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DBMS2

DBMS2

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3 views

DBMS2

DBMS2

Uploaded by

shafna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS

SUBJECT: NORMALISATION
First Normal Form (1NF)

 A relation will be 1NF if it contains an atomic value.

 It states that an attribute of a table cannot hold multiple


values. It must hold only single-valued attribute.

 First normal form disallows the multi-valued attribute,


composite attribute, and their combinations.
Second Normal Form (2NF)

 In the 2NF, relational must be in 1NF.

 In the second normal form, all non-key attributes are


fully functional dependent on the primary key
Third Normal Form (3NF)

 A relation will be in 3NF if it is in 2NF and not contain any transitive


partial dependency.

 3NF is used to reduce the data duplication. It is also used to achieve the
data integrity.

 If there is no transitive dependency for non-prime attributes, then the


relation must be in third normal form.

 A relation is in third normal form if it holds atleast one of the following


conditions for every non-trivial function dependency X → Y.
 X is a super key.
 Y is a prime attribute, i.e., each element of Y is part of some candidate key.
Boyce Codd normal form (BCNF)

 BCNF is the advance version of 3NF. It is stricter than


3NF.
 A table is in BCNF if every functional dependency

X → Y, X is the super key of the table.

 For BCNF, the table should be in 3NF, and for every


FD, LHS is super key.
Fourth normal form (4NF)

 A relation will be in 4NF if it is in Boyce Codd normal


form and has no multi-valued dependency.

 For a dependency A → B, if for a single value of A,


multiple values of B exists, then the relation will be a
multi-valued dependency.
Fifth normal form (5NF)

 A relation is in 5NF if it is in 4NF and not contains any


join dependency and joining should be lossless.
 5NF is satisfied when all the tables are broken into as

many tables as possible in order to avoid redundancy.


 5NF is also known as Project-join normal form

(PJ/NF).

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