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CE131P Lec1 Introduction

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3 views

CE131P Lec1 Introduction

Uploaded by

Omar Pilar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURAL

ANALYSIS
Lecture1 Introduction
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, students will be
able to:

• Define Structural Analysis.


• Know the historical background of
structural analysis.
• Visualize the phases of a typical structural
engineering project.
Structural Analysis
- the prediction of the
performance of a given
structure under prescribed loads
and/or other external effects,
such as support movement and
temperature changes.
Common Performance
Characteristics in Design of
Structures:
(1)Stresses or Stress Resultant
- axial forces, shear forces,
bending moments
(2) Deflections
(3) Support Reactions
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

- Dawn of History : structures were


designed by trial and error using rule
of thumb based on past experience

- Mid 17th Century : engineers began


applying Mechanics (Math and
Science) in designing structures
Some of the Magnificent
Structures from Earlier Eras
Still Existing

- Egyptian Pyramids (about 300 BC)


- Greek Temples (500 – 200 BC)
- Roman Coliseum and Aqueducts
(200BC – AD200)
- Gothic Cathedrals (AD100 – 1500)
MAGNIFICENT
STRUCTURES

Egyptian Parthenon Temple of Poseidon


Pyramids

Roman Coliseum Roman Aqueducts Gothic Cathedral


CONTRIBUTORS
Galileo Galilei
- considered as the originator of the theory of
structures
The book: Two New Sciences
-published in 1638, discussed the analysis on
the failure of simple structures including cantilever
beams and the approximate predictions on the
strength of beams
- ushered a new era of structural engineering
in which analytical principles of mechanics and
strength of materials would have major influence on
the design of structures
CONTRIBUTORS
17th Century
Robert Hooke (1635-1730)
- developed the law of linear relationship
between the force and the deformation of materials
(Hooke’s Law)

Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)


- formulated the laws of motion and
developed calculus (foundational mechanics)
CONTRIBUTORS
John Bernoulli (1667 – 1748)
- formulated the principle of virtual work

Leonhard Euler ( 1707-1783)


- developed the theory of buckling columns

Charles Agustin de Coulomb (1736-1806)


- presented the analysis of elastic bending of
beams
CONTRIBUTORS
18th Century
Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier (1785-1836)
- published a treatise on elastic behavior of
structures (1st textbook on modern theory of
strength of materials) in 1826.

B.P. Clapeyron (1799 – 1864)


- formulated the three-moment equation for
the analysis of continuous beams
CONTRIBUTORS
19th Century
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
- presented the method of consistent
deformations and the law of reciprocal deflections

Otto Mohr (1835 – 1918)


- developed the conjugate beam method for
calculation of deflection and Mohr’s circle of stress
and strain
CONTRIBUTORS
Alberto Castigliano (1847 – 1884)
- formulated the theorem of least work

C.E. Greene (1842 – 1903)


- developed the area moment method

Heinrich Muller-Breslau (1851 – 1925)


- presented a principle for constructing an
influence line
CONTRIBUTORS
George A. Maney (1888 -1947)
- developed the slope deflection method (the
precursor of matrix stiffness method)

Hardy Cross (1885 – 1959)


- developed the moment distribution method in
1924 (most widely used by structural engineers between
1930 to 1970)
- provided significant understanding on the
behavior of statically indeterminate frames
- design of high rise buildings and other huge
structures would not have been possible without the
moment distribution method of analysis
1950’s
-development of the
revolutionized structural analysis using
computers
- computers could solve large
systems of simultaneous equations
that was usually performed in weeks
but now in seconds
Contributors on the current computer
method on structural analysis:

- J.H. Argyris - R.K. Livesley


- R.W. Clough - H.C. Martin
- S. Kelsey - M.T. Turner
- E.L. Wilson - O.C.
Zienkiewicz
Structural Engineering
- the science and art of planning, designing
and constructing safe and economical structures
that will serve their intended purposes

Note: Structural Analysis is an integral part of


any structural engineering project, its function
being the prediction of the performance of the
proposed structure.
PHASE OF A TYPICAL STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING PROJECT
PLANNING PHASE

PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL
DESIGN

ESTIMATION OF LOADS

STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS

Are the
safety and Revise
N
serviceabil Structural
O
ity Design
satisfied?

YES

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

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