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Lesson 2.4–the Empirical Rule and Assessing Normality

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66 views

Lesson 2.4–the Empirical Rule and Assessing Normality

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stwombly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 2.

4–The
Empirical Rule and
Assessing Normality
Unit 2: Modeling One-Variable Statistics
Warm-up
Sick days used for employees at a
company from 0 to 10 days are
uniformly distributed as shown in
the density curve below. Find the
area under the density curve from
0 to 7.
Learning Targets
1. I can use the empirical rule to estimate the proportion of
values in a specified interval in a normal distribution.

2. I can use the empirical rule to estimate the value that


corresponds to a given percentile in a normal
distribution.

3. I can use graphical and numerical evidence to determine


if a distribution of quantitative data is approximately
normal.
Do You Have 5 Seconds?
In the stopwatch task from the previous lesson, you tried
to stop as close to 5 seconds as possible. Last year the
distribution of times for this task was approximately
normal, with a mean of 5.02 seconds and a standard
deviation (SD) of 0.10 seconds.
1. Label the values that are 1, 2, and 3 standard
deviations away from the mean.
0 SD

-1 1 SD
SD

-2 2 SD
SD
-3 3 SD
SD

4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3


2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Do You Have 5 Seconds?
2. What value is 1 SD below the mean? 4.9
What value is 1 SD above the mean? 2
5.1
Estimate the percent of values within 12SD of the mean.
3. What value is 2 SD below the mean? 4.8
What value is 2 SD above the mean? 2
5.2
Estimate the percent of values within 2 2SD of the mean.
4. What value is 3 SD below the mean? 4.7
What value is 3 SD above the mean? 2
5.3
Estimate the percent of values within 3 2SD of the mean.
Do You Have 5 Seconds?
5. Use the “Normal Distributions” applet to find:

Actual percent of values within 1 SD of the mean.


68.27
%
Actual percent of values within 2 SD of the mean.
95.45
Actual percent of values within
% 3 SD of the mean.
99.73
%
The Empirical Rule states that
95% within 2
68% of data in a normal distribution
SD
is within 1 SD of the mean.
99.7% within 3
Do You Have 5 Seconds?
Using the empirical rule:
6. What percent of the stopwatch times are less than 4.82
seconds?
𝟏𝟎𝟎 %−𝟗𝟓%=𝟓% 𝟓 % ÷ 𝟐=𝟐 .𝟓 %
7. What proportion of the stopwatch times are between
4.92 and 5.22 seconds?𝟗𝟓% −𝟔𝟖%=𝟐𝟕 %
𝟐𝟕% ÷𝟐=𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 % 𝟔𝟖%+𝟏𝟑.𝟓%=𝟖𝟏.𝟓%
8. What stopwatch time is at the 84th percentile of the
distribution? 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %−𝟔𝟖%=𝟑𝟐%
𝟑𝟐% ÷𝟐=𝟏𝟔 % 𝟔𝟖%+𝟏𝟔%=𝟖𝟒%
Lesson 2.4-The Empirical Rule and Assessing
Normality
QuickNotes
Lesson App 2.4-How big is your fridge?
These measurements describe the usable capacity (in cubic feet) of a
sample of 36 side-by-side refrigerators.

1. Make a histogram of the data. Describe the shape of the distribution.


Lesson App 2.4-How big is your fridge?

2. Use the summary statistics to calculate the percent of data values


within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean. How closely do
the results match the empirical rule?

3. Based on your answers to questions 1 and 2, is the distribution of


usable capacity for these refrigerators approximately normal?
Explain your answer.
Lesson App 2.4-How big is your fridge?
For Questions 4 and 5, assume that the population distribution of usable
capacity in side-by-side refrigerators is approximately normal with mean
cubic feet and standard deviation cubic feet.

4. About what proportion of side-by-side refrigerators have a usable


capacity between 13.6 and 19.6 cubic feet? Justify your answer.

5. Find and interpret the 16th percentile of this distribution.

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