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Research method chapter 2

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35 views18 pages

Research method chapter 2

Uploaded by

yonasamare126
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

The way to write a project and research proposal


HOW TO WRITE A PROJECT
PROPOSAL

• All sentence must be in future tense


• Project proposals are documents designed to present a plan of
action
• Outline the reasons why the action is necessary
• Convince the reader to agree with and approve the
implementation of the actions recommended
Significance
• The purpose of a project proposal is to determine if a
proposed project is
– Feasible
– Practical
– Worth pursuing.
• It is usually prepared for people who are not familiar
with either your organization or your project.
• The project plan will give the reader all the
information needed about you and the activity you
have in mind.
Contents of a project proposal
1. Title (1 page)
• The title of the project is very significant and should be
includes:
 The title of your proposed research
 Your name and institutional affiliation
 Type of degree to be awarded (BSc., MSc. or PHd.)
 Advisor’s Name
 The date
2. Short summary (one or two paragraphes - 1 page)
The abstract should summarize:
 The importance of the proposed research
 Your research question and objectives
 Your methods
 Expected results
Cont.…
 Generally, the abstract shouldn’t exceed one page, and may
often be less than that
 It should provide the most basic description of the proposed
research in only a few sentences
3. Introduction (WHAT is this about?) (2 pages)
The background provides some general theoretical basis or justification for
conducting research and focuses on:
 What are the goals of study
 What does the general situation in the study
 That is the background of the problem gives a measure of its magnitude (how wide
& important)
 Provides a general introduction to the phenomena or issue of interest
 The issue or problem under investigation is described, and background and/or
context for understanding the nature of the issue is provided
 Answers to two main questions:
• What is the project all about?
Cont.…
4. Statement of the problem(1 page)
– A clear, concise statement of the problem to be solved by the proposed
research or project, usually in one to three sentences.
– Justifications and explanations belong in the "background" section.
5. Objectives (approx. 1 to 5 bulleted sentences)
– A concise statement identifying the purpose or products of the research.
The objective(s) should be phrased in positive terms (e.g., to develop, to
determine, to measure, rather than broad generalities, such as, to
investigate, to study).
– Objectives could be stated in the form of general & specific objectives.
 General Objective
 It should describe the kind of knowledge the study is expected to obtain.
 It should give a clear notion of what is to be described, determined, identified and
compared in relation to the hypothesis
 Specific Objectives
 Are the preliminary views of the research design
Cont.….
6. Background of the problem(2 pages)
– A statement indicating the researcher's understanding of the
underlying principles involved and supporting the approach
being taken.
– This section should be written so that a person with a
technical background, not necessarily in the subject being
researched, can understand it.
– It should define key terms, such as, processes, equipment so
the reader quickly grasps the picture.
– Images are often very helpful in this process. This section
should explain the options for approaching and solving the
problem, then explain which approach will be taken in the
project and why.
Cont.….
7. Delimitation of the research/study (2 or 3 statements)
 Your research proposal should indicate that the study is delimited both in scope and depth to
manageable size including tangible reasons
 It is the boundaries of the study or the conclusion of your study
8. Literature review(optional) (2 or 3 pages)
 After identifying a problem to be researched, detail survey of what has
been done in the area is important
 This section revises the literature to see the gap between your research
or project and things that have been done
 The R literature involves the systematic identification, location and
analysis of documents containing information related to the research
problem
 These documents can include articles, abstracts, reviews , books, other
research reports and electronic media efforts
 It helps to explore, interpret and discuss what has been done
(researched and documented in previous works) and what needs to be
Cont.….
9. Methodology(2 to 5 pages)
 The Methodology section should describe what you plan to do, how you
plan to do it, and what equipment and techniques you plan to use both to
gather and later analyze information
 The methodology section should be very specific, containing all of the
details you are able to provide on how you will conduct specific research
activities
 The plan or approach intended to be used
 Should be fully described and specify in detail how the research project
will be structured and performed to meet each research objective.
 The methodology must identify major operational phases and relate these
phases to manpower requirements, time schedule and cost estimates.
 It may be helpful to break your methodology section down into the
following subsections
 Research design
 Measurement
 Data Collection
Cont.….
• Example: Methodology for Applied Research
(problem oriented)
– Principles or theories to be used in the solution.
– Possible solutions of problem.
– Critical experiments to test the applicability of the theory.
– The kind and range of variables to be tested.
– Criteria to be used for acceptance or rejection of possible
solutions.
– Experimental facilities available.
– Data analysis and statistical procedures.
Cont.….
Cont.….
• Proposed design
– It is a good idea to come up with a graphical design for your
methodology
– This section clearly shows the design with flowcharts
Video Clip Frame extract

Image resizing

No
RGB to Gray

Edge Detection
End of
Clip? Audio
database
Feature Extraction

Yes
Neural Networks

Store Recognized
Classified Sign alphabet
Cont.….
10. Expected outcome
– An explanation of how the proposal will address the needs shown in
the Statement of the Problem
– An explanation of the benefits that will be realized if the proposal is
accepted
– Clear information about WHO will benefit and HOW they will benefit
from the project or research proposal
Cont.….
11. Proposed time frame
– Presents the time required for each of the methodology mentioned.
12. Budget schedule
– The amount of budget required with details is presented in this section
13. References
– Books, Journals, the Internet could be included as reference which
have been surveyed to write the proposal
Proposed time frame
Budget schedule
Reference
1. Author Names
2. Reference title
3. Publisher(Journal)
4. Volume (number)
5. Page range
6. Year
Author\s
• E.g reference(APA format)
Yayneshet, T., Eik, L. O. & Moe, S. R. (2009).
Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and
dry matter degradability of enclosure forages in the
semi-arid region of northern Ethiopia. Animal Feed
Science and Technology, 148 (1): 12-33.

Title
Page range
Journal
Year
Volume
(number)

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