suitable planning is to be carried out about the way goal
will be achieved and the steps involved and all the team
members should be made aware about the plan.
Smooth and open communication amongst the team
members will enhance the team work and facilitate
achievement of team goal.
 PROBLEMS
AFFECTING TEAM
WORK
The problems affecting teams
can be broadly classified in to six
categories, namely,
(i) goals,
(ii) team members,
(iii) norms,
(iv) decision making,
(v) leadership and
(vi) size
 THE PROBLEMS LISTED BELOW CAN BE
CATEGORISED UNDER ONE OR MORE OF THE
ABOVE SIX BROAD CATEGORIES.
Changing Composition
• Change in compositions of the team like transfers,
changes, additions of members can affect the
functioning of the team.
• If the composition of team changes frequently, new
members are added or old members are transferred,
the cohesiveness amongst the team members will be
hampered leading to disruption in functioning of the
team and delay in the achievement of team goal.
Interpersonal relationship among members:

• Problems can occur amongst team members if they

lack suitable positive interpersonal relationship with
each other.
• Team members in conflict with each other are not only
going to negatively impact the team cohesiveness but
will also change the team focus to the conflict rather
than the task
Communication barriers:

• Lack of open and smooth communication between

the team members can interfere with the
achievement of the team goals. Communication
barriers can also occur due to language and cultural
differences amongst the members.
Social loafing:

• Social loafing occurs when certain member of a team

does not put in his/her best, thus affecting team
activity and team morale at the same time. The
team members might feel that the tasks in a team
are not equally divided.
 Inappropriate leadership style/ ineffective
leader:

• A leader plays an extremely important role in any

team as he/ she is the person who carries out the
planning and coordinates amongst the team
members
• Thus an ineffective leader or an inappropriate
leadership style will interfere with the effective
performance of the team.
Large size of the team:

• If the size of the team is very big it would be difficult

for the team members to coordinate and
communicate with each other leading to chaos.
• Thus depending on the task, a suitable size for the
team needs to be decided which preferably should
be below 12.
Role ambiguity:
• If the team members are not clear about the role
they play in the team, then it would not be possible
for them to function effectively.
Lack of trust
• Lack of trust amongst members will avoid them
from sharing information and knowledge with
each other and negatively impact their
functioning.
Domination by one or more members:
• Domination by one or members will lead to lowering
of morale and motivation amongst other team
members as they might feel that their suggestion
and view points have not been considered.
Lack of motivation:
• Lack of motivation on part of the team members will
disrupt the performance of the team members
• Thus the motivation of the team members should be
boosted by regular feedbacks rewards etc.
Disagreement over team’s purpose and
tasks:
• Arguments and disagreements amongst
team members over the team goals and the
direction of functioning can gravely impair its
functioning. This can be minimized by
adopting effective strategies of group
discussions by the team leader and
members.
 ENHANCING
TEAM WORK

08
• SIZE
• SKILLS
• BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF
THE TEAM MEMBERS
• OPEN COMMUNICATION
• GOALS
• SHARED LEADERSHIP
• DECISIONS/ SOLUTIONS
BASED ON CONSENSUS
• SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
• STRESS MANAGEMENT
• TRAINING
 TEAM
INTERVENTIO
N
STRATEGIES
 ROLE ANALYSIS
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks:
TECHNIQUES
•over
This technique
the team
[RAT]
Arguments and disagreements amongst team members
is direction
goals and the mainlyofused to
functioning
can gravely impair its functioning. This can be
clarify the role obligations of
minimized by adopting effective strategies of group

each team member,

discussions by the team leader and members.
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks: Arguments and
understanding expectations of
disagreements amongst team members over the team goals
and the direction of functioning can gravely impair its
team members.
functioning. This can be minimized by adopting effective
strategies of group discussions by the team leader and
members.
 FAMILY GROUP
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks: Arguments
andDIAGNOSTIC
• The purpose
disagreements ofMEETING
amongst thismembers
team is to over
identify
the team
goals and the direction of functioning can gravely impair its
team’s problems, but not to solve
functioning. This can be minimized by adopting effective
strategies of group discussions by the team leader and
them. The meeting is normally
members.
scheduled away from the work
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks: Arguments and
disagreements amongst team members over the team goals and
situation.
the direction of functioning can gravely impair its functioning. This
• This technique is mainly useful to
can be minimized by adopting effective strategies of group
discussions by the team leader and members.
find out the cause of any problem
and to come up with a
preliminary action plan.
 FAMILY GROUP TEAM
BUILDING MEETING
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks: Arguments
and disagreements amongst team members over the team
• It may last for 2-3 days. It
goals and the direction of functioning can gravely impair its
involves a series of meetings to
functioning. This can be minimized by adopting effective
strategies of group discussions by the team leader and
ensure that the intended changes
members.
Disagreement over team’s purpose and tasks: Arguments and
take place and remain stable
disagreements amongst team members over the team goals and
overtime and can be used with
the direction of functioning can gravely impair its functioning. This
can be minimized by adopting effective strategies of group
both family and special groups. It
discussions by the team leader and members.
is useful to ensure stability of a
group, improve effectiveness and
maintain the team cohesiveness.
THANK
YOU