Exploring the World of

Paint
From its humble beginnings to its sophisticated applications,
paint has played a vital role in shaping our world. This
presentation will delve into the fascinating history, science,
an
A Brush with History
Ancient Origins Evolution of Pigments

The earliest forms of paint were derived from Over time, new pigments were developed from
natural pigments like earth, charcoal, and various sources, including plants, animals, and
minerals. These early paints were used for cave synthetic materials. This allowed for a wider range
paintings, decorative art, and religious purposes. of colors and improved durability.
What is Paint Made of:

1 1. Binder 2 2. Pigment

The binder is a The pigment is a

substance that holds substance that
the pigments together provides the color and
and allows the paint to opacity of the paint.
adhere to the surface.

3 3. Solvent

The solvent is a liquid that helps to thin the paint and

make it easier to apply.
Tools used in Painting.
A painter's tools are an extension of their creative vision. Every brush, roller, and spatula is carefully selected for its unique
characteristics. Brushes are used for fine detail and blending, while rollers provide smooth, even coverage.

Choosing the right tools is essential for achieving the desired effect. Different brushes are ideal for different paint types. Synthetic brushes are great for acrylics.

Brush Type

The type of brush you choose will depend on the surface you're painting and the desired effect.

Roller Size

The size of the roller will determine the coverage area and the texture of the finished paint job.

Color Selection

Consider the color scheme, lighting, and the overall aesthetic of the space when choosing your paint colors.

PREPARATION BEFORE PAINTING.

1 Preparation is key! This includes cleaning, sanding, and priming the surface before applying paint.

2 Proper application involves using the right tools and techniques to achieve a smooth, even coat of paint.

3 Finally, allow the paint to dry completely before applying a second coat or using the painted surface.
3 Main Components of Color

Hue

Hue refers to the pure color, such as red, blue, or green.

Saturation

Saturation describes the intensity or purity of a color.

Value

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.

Types of Color Schemes

Complementary Analogous Colors Triadic Colors Monochromatic

Colors Colors
Analogous colors are Triadic colors are evenly
Complementary colors next to each other on spaced on the color Monochromatic colors
are opposite each other the color wheel, wheel, offering visual use different shades of
on the color wheel, providing harmony. interest. the same hue, creating
creating high contrast. a cohesive look.
The Importance of Paint

Sustainability

1 Bio-based paints and low-VOC formulas are gaining popularity.

Innovation
2 Smart paints with self-cleaning, anti-graffiti, and color-changing
properties are being developed.

Accessibility
3 Paint application technologies are becoming more
user-friendly and accessible to everyone.
Types of Paint
Paints are categorized in nine groups:

1. Oil Paint
2. Acrylic Paint
3. Watercolor Paint
4. Spray Paint
5. Synthetic Paint
6. Emulsion Paint
7. Cellulose Paint
8. Varnishes
9. Special Paint
Types of Paint

Oil Paint Acrylic Paint Watercolor Paint Spray Paint

Oil paint is a traditional medium known for Acrylic paint is a versatile and water-based Watercolor paint is known for its Spray paint is a fast-drying and convenient
its rich, vibrant colors and slow drying paint that dries quickly. It is popular for its transparency and delicate nature. It allows option for various projects, from graffiti art
time. It is ideal for blending and layering, vibrant colors, ease of use, and its ability to for a wide range of effects, from soft to automotive detailing. It offers versatility
allowing for detailed and expressive works be used on various surfaces. washes to bold strokes, making it ideal for and allows for a range of creative
of art. creating ethereal and expressive art. applications.

Synthetic Paints Emulsion Paints

Synthetic paints are man-made and often offer superior durability and weather Emulsion paints are water-based and offer a smooth, matte finish. They are known for
resistance. They are available in a wide range of colors and finishes. their easy application and quick drying time, making them popular for interior
projects.

Cellulose Paint Varnishes

Cellulose paint is a type of latex paint that offers good adhesion and durability. It is Varnishes are clear coatings that protect and enhance the natural beauty of wood.
often used for exterior surfaces and is known for its resistance to fading. They add a layer of protection and can be used to create different finishes, from
glossy to matte.
Special Paints
Beyond traditional paints, there are specialized paints for various needs.
Special Paints

Metallic Paint Chalkboard Paint Glow-in-the-Dark Iridescent Paint

Paint
Adds a shimmery, Creates a writable Creates a shimmering,
reflective effect to surface that can be Offers a unique visual color-shifting effect that
surfaces. Popular for used for messages, effect that can be used changes with the angle
decorative accents and notes, and artwork. for decorative purposes of light.
car finishes. or for safety signs.
Painting Techniques
Painting techniques are like the language of art. Each stroke, layer, and texture tells a story, expressing the artist's vision.

Understanding different techniques unlocks a world of possibilities, from delicate washes to bold impasto strokes.

Layering Blending

Building depth and richness by applying thin layers of paint one on Creating smooth transitions between colors by gently mixing them
top of another. This technique allows for subtle transitions and together on the canvas. Blending can create a sense of harmony
creates a sense of depth in the artwork. and unity in the artwork.

Impasto Dry Brushing

Painting Defects
Even with the best techniques, painting defects can happen.

Understanding common defects helps troubleshoot and prevent them.

Painting Defects

Uneven Application Drips and Runs Wrinkling and Peeling Dull Finish

Uneven paint Drips and runs occur Wrinkling and peeling A dull finish can result
application can result in when paint flows can happen due to from insufficient drying
streaks, brush marks, unevenly, leaving improper drying time, improper
and inconsistent streaks or trails. conditions or cleaning, or using a low-
coverage. incompatibility between quality paint.
paint layers.
How to Prevent Painting Defects

Prepare the Surface

Clean and smooth the surface before painting. This ensures proper adhesion and prevents uneven coverage.

Use Quality Paint

Invest in high-quality paint formulated for the specific surface. This minimizes drips, runs, and inconsistent coverage.

Apply Thin Layers

Apply paint in thin, even coats, allowing each layer to dry completely before applying the next.

Proper Drying Time

Allow sufficient drying time between coats and before exposing the painted surface to moisture or high temperatures.

Clean Up

Clean up tools immediately after use, preventing paint from drying and causing defects.
CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS

Classification by Type of paints

Curing mechanism Baking or Air-dry

Solvent for the paint Water-based or solvent based

Function of system component Primer, sealer, undercoat, or finishing coat

Resin component Epoxy, alkyd, acryclic, etc..

CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
Paints can be classified under various factors that are:

ON THE BASIS OF BASED USED-

Oil Paints-utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed to thin layer of ai

Alkyd Paints-have a binder an alkyd resin,such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil.

LAtex paints-have a binder an acryclic resin that coalesces as water evaporates from emulsion.

Epoxy paints-have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased resistance to corrosion,abrasion and chemica
Wood Finishes
Wood finishes are protective coatings applied to wood surfaces.

They enhance the appearance of wood, protect it from

damage, and make it easier to clean.

Finishes can be applied in various ways, such as brushing,

spraying, or wiping.
Types of Finishes
• Finishes protect wood and enhance its beauty.
• Finishes can be clear, semi-transparent, or opaque.
• Types of finishes include oil-based, water-based, and solvent-based.
• Finishes come in different sheens: gloss, satin, semi-gloss, matte, and flat.
• The best finish depends on the type of wood, desired look, and environment.
Matt Paint
Matt paint is a type of paint with a non-reflective finish,
offering a soft, velvety appearance.

It is often used for interior walls and ceilings, providing a

clean and uncluttered look.

Matt paint is particularly effective in hiding imperfections on

the surface, creating a smooth and uniform finish.
Satin/Pearl Paint
Satin and pearl paints offer a balance between a flat and
glossy finish. They reflect light in a way that creates a soft,
luminous effect, giving the surface a subtle sheen and depth.

Satin/pearl paints are commonly used for trim, doors, and

furniture. They provide a durable and washable surface that
resists dirt and stains, but they are not as reflective as gloss
paints.
Eggshell Paint
Eggshell paint, a popular choice for interior walls, offers a
subtle sheen that's not quite flat but not glossy either.

This finish provides a soft, elegant look and can hide minor
imperfections in the wall surface.
Semi-Gloss and Gloss Paint
Semi-gloss and gloss paints have a shiny, reflective finish.

They are durable, washable, and often used for trim, doors, and furniture.
DEFECTS OF PAINTS

Blistering Cracking and peeling

Formation of small
Cissing Occurs if the paint had
Blending areas of swelling on the inadequate or thinning
Shrinkage or
surface caused by of the paint, inadequate
Discoloration of paint contraction of the new
painting in the direct surface preparation or
film due to pigment coating away from area
heat of the sun or from applying to bare wood
seeping to the surface which is contaminated
trapped to the surface primer, and hardening
from undercoats or gum by grease, oil or polish
or from corrosion. and fragility as the paint
from knots in timber. (particularly silicone
ages.
types).
Defects of Paints

Mildew Flaking
Efflorescence
Chalking
Occurs in moist humid Occurs when the paint
conditions (bathrooms, Formation of series of peels away from the Appearance of fine
kitchen, laundry rooms) open blisters in a paint surface due to a crack powder on the paint film
when using alkyd or oil- film due to soluble salts or joint in the film. It due to weathering
based paint or lower rising to the surface may be caused by use causing the resin to
quality of paint. from brick, plaster and of an unsuitable break down, or painting
cement ogjects. undercoat, or shrinkage/ over a porous surface.
expansion of the
surface.
PAINT COMPOSITION

Pigment Constituents Comments

lead white Basic lead carbonate Highly Poisonous

Yellow ochre Hydrated ferric oxide highly tolerant externally

Red ochre Ferric oxide Earth pigment

Cadmium yellow Cadium Sulphide Highly Poisonous

chrome red Basic lead chromate Highly Poisonous

Prussian Blue Ferric ferrocyande poisonous

Cobait Blue Cobait aluminate Poisonous

Zinc green Zinc chromate highly poisonous

Amber Clay without iron From ferric oxide

CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINTS
• It should possess a good spreading power i.e. Maximum area of the surface should be covered by
minimum quantity of the paint.
• The paint should be fairly cheap and economical.
• The paint should be such that it dries in reasonable time and not too rapidly.
• The paint should be such that its color is maintained for a long time.
• The paint should form a hard and durable surface.
• The paint should not affect the health of workers during its application
• The paint should not be affected by weathering actions of the atmosphere.
• The paint should possess attractive and pleasing appearance.
• The surface coated with paint should not show cracks when the paint dries.
• When applied on the surface, the paint should form a thin film of uniform nature.
ADVANTAGES
1. It protects the surface from weathering effects of the atmospheric and actions by other liquids, fumes and gase
2. It prevents decay of wood and corrosion in metal.
3. It is used to give good appearance to the surface. The decorative effects may be created by painting
and the surface becomes hygienically good, clean, colorful and attractive.

4. It provides a smooth surface for easy cleaning.

PROCESS OF PAINTING
SURFACE PREPARATION- Surface preparation is important because it directly affects the surface finish of the paint.

PRIMER COATING- It is essential, especially when the walls to be painted are stained, porous, have water damage or
when we are painting a light color over a dark color or vice versa. Primers help provide a smooth surface, making
the surface less adsorbent, thus increasing the spreading capacity of the paint. Using primer on the kitchen,
bathroom and exterior walls is especially important to aid in the prevention of mildew.
PUTTY COAT- Putties are generally used in the case of fresh painting or walls that required total overhauling just like
fresh walls, they may not be used for repainting touch up exercises. Wall putty should be applied to walls after first
primer coat has dried. It will fill in minor cracks and surface imperfections and provide a protective sub-layer for the
expensive paint. As per the requirement 1-2 coats of putty can be applied, but it is required to allow the previous
coat to dry before applying subsequent coat.
SECOND PRIMER COAT - Generally repainting services require a single coat of primer, but for fresh surfaces or the
surfaces that need considerable leveling and removal of undulations, two primer coats are required. Care must be
taken that the second primer coat be applied only after the previous putty coat has dried completely.

FINISH COAT-Generally two coats of finish coat are required to get the desired finish and color.it is important that
each coat must be completely dry before application of next one.
Motivation for today.
The world of paint is full of possibility and creative
expression. From the first cave paintings to modern
masterpieces, paint has been used to tell stories, evoke
emotions, and inspire awe.
The act of painting itself can be incredibly therapeutic and
transformative. It allows us to escape the confines of reality
and explore our inner world through color and form.
Thank You for Listening
We hope you found this presentation informative and inspiring.