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1. Intro of Integumentary System

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19 views36 pages

1. Intro of Integumentary System

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sk3180833641
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

“The integumentary sytem is the organ


system consisting of skin & its associated
structures such as , the hair , nails and
glands.”

The word integument means “cover”.

“Integument” refers to the outer membrane


of the body.
In humans , Integumentary system accounts

for about 12 to 15 % of total body weight.

It distinguishes , separates & protects

the organism from its surroundings.


Components of Integumentary System
 Following are the main
components of
integumentary system :
Hairy Skin
1. Skin.
2. Hair.
3. Nails.
4. Glands.
Nails
“SKIN”
Skin is the “soft outer covering of
vertebrates.”

It is the largest organ of the body, made up of


multiple layers of ectodermal tissue.

Guards the underlying muscles, bones,


ligaments & internal organs.

It weighs about 10 pounds & has a surface


area of almost 15 to 20 sq. feet normally.
Layers of Skin
The human skin is composed of 3 major layers:

1. Epidermis (outermost layer).

2. Dermis.

3. Hypodermis (deepest layer).


Skin and its layers
Skin has pigmentation, “melanin” ,
provided by melanocytes, which absorbs
some of the potentially dangerous
radiations in sunlight.

It also contains DNA


repair enzymes which
reverse UV damage.
EPIDERMIS
•Epidermis is the top layer of
skin, made up of epithelial cells.
•It consists of a keratinized
squamous epithelium comprising
of four types of cells:
•Keratinocytes,Melanocytes,Merk
el cells, & Langerhans's cells.
•It contains no blood vessels, & is
nourished by diffusion from the
dermis.
The epidermis can be further divided into
the following strata:

1. Stratum Corneum.

2. Stratum Lucidum.

3. Stratum Granulosum.

4. Stratum Spinosum.

5. Stratum Basale.
• Functions of Epidermis:-
1. Epidermis forms a protective barrier
over the body’s surface.

2. It is responsible for preventing


pathogens from entering in the body.

3. It also helps the skin to regulate body


temperature.
DERMIS

The dermis is the middle layer of skin,


composed of dense irregular connective
tissue & areolar connective tissue (such as
collagen).

The dermis has two layers which serve to


give elasticity to the integument.
One is the papillary layer which
is the superficial layer & consists
of the areolar connective tissue.

The other is the reticular layer


which is the deep layer of the
dermis & consists of the dense
irregular connective tissue.
Dermis and its layers
• Functions of Dermis:-

1. The dermal layer provides a site for the


endings of blood vessels & nerves.

2. It provides strength & elasticity to the


skin.

3. Many chromatophores are also stored in


this layer.
HYPODERMIS
The hypodermis is basically not a layer of
skin.

It lies below the dermis of skin. It is also


called as sub-cutaneous tissue.

It invaginates into the dermis & consists of


loose connective tissue & elastin.

It is essentially composed of adipocytes


which are grouped together in lobules.
• Functions of Hypodermis:-

1. Its purpose is to attach the skin to


underlying bone & muscle.

2. It also supplies the skin with blood


vessels & nerves.
Functions of Skin
1. Protection: It acts as an anatomical
barrier from pathogens,chemicals & UV
radiations,etc.

2. Thermoregulation: Skin plays a great


role in vasodilation & vasoconstriction.

3. Evaporation: The skin provides a


relatively dry & semi-impermeable
barrier to fluid loss.
4. Storage: It acts as a storage centre for
lipids & water.

5. Water resistance: The skin acts as a water


resistant barrier, so that essential nutrients
aren’t washed out of the body.
“HAIR”
Hair is an accessory organ of the skin
made of columns of tightly packed, dead
keratinocytes, found in most regions of the
body.

The structure of hair can be broken down


into 3 major parts:

The Follicle, Root & Shaft.


1. Follicle:
Hair follicle is a depression of epidermal
cells deep into the skin. It is a
pouch-like tube in appearance.
2. Root:
Root is the portion of hair in the follicle
below the skin’s surface where the
growth of hair begins through
multiplication of cells.
3. Shaft:
Shaft is that portion of the hair which
is present outside the skin. i.e., visible
portion of the hair.
• Functions:-

1. Protection: Hair helps to protect the body


from UV radiations.

2. Insulation: Hair also insulates the body by


trapping warm air around the skin.
“NAILS”
Nails are accessory organs of the skin, made
of sheets of hardened keratinocytes.

These are found on the distal ends of the


fingers & toes.
Growth of nails is 1 mm per week on
average.

The structure of nail is divided into the


following specific parts:
Nail Root:
This portion of the nail is actually beneath
the skin & extends several millimeters into
the fingers.
Nail Bed:
Nail bed is a part of nail matrix. It contains
blood vessels, nerves & melanocytes.
Nail Plate:
Nail plate is the actual finger nail, made up
of translucent keratin.
Lunula:
The lunula is the cresent-shape area at the
base of the nail.
Different views of Nails
• Function:-

1. Nail serves as a protective plate as it


protects the censors in our fingers &
toes.

2. The nail acts as a counterforce to the


fingertip providing even more sensory
input when an object is touched.
GLANDS PRESENT
IN
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
1. Sudoriferous Glands
 Sudoriferous glands are the exocrine glands

found in the dermis of skin.


They are commonly known as ‘sweat glands’.

They are of two types:

- Eccrine & Apocrine.

 They are important in

maintaining body
temperature.
2. Sebaceous Glands
Sabaceous glands are also the exocrine
glands found in the dermis of skin.
They produce an oily secretion known as
“sebum”.

They help to inhibit bacteria,


keep us waterproof & prevent
our hair and skin from drying.
3. Ceruminous Glands
Ceruminous glands are the special exocrine

glands found only in the dermis of ear canal.

They produce cerumen (ear wax) which keeps the

outer surface of the ear drum pliable & prevents

drying.
Functions of Integumentary System
- Protects the body’s internal living tissues &
organs.
- Protects the body from dehydration.
- Maintains homeostasis.
- Helps excrete waste materials through
perspiration.
- Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain,
heat and cold.
- Generates vitamin D through exposure to light.
- Stores water, fat and glucose.
- Formation of new cells from stratum basale to
repair minor injuries.
Coordination with other Systems of body
 Our body is a complicated system that
consists of many subsystems.

 The integumentary system works with other


systems of our body to make them function
properly.

 The skin is one of the first defense


mechanisms in our immune system.

 By helping to synthesize & absorb vitamin D,


the integumentary system works with the
digestive system to encourage the uptake of
- The skin plays a vital role as regards the
sense of touch. The nervous system depends
on neurons embedded in our skin to sense the
outside world.

- The integumentary system also contributes to


numerous physiological processes, especially
those involved in the regulation of the body’s
internal environment.
Thank You

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