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Renal System

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10 views

Renal System

Uploaded by

jawadcreatives
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renal system

RENAL SYSTEM

EXCRETION
~ removal of toxic waste
productions of
metabolism from the
body
WASTE
~ nitrogenous waste (urea
& ammonia), CO2, bile
pigment
RENAL SYSTEM

OSMOREGULATION
~ the process maintaining
constant osmotic
equilibrium between the
internal & external
environment of an
organism
Mammalian renal system I

KIDNEY
 paired organs in abdominal cavity
 held firmly by peritoneum
 embedded in fat
 solid, dark red & bean shape
 below stomach
 renal artery vs renal vein
Structure of kidney
Mammalian renal system II

URETERS
 narrow tubes
 passing urine from kidneys to bladder
 valves  prevent back flow of urine
 stop bacteria from going into
kidney
Diaphragm
Kidney

Ureter
Bladder

Urethra
Mammalian renal system III

URINARY BLADDER
 muscular bag
 stores urine temporarily
 300 cm3 of urine  sensation of urination
 contraction of bladder + relaxation of
sphincter muscle forces urine out
Mammalian renal system IV

URETHRA
 muscular tube
 carries URINE
A nephron unit
NEPHRON

Cortical nephron
~ in cortex, short Loop of Henle, osmoregulati
on under NORMAL condition
 Juxtamedullary nephron
~ at junction of cortex & medulla, long Loop o
f Henle, osmoregulation when SHORT OF WA
TER
Nephron
1,000,000 nephrons / kidney
 structural & functional units
 Glomerulus: knot of blood capillaries
 Bowman’s capsule
 Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of loop of Henle
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Functions of kidney
 Excretion
~ remove nitrogenous wa
ste i.e. urea, salts, water,
heat, toxic substance
 Osmoregulation
~ controlling amount of
water in body
~ maintain osmotic poten
tial
Urine Formation
 Pressure filtration (ultra
filtration)
 Reabsorption
 Tubular secretion
Ultrafiltration
Occur at Malpighian body (glomerulus and its
Bowman's capsule).
Glomerular filtrate: all substances in blood exc
ept RBCs & plasma protein
 Glomerular filtrate rate
180l/ day
Reabsorption

99% of the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed


matter reabsorbed:
 all glucose, amino acid
 mineral salts
 other useful substances
 SELECTIVE REABSORPTION
Method of reabsorption
diffusion  active transport
Sites of reabsorption

 Proximal convoluted tubule


~ major site of reabsorption (80%)
 Loop of Henle
Tubular secretion

Takes place in distal convoluted tubule


absorption of ammonia, potassium & drug
from capillary network & secrete them into
lumen of tubule
Regulation of urine composition

Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)
Aldosterone
Renin-angiotensin system
Disorders of the Urinary System
Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)
 Made of crystals of calcium
phosphate and uric acid
 Gradually they get larger until
they block ureters
 First symptom severe pain
 Other sym nausea and vomiting,
frequency, chills, fever,
hematuria
 Diagnosis by symptoms,
ultrasound, or x-ray
 Rx –increase fluids to flush out
stone, medications, and if needed
LITHOTRIPSY
Nephritis
 Inflammation of the
kidney
 Incontinence –
involuntary urination
Cystitis
 Inflammation of the mucous
membrane lining of the
urinary bladder
 Most common cause –
E.Coli
 Symptomatic- DYSUIA
(painful urination) and
frequency
 Usually in females
 Rx - antibiotics
Definitions

Enuresis Glycosuria Nocturia Polyuria

Bedwetting Sugar in Frequent Large


urine urination at amounts of
night urine
Pyuria Anuria Hematuria Diuretic

Pus in No urine Blood in Drug or


urine produced urine substance to
increase urine
production

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