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71 views

SQL PPT

Uploaded by

supriyaallam9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO SQL

NAME : SUPRIYA ALLAM


EMAIL : [email protected]
GROUP 4
WHAT IS SQL?
DEFINITION: SQL (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE) IS A STANDARDIZED
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE USED FOR MANAGING AND MANIPULATING
RELATIONAL DATABASES.

•KEY FUNCTIONALITY: QUERY DATA FROM A DATABASE


•INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE RECORDS
•CREATE AND MODIFY DATABASE STRUCTURES (TABLES, VIEWS, ETC.)
SQL Commands Overview
•Data Query Language (DQL): SELECT
•Data Manipulation Language (DML): INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
•Data Definition Language (DDL): CREATE, ALTER, DROP
•Data Control Language (DCL): GRANT, REVOKE
BASIC SQL QUERY STRUCTURE

EXAMPLE OF A SELECT QUERY: SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = 5;

SELECT: Specifies which columns to retrieve (first_name, last_name)


FROM: Indicates the table(employees)
WHERE: Depatment_id 5;

Common SQL Clauses


• WHERE Clause: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary>50000;

• ORDER BY Clause: SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees ORDER BY last_name ASC;

• GROUP BY Clause: SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS employee_count FROM employees GROUP BY


department_id;

• HAVING Clause: SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary FROM employees GROUP BY


department_id HAVING AVG(salary) > 60000;
SQL JOINS
• INNER JOIN Example: SELECT employees.first_name, departments.department_name
FROM employees

INNER JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;

• LEFT JOIN Example: SELECT employees.first_name,


departments.department_name FROM employees

LEFT JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;


Aggregate Functions

• COUNT(): SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;


• SUM(): SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE
department_id = 5;
• AVG(): SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE
department_id = 5;
• MIN() and MAX(): SELECT MIN(salary), MAX(salary) FROM
employees;
Thank you!

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