Load

Estimation

1 Electrical Load estimation

 HELLO!
Nice to meet
you
I am Ahmed Magdy
Senior electrical design engineer
at Elsewedy Electric

→ Former Electrical design engineer at ECG.

→ Former Electrical design engineer at SHAKER.
→ Former Tender Specialist at Power Solutions.
→ Former Electrical design engineer and site
supervisor at EAe.

You can find me at:

Mobile: +201019204547
Email: [email protected]
2 Electrical Load estimation
Table of Contents

 Codes & Standards  Codes & Standards In details

 Egyptian Code
 Definitions
 Example Egyptian Code
 Importance of Electrical Load Estimation
 Saudi Code

 Load Estimation Stages  IEEE Std 241-1990

 NEC
 Description of customers' Loads
 BSRIA

 load classifications  Siemens Guide

 On Job Training of ECG

3 Electrical Load estimation

 Project
 Project data

 Working on AutoCAD and divide each floor into different applications

 Solve the Project , if the project in Egypt and any country follows NEC,
IEEE , BSRIA & Siemens Guide

 Preliminary load estimation

 Break down load estimation

 Solve the Project , if the project in Saudi according to DPS

 Preliminary load estimation

 Break down load estimation

 Hospitals

4 Electrical Load estimation

Codes & Standards

 Egyptian Code .

 Saudi electricity company ( Distribution planning

standard),(DPS).
 IEEE grey book Std 241-1990 ( Commercial

buildings Grey book ).

 NEC.

 BSRIA

5 Electrical Load estimation

 Siemens Guide

 On Job Training of ECG

6 Electrical Load estimation

 Definitions:

Customer:

o It is any entity that purchases electrical power from an electrical

Company.
o It is the owner of the building/facility supplied by power system.

o It's responsible for submitting the supply request to the

electrical utility.
Supply Request:

o It is the request applied by the customer to get electric power supply

from the electricity company .

7 Electrical Load estimation

connected load

o The sum of the continuous power ratings of all load-consuming

apparatus connected to an electric power distribution system or any

part thereof.

8 Electrical Load estimation

Maximum demand

o Maximum demand (often referred to as MD) is the largest current

normally carried by circuits, switches and protective devices. It does

not include the levels of current flowing under overload or short circuit
9 Electrical Load estimation
conditions.
Demand factor:

o The demand factor is defined as the ratio of the maximum

demand over the total connected loads of the system; which is

expressed mathematically as:

Demand factor =maximum demand load/total connected

loads.

10 Electrical Load estimation

Load Diversity:

o It is the difference between the sum of the maximum demands of

different parts of loads from the electrical system and the maximum

demand of this system due to the different timing times.

11 Electrical Load estimation

Coincidence factor:

o the ratio, expressed as a numerical value or as a percentage, of the

simultaneous maximum demand of a group of electrical appliances

or consumers within a specified period, to the sum of their individual

maximum demands within the same period. As per this definition,

the value is always > 1 .

12 Electrical Load estimation

Diversity factor (DF):

o it is the ratio of the total of individual demands over the maximum

demand
o the of a system.
reciprocal of the coincidence factor. It means it will always be <

1.

13 Electrical Load estimation

 Important Notes :

o In practice, the most commonly used term is the diversity factor, but

it is used in replacement of the coincidence factor, thus will be

always > 1.
o The main difference between the demand and diversity factor.

The demand factor, for instance, applies to individual loads

whereas the diversity factor applies on load groups.

14 Electrical Load estimation

 Comma - Learning Solutions
‫تم اقتباس الصوره من‬

15 Electrical Load estimation

 Comma - Learning Solutions
‫تم اقتباس الصوره من‬

16 Electrical Load estimation

 Comma - Learning Solutions
‫تم اقتباس الصوره من‬

17 Electrical Load estimation

 Comma - Learning Solutions
‫تم اقتباس الصوره من‬

18 Electrical Load estimation

 Importance of Electrical Load
Estimation
1. Define the electrical space program which may affect the arch concept
and other departments.
2. Define the Bulk Equipment.

3. Preliminary cost estimate.

4. Contact the authority to check the electrical load assigned for the
building in infra stage and check available design option.

19 Electrical Load estimation

 Load Estimation
1) Stages
A preliminary load estimate, generally based on a projection of

available data on existing buildings of the same usage and the square

footage or volume. This information is used in preliminary engineering

studies for determining feasibility and cost and for very preliminary

2) discussions
An early design
withload estimate, of higher accuracy than (I ) above, to
the utility.

determine the types of service required, to present more realistic

information to the utility, to begin formal utility negotiations. and to

determine the type of distribution system and voltages to be

selected. At this point, the areas required for electrical rooms and

substations will be determined . Once preliminary architectural

20 decisions have
Electrical Load been made, it may be difficult to obtain additional
estimation
3) The final load estimates are based on actual Take-offs from the final

electrical and mechanical drawings. These include "as designed"

motor sizes, sizes of permanently connected appliances, lighting

loads. estimated loads for receptacles and heating equipment loads.

Even these figures should be reviewed when the requirements of the

actual equipment are furnished by contractors and manufacturers.

21 Electrical Load estimation

Description of customers' Loads
 Resistive Loads.

With a resistive load the voltage and current peaks coincide and are
therefore in
phase and the power factor is unity.

22 Electrical Load estimation

 Lighting Loads.

Lighting meant for illumination, bulbs, lamps, tube lights, fluorescent

lights, halogen bulbs, spot lights, search lights, fence lights, outdoor
lights, emergency lights.

23 Electrical Load estimation

  Other Loads -Receptacles Loads. ( Small
Power )

24 Electrical Load estimation

 Inductive Loads.

With an inductive load the current waveform is lagging behind the

voltage waveform, therefore, the voltage and current peaks are not in
phase. The amount of phase delay is given by the cosine of the angle
(Cos), between the vectors representing voltage and current, and the
power factor is less then unity.

25 Electrical Load estimation

load classifications

Listed below are typical load classifications and examples of classes of

electrical equipment that should be considered when estimating initial and

future loads.
.

26 Electrical Load estimation

1. Lighting – Interior (General, Task, exits and

stairwells),exterior(decorative ,Parking ,security, Street Lighting , Facade

2. Lighting
Appliances – Business
and Landscape and copyingand
lighting),normal machines, receptacles for
emergency.

vending machines and general use.

3. Space conditioning (HVAC) – Heating ,Cooling, air-handling units and

.
4. Plumbing
Ventilation.and sanitation – Water Pumps, hot water heaters ,

submersible and sewage pumps, incinerators and waste handling.

5. Fire protection – Fire detection , alarms and pumps.

27 Electrical Load estimation

6. Transportation – Elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, and moving
walkways.
7. Data Processing – Desktop computers, Central processing
.

equipment and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems including

8. Food preparation – Cooling, Cocking, special exhausts,

related cooling.
dishwashing, etc.
9. Special Loads – for equipment and facilities commercial buildings ,

restaurants , theaters , religious buildings , terminals and airports ,

healthcare facilities, laboratories, broadcasting stations , etc.

10.Miscellaneous Loads – Security, Central Control systems,

Communications, audio visual, fitness equipment, Hand dryers and

28 Electrical Load
maintenance estimation , etc.
equipment
Codes & Standards In details

Egyptian Code

29 Electrical Load estimation

30 Electrical Load estimation
31 Electrical Load estimation
 ‫هذه األرقام طبقا‬
‫ٍالحدي شركات‬
‫الكهرباء وليست طبقا‬
‫للكود المصري‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Electrical Load estimation‬‬

o This guide is
for Oil
transformers
only.
o For Dry
transformers
we can load
the
transformer up
to 135 % for
limited time
by using
Forced air
ventilation.

33 Electrical Load estimation

34 Electrical Load estimation
 ‫هذا المثال في‬
‫شريحة المباني‬
‫التي يزيد عدد‬
‫الكود اعتبر أن‬ ‫أدوارها عن ‪ 15‬دور‬
‫البدروم هو‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫اسكان منخفض‬
‫وهذا منطقي‬

‫حمل البدروم‬

‫حمل األدوار‬
‫التجاريه‬

‫حمل األدوار‬
‫السكنيه‬

‫الخدما‬
‫ت‬
‫نحن نعتقد أن الكود يقصد بها أن معظم األحمال في المباني السكنيه‬
‫الحمل‬
‫والتجاريه عباره عن االناره ولكن الحمل يشمل أيضا ال ‪Small power‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫الكلي‬
‫‪Electrical Load estimation‬‬
‫بدليل عدم اضافة أحمال لها في الحل‪.‬‬
36 Electrical Load estimation
 ‫‪ o‬بالنسبه لتحديد قيم ال ‪ Ratings‬الخاصه بالمولد ((‪ Generator‬كما قمنا‬

‫بتحديد المحول فهذا األمر غير منصوص عليه بشكل مباشر في الكود ‪ .‬ولكن‬

‫يتم تحديده علي حسب طبيعة كل مشروع وعلي حسب نظرة المهندس‬

‫المصمم لطبيعة احتياج المبني له وعلي حسب ال ‪ Inputs‬التي يحصل عليها‬

‫في بداية المشروع من األقسام األخري‪ .‬ومن االستخدام الدارج قد تصل قدرة‬

‫المولد الي ‪ % 25‬من من قدرة المحوالت الموجوده في المشروع أو قد تصل‬

‫الى ‪ % 100‬من قدرة المحوالت كما في حالة ال ‪Data centers‬‬

‫‪ o‬نفس المبدأ يتم تطبيقه مع جهاز ال ‪ UPS‬فهو غير منصوص عليه صراحة في‬

‫األكواد ‪ .‬وقد يصل حمل جهاز ال ‪ UPS‬الى ‪ % 25 : 10‬من قدرة المولدات‬

‫الموجوده علي حسب طبيعة المشروع‪.‬‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪Electrical Load estimation‬‬
38 Electrical Load estimation
 Saudi electricity company ( Distribution
planning standard),(DPS-01Rev02).

 Description of customers' Facilities.

 Methodologies.

Classification of facilities types due to methodologies.

 How to determine Covered/Built-UP Area.

 Connected loads estimation for normal residential

dwelling (Facility Category : C1)
39 Electrical Load estimation
 Connected loads estimation for normal commercial
shops (Facility Category : C2)
 Intermediate Values of covered\BUILT-UP area for [normal
residential dwelling type (C1) OR normal commercial
shops type (C2)]
 Connected loads estimation for combined type customer
[normal residential dwelling(C1) & normal commercial
shops(C2)]
 Connected loads estimation for (normal residential
dwelling type OR normal commercial shops type) with
central AC.
 Connected loads estimation normal for (normal
residential dwelling(C1) & normal commercial
shops(C2)] with both Window/Split AC and CENTRAL AC

40 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for Big [normal residential
dwelling (C1) & normal commercial shops (C2)] With
Built-Up Area Exceeds Tables' limits

 Connected loads estimation for [normal residential

dwelling (C1) & normal commercial shops (C2)] with
abnormal floor‘s height (more than 3.5 m)

 Connected loads estimation for Area-Based Types with

additional special loads.

 Connected loads estimation for the other remaining Area

Based customers facilities types (From type C3 up to
type C17).

41 Electrical Load estimation

 (Conventional Declared Load Method)
Connected loads estimation for Non Area-Based
customers Facility
types (From type C18 up to type C29)
 Connected loads estimation for facility without AC
(District Cooling)
 Connected loads estimation for facilities in winter peak
area
(without AC & with Heating)
 Special procedures for facility without AC (District
Cooling)
 Demand Factors for all
facilities types

42 Electrical Load estimation

 Coincident Factors

 Individual Equipment demand factors (IEDF)

43 Electrical Load estimation

 Description of customers' Facilities

 The Customers are classified according to

o The nature of use of their Facilities in reality

o According to their connected and demand load estimation

methodology.
 Customers' Facilities are classified into the following Types :

C1 : Normal Residential Dwelling

Description: it is any facility used as Dwelling meant for private

use.

Includes: houses, duplexes, apartments, villas, palaces, labor

housing, etc.

44 Electrical Load estimation

C2 : Normal Commercial Shops

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Commercial

Shops.
Includes: Commercial Shops, Commercial Stores, Pharmacies,
Boutiques, etc.
C3 : Furnished Flats

Description: it is any facility designed for use as

Furnished Flats.
Includes: Furnished Flats.

C4 : Hotels

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Hotels.

Includes: Hotels, Motels.

45 Electrical Load estimation

 C5 : Malls

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Malls or shopping

centers.
Includes: shopping centers, Malls, Supermarkets, Hypermarkets.

C6 : Restaurants

Description: it is any facility designed for use as

Restaurants.
Includes: Restaurants, Coffee Shops, Cafeteria.

C7 : Offices

Description: it is any facility designed for use as work offices.

Includes: Commercial offices, government offices, office complexes, offices, Ba

46 Electrical Load estimation

 C8 : Schools

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Schools..

Includes: Schools, Nursery, Private Training Institute.

C9 : Mosques

Description: it is any facility designed for use as

Mosques..
Includes: Mosques.

C10 : Mezzanine in Hotel

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Mezzanine

Floor..

Includes: Mezzanine in Hotel

47 Electrical Load estimation

11 : Common Area/Services in Buildings

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Common

Area/Services in
Buildings.
Includes: Roof, Corridors, Stairs, piazza.

C12 : Public Services Facilities

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Public Services

Facilities.
Includes: outdoor bath rooms, washing rooms

C13 : Indoor Parking

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Indoor

Parking.

Includes: Indoor Parking

48 Electrical Load estimation

C14 : Outdoor Parking

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Outdoor Parking

Includes: Outdoor Parking,

C15 : Streets Lighting

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Streets Lighting.

Includes: Streets Lights, Roads Lights.

C16 : Parks & Gardens

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Parks &

Gardens.

Includes: Parks & Gardens

49 Electrical Load estimation

 C17 : Open Spaces

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Open Spaces.

Includes: Open Spaces.

C18 : Hospitals\Medical Facilities

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Hospitals\Medical

Facilities.
Includes: Hospitals, Medical Centers.

C19 : Medical Clinics

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Medical

Clinics.

Includes: Medical Clinics.

50 Electrical Load estimation

20 : Universities\High Educational Facilities

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Universities\High

Educational

Includes: Universities, Colleges, High Educational Institutes.

Facilities.

C21 : Light Industries

Description: This includes all industries with load up to (4 MVA)

inside designated
Includes: Small Factories, Livestock, Poultry, Dairy Farms.
Industrial Area or having industrial License.
C22: Workshops

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Workshops.

Includes: Workshops.
51 Electrical Load estimation
C23: Cooling Stores

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Cooling Stores.

Includes: Cooling Stores.

C24 : Warehouses

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Warehouses.

Includes: Warehouses.

C25 : Community Halls

Description: it is any facility designed for use as Community

Halls.

Includes: Community Halls, Wedding Party Halls, Auditorium

52 Electrical Load estimation

C26: Recreational Facilities
Description: it is any facility designed for use as Recreational
Facilities.
Includes: Clubs, Theaters, Cinemas, Gymnasium.
C27 : Farms\Agricultural Facilities

Description: This includes farms used for producing agricultural

products.
Includes: Farms, Green Houses, Production Farms.
C28 : Fuel Stations
Description: it is any facility designed for use as Fuel
Stations.
Includes: Petrol Pumps, Fuel Stations.

C29 : Bulk Factories

Description: This includes all industries with load more than

(4 MVA) inside
designated
Includes: PetrolIndustrial AreaStations.
Pumps, Fuel or having industrial License.

53 Electrical Load estimation

 Methodologies

o In order to determine the connected and demand load of a

customer the following two methodologies are described in this

document for the use of concerned departments of SEC as following

:
Area Load Density Method .1

Declared Load Method .2

54 Electrical Load estimation

.Area Load Density Method .1

• This method is required to be implemented as per instructions of

Ministry of Water and Electricity (formerly Ministry of Industry &

Electricity “MI&E”).
• Covered area of the customer is used as basic parameter for the

assessment of the size of power supply to the customer.

• Its application is limited to the Residential/ Commercial

customers whose areas are defined the covered area tables. Such

customers are normally expected to have uniform behavior in terms of

electrical requirements.

55 Electrical Load estimation

Declared Load Method .2

• This method is used to estimate the load of those customers who have

a variety of load requirements.

• It is essentially based on customer load declaration (‫)بيان أو تصريح‬.

• Information regarding the ratings of equipment to be installed and

their usage is mainly required.

• Customer shall provide load information/details.

56 Electrical Load estimation

 Note:

Large residential/Commercial customers, where the covered area is

beyond the limits given in the relevant tables OR all other type of

customers who have a variety of load requirement irrespective of Floor

Area or plot Size, the power supply requirement of all such customers

shall be estimated by using declared load method.

57 Electrical Load estimation

assification of facilities types due to methodologies

According to the Connected Load Estimation Methodologies, the

Facilities Types

are classified into two

Area-Based groupsType
Facility as following
.1 :

Non Area-Based Facility Type (Declared .2

Method)

58 Electrical Load estimation

Area-Based Facility Type .1

All Facilities Types which their Connected Load can be estimated

according to Area Load Density Method. It includes the Facilities Types as
mentioned in Table(1),

59
Electrical Load estimation
Non Area-Based Facility Type (Declared .2
Method)

All Facilities Types which their Connected Load cannot be estimated

according to
Area Load Density Method and should be estimated according to
Declared Load
Method. It includes the following Facilities Types as mentioned in Table
(2)

60 Electrical Load estimation

How to determine Covered/Built-UP Area

There are three types of Area used in Area Load Density Method as
follows :
UNIT'S COVERED/BUILT-UP AREA )1

TOTAL COVERED/BUILT-UP AREA )2

3) PLOT LAND AREA

61 Electrical Load estimation

UNIT'S COVERED/BUILT-UP AREA )1

• It is an individual built-up area for a customer's unit.

• It is calculated based on the drawings provided by the customer

of its building or the project with approved municipal

documents.

62 Electrical Load estimation

TOTAL COVERED/BUILT-UP AREA )2

• It is the total built-up area for a plot land.

• It is the sum of covered or roofed areas excluding services areas

which arearea
• Covered open.
is calculated based on the drawings provided by the

customer of its building or the project.

63 Electrical Load estimation

Note:

Where total covered area is not mentioned in the building permits, it can

be calculated by applying allowed percentage of construction of the

buildings on the plot land multiplied by the allowed number of floors in the

area, by using the following equation :

Total Covered ( Built-Up) Area

= Plot Land Area

X Allowed percentage of construction of the buildings
on the plot land
X Number of floors

3) PLOT LAND AREA

It is the total area for a land contains covered area's part and open
area's part.

64 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for normal residential
dwelling (Facility Category : C1)

Calculate the Total connected load (KVA) according to the Unit

covered/built-up area (square meter) from the Electricity & Cogeneration

Regulatory Authority “ECRA”) guidelines. Use the New Tables : Table (3)

& Table (4).

65
Electrical Load estimation
66 Electrical Load estimation
67 Electrical Load estimation
 Connected loads estimation for normal commercial
shops (Facility Category : C2)

Calculate the Total connected load (KVA) according to the Unit

covered/built-up area (square meter) from Electricity & Cogeneration

Regulatory Authority “ECRA”) guidelines. Use the New Tables : Table (5) &

Table (6).

68 Electrical Load estimation

69 Electrical Load estimation
70 Electrical Load estimation
 Intermediate Values of covered\BUILT-UP area for
[normal residential dwelling type (C1) OR normal
commercial shops type (C2)]

71 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for combined type customer
[normal residential dwelling(C1) & normal commercial
shops(C2)]
• Determine floor area of the customer buildings separately for each
category.
• Read out from the appropriate tables the connected and
demand load in each category.

• Determine the total contracted load by simple addition of circuit

breakers ratings in each category.

72 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for (normal residential
dwelling type OR normal commercial shops type) with
central AC.

73 Electrical Load estimation

 Since AC load is already included in the values provided in the tables

as customer minimum load, the same shall be subtracted from the

connected load figure

before adding central AC load at the following rate:

Residential Customers = 100 VA/ sq. m

Commercial Customers = 150 VA/ sq. m

Important Note:

If the customer declared load for central AC happens to be less than

the unit AC load as computed above, central AC load shall be ignored.

74 Electrical Load estimation

Steps
1) Determine covered area of the customer building.

2) Determine the total connected load from the appropriate tables.

3) Determine the unit AC connected load as per procedure given

above.
4) Subtract the estimated unit AC load from the total connected load and

add customer declared central AC load to obtain total connected load

of the customer provided it is more than the estimated unit AC load,

otherwise it shall be ignored.

5) Calculate the customer demand load as follows :
Demand Load = (Non-AC Connected Load x DF) +
Central AC Load

75 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation normal for (normal residential
dwelling(C1) & normal commercial shops(C2)] with both
Window/Split AC and Central AC

Steps
1) Determine the floor area of the customer building in each category.

2) Proportionally, determine the connected and the Unit AC load for each
category from the total load corresponding to the total area.

3) Determine connected and demand load for the portion of the

building equipped with central AC .
4) Obtain total connected load of the customer as follows :

Total Connected Load =

Connected Load for Central AC Area + Connected Load for
Unit AC Area

76 Electrical Load estimation

 5) Obtain total Demand Load of the customer as follows:

Total Demand Load =

Demand Load for Central AC Area + [Connected load for Unit AC
Area x D.F]

 Connected loads estimation for Big [normal residential

dwelling (C1) & normal commercial shops (C2)] With Built-UP
Area Exceeds Tables' limits

using the following load density :

Residential Customers = 145 VA/ sq. m

Commercial Customers = 215 VA/ sq. m

77 Electrical Load estimation

  Connected loads estimation for [normal residential
dwelling (C1) & normal commercial shops (C2)] with
abnormal floor‘s height (more than 3.5 m).

Assessment of AC Load for Mezzanine cases or for buildings with ceilings

higher than the standard height of 3.5 meters shall be as follows:

Additional volume (m³) [Total

= Height (m) - Standard Height (3.5 m) X
Covered
Area (m2)

Additional AC Load (VA)

(30=VA/m³) × Additional volume (m3)

The calculated extra AC load by above formula shall be added as

an additional load as follow :

Total Connected Load =

Standard Connected Load from tables (3,4,5,6) + Additional

AC Load

78 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for Area-
Based Types with additional special
loads.

Connected loads according to Area Load Density Method are only

covering normal loads , any additional loads should be considered &

Examples: Swimming
added as additional poolloads.
special loads, Additional elevator, Central AC

79 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for the other remaining Area
Based customers facilities types (From type C3 up to type
C17).
o For all such customers (from type C3 up to type C17)

o An average load requirement (VA/m²) is considered as appropriate

method for the load calculation. Use Table (7).

80 Electrical Load estimation

81 Electrical Load estimation
 (Conventional Declared Load Method) Connected loads
estimation for Non Area-Based customers Facility types
(From type C18 up to type C29)

o For all such customers (from type C18 UP to type C29)

o Ask customer for declared list (use Conventional Declared Load

method) and use individual equipment demand loads.

Steps SEC – Load Declaration Form (SEC-

LD)
1) Where the covered area is beyond table limits and for all types of

customers who have a variety of load requirement irrespective of

floor area or plot size cannot be assessed for their power supply

requirement byestimation
Electrical Load the Table (7).
82
2) Use the load declaration form in Appendix (A2) which covers various

industrial (motors) equipment, to assess the connected load of

industrial, light industries (including hangers and warehouses) and

agricultural customers as in the past.

It is a
part
from the To
appendi downloa
x d the
appendi
x

83 Electrical Load estimation

3) These customers will be requested to fill this form at the time of

filing request of supply application. This will be the basic information

for the study of power supply requirement of the customer.

4) Ascertain the customer declared load is not less than the minimum load

indicated in Table(8).

84 Electrical Load estimation

85 Electrical Load estimation
 Connected loads estimation for facility without AC
(District Cooling).

86 Electrical Load estimation

For all such customers, an average load requirement ( VA/m²) is considered

as appropriate method for the load calculation. Use Table (9).

87 Electrical Load estimation

88 Electrical Load estimation
 Special procedures for facility without AC (District
Cooling)

1) When a customer facility with a District Cooling system (Load without

AC) apply to get power from SEC network , SEC should ask this
customer to make an agreement with Cooling System Provider.

2) The customer should submit a copy from the signed agreement

between customer and Cooling System Provider to SEC.

3) The customer should make the Cooling System Provider to coordinate

with SEC to study the demand required for the Cooling System
Provider.
4) After finalizing the study regards supplying of the Cooling System
Provider , The SEC can accept to study the load of the customer
without AC by using Table (9).

89 Electrical Load estimation

 Connected loads estimation for facilities in winter peak
area
(without AC & with Heating)

o For all customers, belonging to areas where Air Conditioners are not

used and instead heating appliances are used due to specific climatic

o conditions.
Specifically for these customers an average load requirement

(VA/m² ) is considered the appropriate method for the load

calculation as given in Table (10).

90 Electrical Load estimation

91 Electrical Load estimation
92 Electrical Load estimation
 Demand Factors for all facilities types

93 Electrical Load estimation

94 Electrical Load estimation
 Coincident Factors

95 Electrical Load estimation

96 Electrical Load estimation
 Individual Equipment demand factors (IEDF)

97 Electrical Load estimation

98 Electrical Load estimation
 IEEE grey book Std 241-1990

( Commercial buildings
Grey book ).
 Load
Characteristics

 Lighting

o Traditionally, lighting loads have accounted for 20%-50% of the load in air-

conditioned commercial buildings.

o The total lighting load for various buildings has commonly ranged from :3-6

VA/ft2 ( 33 : 66 VA/m2) .

99 Electrical Load estimation

o The electrical engineer must be aware that the NEC (3) does include, for

example, Article 220. " Branch-Circuit and Feeder Calculations" for various

types of occupancies in commercial buildings, Minimum power allowance for

lighting loads for each square foot of floor area, which help to identify the

minimum capacities for the associated feeder circuit panel boards of the
o The engineer should recognize the increasing trend in exterior lighting for
power distribution system, are specified.
security and decorative effect and then provide service and feeder capacity

for the resulting future increases in loads.

o A simplified method based on the above standard for determining the unit

lighting power allowance for each building type is shown in Table 4.

10 Electrical Load estimation

0
10 Electrical Load estimation
1
o Important Note: This prescriptive table is intended primarily for core-

and-shell (i.e., speculative) buildings or for use during the preliminary

design phase (i.e., when the space uses are less than 80% defined).

The values in this table are not intended to represent the needs of all

buildings within the types listed

10 Electrical Load estimation

2
 General - Purpose Receptacles for Appliance Loads

o Power required for appliances depends largely on the type of space

usage.
o Commercial building appliances include such loads as typewriters,

desktop computers, copiers, communication equipment, and office

automation equipment, Loads for large computers, plug-in-type air

conditioners, cooking and laundry equipment, etc. should be

considered separately. In contrast to lighting.

o the overall demand factor for appliances is very low. The NEC. Article

220 (Branch­Circuit and Feeder Calculations) provides information on

the allowable (for minimum safety) use of demand factors for

nondwelling receptacle loads.

10 Electrical Load estimation
3
o In general, 1VA/ft2 ( 11.11 VA/m2) of net demand is adequate for most

commercial buildings
o However, The wiring (feeders and branch circuits) to serve the

connected load is often installed with capacity for 1.5A per duplex outlet

, or 180 VA/100 ft2 ( 2000VA/m2) of office area.

o Typical unit load data for various occupancies are given in Table 5 and

for apartments in Table 6.

10 Electrical Load estimation

4
10 Electrical Load estimation
5
10 Electrical Load estimation
6
 Air Conditioning

o The air- conditioning load will consist of :

 The motor drives for  air distribution fans or

 compressors
chilled water  blowers
motorized dampers

 pumps
condensate and valves

 pumps
evaporative condensers or

cooling towers
o For rough estimation purposes, it may be assumed that 1 ton

of refrigeration equipment will require 1 hp of motor drive for

refrigeration units only. or approximately 1 kVA of load.

10 Electrical Load estimation

7
o The refrigeration unit or compressor will usually constitute about 55%-

70% of the total connected air-conditioning load.

o The remaining load may consist of pumps, fans, and other auxiliaries.

o It is customary, therefore, to apply a factor of from 1.6-2.0 to the total

tonnage involved, and the result will be a fair estimate of the total

connected load to be expected,

o The above factors would apply in most eases for systems of 100 tons
o On systems below this figure, a factor of about 2.3 may be used for
and larger.
preliminary estimates.
o Where many small-unit air conditioners are used, a factor of 2.8 is

suggested.

10 Electrical Load estimation

8
 o ln air-conditioning systems utilizing refrigeration machines that operate

on thethe heavy compressor
absorption principle: load is eliminated but the auxiliary
equipment load is still present.
 This type of system will usually reduce the electrical load to about

40%--50% of that required for a full electric drive system, or to

about 0.7-1.0 KVA/ton.

10 Electrical Load estimation

9
o Table 7 gives the approximate air-conditioning load that might occur in

the average commercial building, Loads include compressors and all

auxiliary equipment involved in the cooling and ventilating system.

11 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Auxiliary Equipment

o The electrical load for boiler room and mechanical auxiliary equipment

does not normally constitute a large portion of the building load.

o Usually, it will not exceed 5% of the total load (not including air

conditioning); but it may be as high as 10% in schools.

o ln small commercial buildings, the auxiliary equipment load will consist

of small units, many of which may be served by fractional horsepower

motors.
o While larger buildings will have some fractional horsepower equipment,

some of the fans and pumps required may be relatively large, I 0-20 hp

being the most common and 30-75 hp or more being quite possible.

11 Electrical Load estimation

1
o The electrical engineer should consult mechanical designers on the

possible use of large motors or electrical heating loads that might affect

o the
The preliminary
major piecesload estimate. frequently encountered are:
of equipment
 Induced draft or forced  Control devices and
draft fans circuits
 Ventilation or  Electronic air cleaners
exhaust fans
 Pumps for boiler feed condensate return, sumps, sewage
pumps and water circulation
 Fire and house service
tank pumps
 Air compressors and service
equipment
 Electrical heating and auxiliary
heating elements

11 Electrical Load estimation

2
 Plumbing and Sanitation

o Generally, for a commercial building, the loads of plumbing and

sanitation equipment are not large.

o Typical loads for water pressure boosting systems and electric hot water

heating are identified in Tables 9 and 10

o Sump and sewage pumps are

usually small.

11 Electrical Load estimation

3
11 Electrical Load estimation
4
 Fire Protection

o The largest load for fire protection will usually be a fire pump.

o Typical power load data for fire pumps are given in Table 11

11 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Transportation Systems

o Transportation equipment for commercial buildings includes

elevators, escalators, conveyors, dumbwaiters, and pneumatic-

conveying systems.
o There is no simple rule-of-thumb method for determining the number

and type of elevators or escalators required in a particular size or

type (occupancy) of commercial building.

o Manufacturers of the equipment or specialized consultants are the

best source of load information

o When determining this total load, typical demand factors might be

0.85 for two elevators, 0.75 for four elevators, and a somewhat lower

value for additional elevators.

11 Electrical Load estimation

6
 Food preparation

o The magnitude of the electrical load depends more upon the number

of meals served at one time than upon the total size of the space.

o The load also depends upon whether electricity or gas is used to

provide the heat for the main equipment (ovens and ranges).

o However, The additional devices using electric power that is ( fryers,

microwave ovens, stock kettles , warming tables , meat slicers and

saws , coffee pots ,toasters , waffle irons , mixers , potato peelers , etc.)

may present
o Besides a sizabledirectly
the equipment load and should
involved not be
in food overlooked
preparation, in will
there

system design.
be additional service equipment including lighting, dishwashing and

garbage disposal equipment, exhaust fans, make-up air heaters, hot

11 water booster
Electrical Load heaters.
estimation etc.
7
o In addition, there may also be refrigeration equipment, varying from

walk-in type refrigerators to freezer units or deep-freeze lockers.

(Commercial freezer or cold storage plants present different system

design problems; they are considered an industrial type of building , and

consequently are excluded from this recommended practice)

o Table 12 provides some approximate total load data for commercial

kitchens that might be located in a commercial building .

11 Electrical Load estimation

8
11 Electrical Load estimation
9
o The cooling load for the kitchen should not be overlooked since heat gain

o in
This heat
the can be
kitchen removed
is often by exhaust fans (for example, Range hoods,
large.

room exhausts), air conditioning, or a combination of the two.

o When ventilation alone is used, fan capacity to provide one air change

per minute
o There are somay be variables
many necessary.in heat gains for kitchen equipment that a

general rule-of-thumb cannot be used for the load required to air

condition a commercial kitchen.

12 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Miscellaneous or Special Loads

o There are many loads that do not qualify in the preceding schedule of

major load groups that could possibly appear in any new commercial

building.

o These additional loads will generally be small but could be major in size.
o when the power system is initially being designed, Multiple-story

office buildings may require approximately 1-2 VA/ft2 for such

general or miscellaneous loads.

o A partial checklist of such loads is provided in Table 13.

12 Electrical Load estimation

1
12 Electrical Load estimation
2
  Special Requirements by
Occupancy

o The designer of commercial facilities may group his or her design

parameters into four basic categories:

 Minimum requirements of applicable codes

 Dependability of service and provision for

emergency.
 Flexibility for growth and changes.

System safety and efficiency, and user comfort

12 Electrical Load estimation

3
o Good judgment and selling ability are required by the designer.

o The design engineer should meet the minimum requirements and

expand from that point, as required, by the specific nature of the

facility, occupant, and building owner.

o Codes, ordinances, and regulations establish the legal minimum

requirements for safety, and may not adequately address the needs of

specific occupancies.

12 Electrical Load estimation

4
  Relation to NEC

 Section 2 (200 Series articles) of the NEC covers minimum design

requirements for sizing of feeder and service equipment.

 The NEC, Article 220 deals specifically with branch-circuit, feeder, and

service calculations.

12 Electrical Load estimation

5
 NE

 Lighting Load for Specified

C

o A unit load of not less than that specified in Table 220.12 for
Occupancies
occupancies specified therein shall constitute the minimum lighting

o The
load.floor area for each floor shall be calculated from the outside

dimensions of the building, dwelling unit, or other area involved For

o dwelling units floor area shall not include open porches, garages, or
The calculated

unused or unfinished spaces not adaptable for future use.

o Informational Note: The unit values herein are based on minimum
load conditions and 100 percent power factor .

12 Electrical Load estimation

6
o Exception: Where the building is designed and constructed to comply

with an energy code adopted by the local authority, the lighting load

shall be permitted to be calculated at the values specified in the

energy code where the following conditions are met:

 A power monitoring system is installed that will provide continuous

information regarding the total general lighting load of the building.

 The demand factors specified in 220.42 are not applied to the

general lighting load.

 The power monitoring system will be set with alarm values to alert

the building owner or manager if the lighting load exceeds the

values set by the energy code.

12 Electrical Load estimation

7
12 Electrical Load estimation
8
 Receptacle
220.14(J) for dwelling occupancies, hotels and motels 210.52(E)
Outlets.

210.11(C)(3)

12 Electrical Load estimation

9
 210.52(G)

13 Electrical Load estimation

0
210.70(A)

13 Electrical Load estimation

1
 210.70(B)

13 Electrical Load estimation

2
220.14(K) for Banks and Office Buildings.

220.14 (I)

13 Electrical Load estimation

3
 210.11(C)(1) and (C)(2)

13 Electrical Load estimation

4
Demand Factors for Non-Dwelling Receptacle Loads

13 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Specific Appliances

or Loads

 Electric Dryers and Electric Cooking Appliances in dwellings

13 Electrical Load estimation

6
220.54 for electric dryers

13 Electrical Load estimation

7
220.55 for electric ranges and other cooking appliances

13 Electrical Load estimation

8
13 Electrical Load estimation
9
 Show Windows

14 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Demand Factors :

14 Electrical Load estimation

1
14 Electrical Load estimation
2
 Continued …

14 Electrical Load estimation

3
14 Electrical Load estimation
4
14 Electrical Load estimation
5
 BSRIA
( Rules of Thumb 5th
edition )

14 Electrical Load estimation

6
14 Electrical Load estimation
7
14 Electrical Load estimation
8
 Siemens Guide

14 Electrical Load estimation

9
15 Electrical Load estimation
0
15 Electrical Load estimation
1
15 Electrical Load estimation
2
 On Job Training of

ECG

15 Electrical Load estimation

3
15 Electrical Load estimation
4
15 Electrical Load estimation
5
15 Electrical Load estimation
6
15 Electrical Load estimation
7
15 Electrical Load estimation
8
15 Electrical Load estimation
9
 Project
 Project
data
 Floors

16 Electrical Load estimation

0
1-BASEMENT 02 ( -17.50 )
o This Floor is at level -17.5 , it is 17.5 m under zero level .

o Height = 3.5 m

o Arch :

o Total Area = 17300 m2

16 Electrical Load estimation

1
o Areas & Special Loads

16 Electrical Load estimation

2
16 Electrical Load estimation
3
16 Electrical Load estimation
4
2-BASEMENT 01 ( -14.00 )
o This Floor is at level -14 , it is 14 m under zero level .

o Height = 3.5 m

o Arch :

o Total Area = 17200 m2

16 Electrical Load estimation

5
o Areas & Special Loads

16 Electrical Load estimation

6
16 Electrical Load estimation
7
16 Electrical Load estimation
8
16 Electrical Load estimation
9
17 Electrical Load estimation
0
17 Electrical Load estimation
1
3-GROUND FLOOR ( -10.50 )
o This Floor is at level -10.5 , it is 10.5 m under zero level .

o Height = 6 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area ) = 15900 m2

17 Electrical Load estimation

2
o Areas & Special Loads

17 Electrical Load estimation

3
17 Electrical Load estimation
4
17 Electrical Load estimation
5
17 Electrical Load estimation
6
17 Electrical Load estimation
7
4-FIRST FLOOR ( -4.50 )
o This Floor is at level - 4.5 , it is 4.5 m under zero level .

o Height = 4.5 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area ) = 13330 m2

17 Electrical Load estimation

8
o Areas & Special Loads

17 Electrical Load estimation

9
18 Electrical Load estimation
0
18 Electrical Load estimation
1
18 Electrical Load estimation
2
05-SECOND FLOOR ( 0.00 )
o This Floor is at level 0.00

o Height = 4.5 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area ) = 11250 m2

18 Electrical Load estimation

3
o Areas & Special Loads

18 Electrical Load estimation

4
18 Electrical Load estimation
5
18 Electrical Load estimation
6
18 Electrical Load estimation
7
18 Electrical Load estimation
8
06-THIRD FLOOR ( +4.50 )
o This Floor is at level +4.5 , it is at 4.5 m above zero level

o Height = 4.5 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area ) = 12530 m2

18 Electrical Load estimation

9
o Areas & Special Loads

19 Electrical Load estimation

0
19 Electrical Load estimation
1
19 Electrical Load estimation
2
19 Electrical Load estimation
3
19 Electrical Load estimation
4
7-FOURTH FLOOR ( +9.00 )
o This Floor is at level +9.00 , it is at 9 m above zero level

o Height = 3 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area& Roof Area )
= 9035 m2

19 Electrical Load estimation

5
o Areas & Special Loads

19 Electrical Load estimation

6
19 Electrical Load estimation
7
19 Electrical Load estimation
8
19 Electrical Load estimation
9
20 Electrical Load estimation
0
8-FIFTH FLOOR ( +12.20 )
o This Floor is at level +12.20 , it is at 12.20 m above zero level

o Height = 4.2 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area& Roof Area )
= 6060 m2

20 Electrical Load estimation

1
o Areas & Special Loads

20 Electrical Load estimation

2
20 Electrical Load estimation
3
20 Electrical Load estimation
4
20 Electrical Load estimation
5
20 Electrical Load estimation
6
9-SIXTH FLOOR ( +16.40 )
o This Floor is at level +16.4 , it is at 16.4 m above zero level

o Height = 3.2 m

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area& Roof Area )
= 2075 m2

20 Electrical Load estimation

7
o Areas & Special Loads

20 Electrical Load estimation

8
20 Electrical Load estimation
9
21 Electrical Load estimation
0
0-ROOF PLAN ( +19.60 )
o This Floor is at level +19.6 , it is at 19.6 m above zero level

o Arch :

o Total Area ( Without

open Area& Roof Area )
= 265 m2

o Total Area ( Roof Area )

= 16116 m2

21 Electrical Load estimation

1
o Areas & Special Loads

21 Electrical Load estimation

2
21 Electrical Load estimation
3
 Solve the Project , if the project in Egypt and any country
follows NEC, IEEE , BSRIA & Siemens Guide

 Preliminary load estimation

o Generally based on a projection of available data on existing

buildings of the same usage and the square footage or volume. This

information is used in preliminary engineering studies for

determining feasibility and cost and for very preliminary discussions

o If you are in a project in Egypt and you will use the Egyptian code,
with the utility.
you will find that the Egyptian code divides the buildings for

residential buildings and administrative buildings only, this means

any project that is not residential will be under the administrative

item, whether it is a mall, hospital, school, hotel or any non-

21 Electrical Load estimation
4 residential project
 o The Egyptian code states, for example, that administrative buildings

with less than 15 floors are in the range of 60: 120 VA / m2, and

therefore the design engineers, what value will they consider? .. 60, 70,

80, or 120, this is a very wide rang and we need a specific number .. Do

o these numbers include Special Loads or not ?

Therefore, we need to support our

account with the NEC Code as well

as with the IEEE Standard in order

to finally get one number, we

multiply it by the area of the

building and get the initial load of

the building.
21 Electrical Load estimation
5
o Can I work with NEC and IEEE together and do this mix and keep my

work right?

o What is the application of our project?

Retail - Mixed use

21 Electrical Load estimation

6
o To get the lighting load we will go to NEC
Table 220.12

o So the value of Lighting Connected Load = 33 VA/m2 ,

o As we know before , all these numbers in the table 220.12 are

connected loads and we should apply demand factor from table 220.42

21 Electrical Load estimation

7
o As our project is not dwelling

occupancies , in this stage I don’t know

more than it’s a Mixed use retail , so I

don’t know any information about the

dwelling units and there Areas inside the

building , So I consider it Mixed use

retail only , So we shall add additional

o The demand factor for Lighting loads
load for the receptacle outlets
from Table 220.42 is 100 %.
( Sockets ) .
o So the value of Lighting demand Load
is 33 * 1 = 33 VA/m2 .

21 Electrical Load estimation

8
o To get the receptacle outlets ( Sockets ) load we will go to IEEE –
section 2.2.2 - Table 5

o No Specific figure is

given in the standard

( considering it similar

to cafeterias)
o To convert from VA/ft2

to VA/m2

1 VA/ft2 = 11

VA/m2
o So the value of Sockets Connected Load = 0.2 x 11 =

2.2 VA/m2 .

21 Electrical Load estimation

9
 Demand Factors for Non-Dwelling Receptacle Loads

o The average demand factor for Sockets loads for our project can be

considered 70 %.
o So the value of Sockets demand Load can be consider 2.2 * 0.7 = 1.6

VA/m2 .

22 Electrical Load estimation

0
o To get the Air condition load , we will go to IEEE 241 1990 –
Section 2.2.3 - Table 7

o No Specific figure is given in the

standard. Comparing the figure given

for Hotels (6 VA/ft2) , Office Building

(6 VA/ft2) and small stores (4 to 12

VA/ft2) a figure of 6 VA/ft2 can be

o So the value of HVAC Connected Load can be consider 6 * 11 = 66
used .
VA/m2are
o There . no values for the demand factors of the HVAC Loads in the NEC ,

but we can get a value for it from Siemens Guide and Consider it 0.8 .

22 Electrical Load estimation

1
o So the value of HVAC demand Load can be consider 66 * 0.8 = 52.5

VA/m2 .
o To get the Other mechanical loads ( i.e fire pump, water pump,
elevators….etc.)

o No Specific figure is given in the standard ( data from similar

previous projects), 1.75 VA/ft2

o So the value of mechanical Connected Load can be consider 1.75 * 11

o =
We19
willVA/m2 . a demand factor of 0.8 for the mechanical loads
assume

o So the value of mechanical loads demand Load can be consider 19 *

0.8 = 15 VA/m2 .

22 Electrical Load estimation

2
o To get the Miscellaneous equipment loads, we will go to IEEE
241 1990 – Section 2.2.9

o No Specific figure is given in the standard ( data from similar previous

projects and with comparing to the figure of the office building) ,

22 Electrical Load estimation

3
o So the value of Miscellaneous equipment Connected Load can be

consider 1.5 * 11 = 16 VA/m2 .

o We will assume a demand factor of 0.8 for the mechanical loads

o So the value of Miscellaneous equipment demand Load can be

consider = 16 x 0.8 = 13 VA/m2 .

22 Electrical Load estimation

4
 o To get the Kitchen loads, we will go to IEEE 241 1990 – Section 2.2.9 – Table 12

o In our project , there is no usage for the kitchen except for Hotel rooms
o But we don’t know more information about there locations and areas
and Restaurants

o It is enough in this project to

secure myself in Calculations to

take the Value of 300 KW which

enough to serve 1200 persons

o So the value of Kitchen

Connected Load can be consider

300 / 0.8 = 375 K VA/m2 .

22 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Demand Factors for Kitchen Equipment — Other Than Dwelling
Unit(s)

o So the value of Kitchen demand Load can be consider = 375 *

0.7 = 265 K VA .

22 Electrical Load estimation

6
o The Basements Loads :

o The Basements are Special Case , Because they don’t have Air

conditioned loads (Just frish air and Exhaust fans) and the lighting and

power loads aren’t the same of the remaining floors , so you can

consider
We Canthere loadsit by
Consider 15:one
20of the following
VA/m2 as methods :

per the Egyptian code for the Low

 We
housing (‫)االسكان المنخفض‬
Can Consider .
it (10 W/m2 ) = 12.5

VA/m2 as BSRIA - Rules of Thumb

BG9-2011 for the Car parks .

 Finally we will take it as the highest value , 20 VA as per the

Egyptian code .
22 Electrical Load estimation
7
o The Roof Loads :

o The Roof is Special Case , Because it doesn’t has Air conditioned loads

and the lighting and power loads are very small , just some lighting

and power for services , so you can consider there loads by the

following method :
 We Can Consider it (10 W/m2 ) = 12.5 VA/m2 as Siemens Guide

for the Foyer .

22 Electrical Load estimation

8
o So we can divide the demand loads into 5 types :

1. Air Conditioned Loads = 52.5 VA/m2 .

2. Non - Air Conditioned Loads = 33 + 1.6 +15 + 13 = 62.5

VA/m2 .
 Lighting  Receptacle outlets
Loads ( Sockets ) Loads

 Mechanical loads  Miscellaneous equipment

loads

3. Kitchen loads = 265

KVA

4. Basements Loads = 20 VA/m2

5. Roof Loads = 12.5 VA/m2

22 Electrical Load estimation

9
o We will do a fast check for the Non - Air Conditioned Loads from
the Saudi code

23 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Check from the Saudi Code
o From table (9) , The Connected load for ( Lighting & Small power )
for Malls is 75 VA/m2
o From table (11) , The demand factor for Malls is 0.7

o So , The demand load for Malls from the Saudi Code for
( Lighting + Small power ) is 75 x 0.7 = 52.5 VA/m2
Final Number

o So our calculated number ( 62.5 VA/m2 ) is in the Range , and the

difference of 10 VA/m2 between our calculated number and the Saudi
code is for Mechanical and Miscellaneous equipment demand loads , as
under the Table (9) , you will find a note which mentioned that any
additional loads except Lighting and small power should be added
o Air Conditioned Loads + Non - Air Conditioned Loads = 52.5 +

62.5 = 115.3 VA /m2 , Which is in the Range of the Egyptian

23 Code ( 60 :Load
Electrical 120estimation
) VA/m2 .
1
 Check from Siemens Guide

o Siemens Guide States that : Besides the power demand of

large machinery (motors, pumps, etc.), the demand of

individual functional areas (office, parking, shop, …) must be

ascertained
o So all

Numbers in

Siemens

Guide are for

Lighting,

Small power &

23 Electrical Load estimation
2
Small
o The number from Siemens Guide for Shopping centre is ( 30 : 60

W/m2 ) which is ( 37.5 : 75 VA /m2 ) , So we are still in the Range .

o We now have more sense of numbers and can apply

them practicality to any project

23 Electrical Load estimation

3
 Basement - 02 Load

o Basement Load = Area x VA/m2 of

o Basement
basements
- 02 Load = 17300 x 20 = 346000 VA = 346 kVA

Basement - 01 Load

o Basement - 02 Load = 17200 x 20 = 344000 VA = 344 kVA

23 Electrical Load estimation

4
 Ground Floor Load

Load = Area x VA/m2 of non – air conditioned loads

+ Area x VA/m2 of air conditioned loads

o Ground Floor Load =15900 x 62.5 + 15900 x 52.5 = 1828500 VA = 1829 kVA

First Floor Load

o First Floor Load = 13330 x 62.5 + 13330 x 52.5 = 1532950 VA = 1533 kVA

23 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Second Floor Load

o Second Floor Load =11250 x 62.5 + 11250 x 52.5 = 1293750 VA = 1294 kVA

Third Floor Load

o Third Floor Load = 12530 x 62.5 + 12530 x 52.5 = 1440950 VA = 1441 kVA

Fourth Floor Load

o Fourth Floor Load = 9035 x 62.5 + 9035 x 52.5 = 1039025 VA = 1040 kVA

23 Electrical Load estimation

6
 Fifth Floor Load

o Fifth Floor Load = 6060 x 62.5 + 6060 x 52.5 = 696900 VA = 697 kVA

Sixth Floor Load

o Sixth Floor Load = 2075 x 62.5 + 2075 x 52.5 = 238625 VA = 239 kVA

Roof Floor Load

o Roof Load = Area x VA/m2 of Roof

o Roof Load = 16116 x 12.5 = 201450 VA = 202 kVA

23 Electrical Load estimation

7
 Kitchen Loads

Kitchen loads = 265

KVA

Total Loads of the Mall

 Total Loads of the Mall = 346 + 344 + 1829 + 1533 + 1294 + 1441 + 1040

+ 697 + 239 + 202 + 265 = 9230 KVA

Total Preliminary load estimation

of the Mall = 9230 KVA = 9.3 MVA

23 Electrical Load estimation

8
  Break down load estimation

o we don’t take any values for the loads from Codes & standards except

o for Lighting
All MEP and Smalldo
departments Power
their .works in this stage , so you as an

electrical engineer should request their loads officially by email .

o We don’t take the building as Overall areas as we did in the previous

o Preliminary load floor

We divide every estimation
in the building into several applications and take from the

Standards the value of Lighting and small power only for each application , then we will

sum the loads for lighting and power for all applications in each floor

o Finally we will Sum all loads of the MEP departments to our lighting and

small power for all applications to get the Total demand load of the

23 Building
Electrical Load estimation
9
 Total Area of the Mall

o Total Area = Basements Areas + Upper Floor Areas

o Basement Areas = 17300 + 17200 = 34500 m2 .

o Upper Floor Areas = 15900 + 13330 + 11250 + 12530 + 9035

+ 6060 + 2075 + 265 = 70445 m2

o Total Area = 104945 m2

24 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Data from MEP departments for Building

HVAC demand Loads >> 3400 KVA >> ( 3400000 / 70445 ) = 48.3 VA/m2

Mechanical demand Loads >> 1100 KVA >> ( 1100000 / 104945 ) = 10.5 VA/m2

Low Current demand Loads >> 80 KVA >> ( 80000 / 104945 ) = 0.75 VA/m2

Total demand load of MEP departments = 4580 KVA >> 4.6 MVA

o The remaining loads are for Lighting and small power only for

all applications at all floors .

24 Electrical Load estimation

1
 VA/m2 for Indoor Parking Areas

o In this Stage we will consider more accurate values for standards ,

because we have the Mechanical loads from Mechanical departments

and there are no remaining loads

 AS in the basements except Lighting &
per BSRIA

Small Power .

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 10 / 0.8 = 12.5 VA

24 Electrical Load estimation

2
  AS per Siemens Guide

24 Electrical Load estimation

3
 VA/m2 for Public use Areas

o No problem if we consider the lighting and small power from Saudi

 AS per DPS
Code

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 50 x 0.75 = 37.5 VA/m2

24 Electrical Load estimation

4
o As a fast check , the value for lighting loads for Stores areas from

NEC is 33 VA/m2 , so our number is accurate .

 Lighting AS per NEC

24 Electrical Load estimation

5
 VA/m2 for Services Areas

o No problem if we consider the lighting and small power from Saudi

Code
 AS per DPS

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 60 x 0.8 = 48 VA/m2

24 Electrical Load estimation

6
 VA/m2 for Utility Areas

 VA/m2 for Pumps Rooms Areas

 VA/m2 for Chillers & Pumps Areas

 VA/m2 for Low Current Areas

 AS per Siemens Guide

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 15 / 0.8 = 19 VA

24 Electrical Load estimation

7
 VA/m2 for Offices & Banks Areas

 Lighting AS per
IEEE

24 Electrical Load estimation

8
 Lighting AS per
NEC

24 Electrical Load estimation

9
 General use
Receptacles
as per IEEE

25 Electrical Load estimation

0
 Lighting
&General
use
Receptacles
as per
Siemens
Guide

25 Electrical Load estimation

1
 Lighting
&General
use
Receptacles
as per
BSRIA

o We will work as per NEC & IEEE , to be in the practical Range

 Demand VA/m2 = demand Lighting load + demand power load =

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 39 + 11 = 50 VA

25 Electrical Load estimation

2
 VA/m2 for Hyper Market
 AS per BSRIA

o This number includes all loads and we need Lighting and small
power loads only .
 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = ( 185/0.8) – ( 48.3 + 10.5 + 0.75 ) = 170 VA/m2

o We can reduce this high value if the consumed floor by fridges

is less than 30 – 40 % .
o But if this Hyper will be for Special owner say for example
Carrefour , so it will be core & shell and I don’t know the nature of
25 Electrical Load estimation
3 the loads so I will make myself safe by this value .
 VA/m2 for Cinema
 VA/m2 for Recreational Facilities
o No Problem to take the Lighting and small power loads from DPS ,
because it’s in same Range of the Egyptian code for Administrative
buildings ( 60 : 120 VA/m2
 including
AS per DPSHVAC Loads ) .

25 Electrical Load estimation

4
 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 90 X 0.8 = 72 VA/m2

25 Electrical Load estimation

5
 VA/m2 for Shops

 Lighting AS per
NEC

 Power As per
IEEE

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 33 + ( 1.5 X 11 ) = 50 VA/m2

25 Electrical Load estimation

6
 VA/m2 for Restaurants
 VA/m2 for Coffee Shops

o The Restaurant area divided into Two main areas : Kitchen Area & Guests Area
 Kitchen Area

o In case the Restaurants are core & shell , and you don’t know each client of each
restaurant will buy gas equipment or electrical equipment , so consider
connected load of 100 w/ft2 for the kitchen of the restaurant and make yourself
safe .
25 Electrical Load estimation
7
o 100 w/ft2 ( 1375 VA/m2 ) : This number is connected load and contains each
loads in the restaurant , We need the demand ( Lighting + Power ) Loads only
 As per IEEE
 The Connected Load for HVAC =
8 X 11 = 88 VA/m2

 The Connected Mechanical Loads =

10.5 /0.8 = 13.2 VA/m2

 The Connected load ( Lighting + Power ) =

1375 – ( 88 + 13.2) = 1274
 AS per NEC
 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) =
1274 X 0.65 = 828 VA/m2

 We will consider 20 % of each

restaurant area for Kitchen

25 Electrical Load estimation

8
  Guests Area

 Lighting AS per
IEEE

 Lighting AS per
NEC

25 Electrical Load estimation

9
 Power AS per
IEEE

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = ( 2.2 X 13.75 ) X ( 0.2 X 11 ) = 33 VA/m2

26 Electrical Load estimation

0
 VA/m2 for Hotel

 AS per NEC

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 22 VA/m2

26 Electrical Load estimation

1
  VA/m2 for Open Areas

o No Problem to take the load from DPS for this application

 AS per DPS

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting ) = ( 3 X 0.9 ) = 2.7 VA/m2

26 Electrical Load estimation

2
Basement - 02 Loads

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 14173 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 177162 VA = 177 KVA

Demand Load of of Public use Areas 1373 m2 x 37.5 VA/m2 = 51487 VA = 51.5 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 924 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 44352 VA = 44.5 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 38 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 725 VA = 0.725 KVA

Demand Load of Pumps Rooms 262 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 5035 VA = 5 KVA

Total demand load of Basement - 02 = = 279 KVA >> 0.28 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

3
Basement - 01 Loads

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 14333 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 179162 VA = 179 KVA

Demand Load of of Public use Areas 1165 m2 x 37.5 VA/m2 = 43687 VA = 44 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 1006 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 48288 VA = 48 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 336 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 6385 VA = 6.5 KVA

Demand Load of Chillers & Pumps Areas 326 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 6194 VA = 6 KVA

Demand Load of Low Current Areas 32 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 608 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Basement - 02 = = 284 KVA >> 0.284 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

4
 Ground Floor Loads
Demand Load of Offices & Banks Areas 890 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 44500 VA = 44.5 KVA

Demand Load of Hyper Market Areas 2792 m2 x 170 VA/m2 = 474640 VA = 474.5 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5736 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 275328 VA = 276 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 28 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 532 VA = 0.5 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 803 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 10037.5 VA = 10 KVA

Demand Load of Cinemas Areas 1029 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 74088 VA = 74 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 4585 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 229250 VA = 230 KVA

Total demand load of Ground Floor = = 1110 KVA >> 1.1 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

5
 First Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices & Banks Areas 1440 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 72000 VA = 72 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 6600 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 316800 VA = 317 KVA

Demand Load of Recreational 1185 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 85320 VA = 85 KVA

Facilities Areas

Demand Load of Shops areas 1302 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 65100 VA = 65 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 230 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 2875 VA = 2.9 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 856 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 16264 VA = 16 KVA

Demand Load of
( 1708 x 0.2 x 828 ) + ( 1708 x 0.8 x 33 ) = 327936 VA = 328 KVA
Restaurants Areas

26 Electrical Load estimation

6
 Check for Restaurants Loads
o Our Calculated number is 328 KVA

o We Can get VA/m2 : ( 328 X 1000 ) / 1708 = 192 VA/m2

 AS per Siemens
Guide

o So we are in the Range .

Total demand load of First Floor = = 886 KVA >> 0.89 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

7
Second Floor Loads
Demand Load of Offices Areas 1504 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 75200 VA = 75.2 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5345m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 240525 VA = 241 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas ( 461 +70 ) m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 10089VA = 10 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 148 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 1850 VA = 1.9 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 1820 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 91000 VA = 91 KVA

Demand Load of
( 422 x 0.2 x 828 ) + ( 422 x 0.8 x 33 ) = 81024 VA = 81 KVA
Restaurants Areas

Demand Load of
( 1480 x 0.2 x 828 ) + ( 1480 x 0.8 x 33 ) = 284160 VA = 285 KVA
Coffee Shops Areas

Total demand load of Second Floor = = 785 KVA >> 0.79 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

8
 Third Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1428 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 71400 VA = 71.4 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 7955 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 381840 VA = 382 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 53 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 1007 VA = 1 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 898 m2 x 22 VA/m2 = 19756 VA = 20 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 1346 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 67300 VA = 67.3 KVA

Demand Load of
( 858 x 0.2 x 828 ) + ( 858 x 0.8 x 33 ) = 164736 VA = 165 KVA
Restaurants Areas

Total demand load of Third Floor = = 706.7 KVA >> 0.7 MVA

26 Electrical Load estimation

9
Check for Hotel Loads
 AS per BSRIA

o The demand load ( Include all loads ) = ( 2.1 /0.8 ) = 2.6 KVA Per bedroom .

o We have 23 bedrooms in this Floor

o The demand load ( Include all loads ) = 2.6 x 23 = 59.8 KVA .

o Our Calculated number for Lighting & Small power only is 20 KVA , which is
one third of the total load according to Bsria , This is Logical

27 Electrical Load estimation

0
Fourth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1548 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 77400 VA = 77.4 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5248 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 251904 VA = 252 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 2210 m2 x 22 VA/m2 = 48620 VA = 48.6 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 28 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 532 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Fourth Floor = = 379 KVA >> 0.38 MVA

27 Electrical Load estimation

1
Fifth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1398 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 69900 VA = 70 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 2198 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 100704 VA = 101 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 2439 m2 x 22 VA/m2 = 53658 VA = 54 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 27 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 513 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Fifth Floor = = 226 KVA >> 0.23 MVA

27 Electrical Load estimation

2
Sixth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1380 m2 x 50 VA/m2 = 6900 VA = 59 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 668 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 32064 VA = 32 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 31 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 589 VA = 0.6 KVA

Total demand load of Sixth Floor = = 91.6 KVA >> 0.092 MVA

27 Electrical Load estimation

3
Roof Floor Loads

Demand Load of Services Areas 265 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 12720 VA = 12.8 KVA

Demand Load of open Roof Areas 16117 m2 x 12.5 VA/m2 = 201462 VA = 202 KVA

Demand Load of open Area 2118 m2 x 2.7 VA/m2 = 5718.6 VA = 5.7 KVA
from ground to Roof

Total demand load of Roof Floor = = 220.5 KVA >> 0.22 MVA

27 Electrical Load estimation

4
 Total Loads of the Mall

 Total Loads of the Mall = 3400 + 1100 + 80 + 279 + 284 + 1110 + 886

+ 785 + 707 + 379 + 226 + 92 + 221 = 9549 KVA

Total Break down load estimation

of the Mall = 9549 KVA = 9.6 MVA

o This Value of the load can be more optimized in detailed design stage of the
project .

o The demand of ( Lighting + Power ) only = 9549 – 3400 – 1100 – 80 = 4969

KVA

27 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Solve the Project , if the project in Saudi
according to DPS
 Preliminary load estimation

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power + HVAC ) = ( 255 X 0.7 ) = 178.5 VA

27 Electrical Load estimation

6
 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power + Fans ) for Basement = ( 30 X 0.8 ) = 24 VA

27 Electrical Load estimation

7
o To get the Other mechanical loads ( i.e fire pump, water pump,
elevators….etc.)

o No Specific figure is given in the standard ( data from similar

previous projects), 1.75 VA/ft2

o So the value of mechanical Connected Load can be consider 1.75 * 11

o =
We19
willVA/m2 . a demand factor of 0.8 for the mechanical loads
assume

o So the value of mechanical loads demand Load can be consider 19 *

0.8 = 15 VA/m2 .

27 Electrical Load estimation

8
o To get the Miscellaneous equipment loads, we will go to IEEE
241 1990 – Section 2.2.9

o No Specific figure is given in the standard ( data from similar previous

projects and with comparing to the figure of the office building) ,

27 Electrical Load estimation

9
o So the value of Miscellaneous equipment Connected Load can be

consider 1.5 * 11 = 16 VA/m2 .

o We will assume a demand factor of 0.8 for the mechanical loads

o So the value of Miscellaneous equipment demand Load can be

consider = 16 x 0.8 = 13 VA/m2 .

28 Electrical Load estimation

0
 o To get the Kitchen loads, we will go to IEEE 241 1990 – Section 2.2.9 – Table 12

o In our project , there is no usage for the kitchen except for Hotel rooms
o But we don’t know more information about there locations and areas
and Restaurants

o It is enough in this project to

secure myself in Calculations to

take the Value of 300 KW which

enough to serve 1200 persons

o So the value of Kitchen

Connected Load can be consider

300 / 0.8 = 375 K VA/m2 .

28 Electrical Load estimation

1
 Demand Factors for Kitchen Equipment — Other Than Dwelling
Unit(s)

o So the value of Kitchen demand Load can be consider = 375 *

0.7 = 265 K VA/m2 .

28 Electrical Load estimation

2
o Total demand VA/m2 for178.5 + 15 + =
13206.5 VA/m2 .
mall =
o Kitchen Load = 265 KVA

Total Loads of the Mall

 Total Loads of the Mall = ( Mall Area x VA / m2 ) + Kitchen Load =

( ( 17300 + 17200 ) x 24 ) +

( (15900 + 13330 + 11250 + 12530 + 9035 + 6060 +2075 + 265 ) x 206.5 ) +265000 VA

= 828 KVA + 14547 KVA + 265 KVA = 15640 KVA = 15.6 MVA

28 Electrical Load estimation

3
  Break down load estimation

o we don’t take any values for the loads from Codes & standards except

o for Lighting
All MEP and Smalldo
departments Power
their .works in this stage , so you as an

electrical engineer should request their loads officially by email .

o We don’t take the building as Overall areas as we did in the previous

o Preliminary load floor

We divide every estimation
in the building into several applications and take from the

Standards the value of Lighting and small power only for each application , then we will

sum the loads for lighting and power for all applications in each floor

o Finally we will Sum all loads of the MEP departments to our lighting and

small power for all applications to get the Total demand load of the

28 Building
Electrical Load estimation
4
 Total Area of the Mall

o Total Area = Basements Areas + Upper Floor Areas

o Basement Areas = 17300 + 17200 = 34500 m2 .

o Upper Floor Areas = 15900 + 13330 + 11250 + 12530 + 9035

+ 6060 + 2075 + 265 = 70445 m2

o Total Area = 104945 m2

28 Electrical Load estimation

5
 Data from MEP departments for Building

o No data available for MEP Loads , so we will consider it as X MVA .

o The most important goal of this course is to know the concept of load estimation
according to many codes and Standards not the NUMBERS .

o The remaining loads are for Lighting and small power only for

all applications at all floors .

28 Electrical Load estimation

6
 VA/m2 for Indoor Parking Areas

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 30 X 0.8 = 24 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Public use Areas

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 50 X 0.75 = 37.5 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Services Areas

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 60 X 0.8 = 48 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Offices & Banks Areas

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 90 X 0.7 = 63 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Hyper Market

 VA/m2 for Shops
 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 75 X 0.7 = 52.5 VA/m2

28 Electrical Load estimation

7
 VA/m2 for Cinema
 VA/m2 for Recreational Facilities

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 90 X 0.8 = 72 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Restaurants
 VA/m2 for Coffee Shops

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 95 X 0.7 = 66.5 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Hotel

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 95 X 0.75 = 72 VA/m2

 VA/m2 for Open Areas

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 3 X 0.9 = 2.7 VA/m2

28 Electrical Load estimation

8
 VA/m2 for Utility Areas

 VA/m2 for Pumps Rooms Areas

 VA/m2 for Chillers & Pumps Areas

 VA/m2 for Low Current Areas

 AS per Siemens Guide

 Demand VA/m2 (Lighting + Power ) = 15 / 0.8 = 19 VA

28 Electrical Load estimation

9
29 Electrical Load estimation
0
29 Electrical Load estimation
1
Basement - 02 Loads

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 14173 m2 x 24 VA/m2 = 340152 VA = 340 KVA

Demand Load of of Public use Areas 1373 m2 x 37.5 VA/m2 = 51487 VA = 51.5 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 924 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 44352 VA = 44.5 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 38 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 725 VA = 0.725 KVA

Demand Load of Pumps Rooms 262 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 5035 VA = 5 KVA

Total demand load of Basement - 02 = = 441.7 KVA >> 0.44 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

2
Basement - 01 Loads

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 14333 m2 x 24 VA/m2 = 343992 VA = 344 KVA

Demand Load of of Public use Areas 1165 m2 x 37.5 VA/m2 = 43687 VA = 44 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 1006 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 48288 VA = 48 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 336 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 6385 VA = 6.5 KVA

Demand Load of Chillers & Pumps Areas 326 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 6194 VA = 6 KVA

Demand Load of Low Current Areas 32 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 608 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Basement - 02 = = 449 KVA >> 0.45 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

3
 Ground Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices & Banks Areas 890 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 56070 VA = 56 KVA

Demand Load of Hyper Market Areas 2792 m2 x 52.5 VA/m2 = 146580 VA = 146.6 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5736 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 275328 VA = 276 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 28 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 532 VA = 0.5 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 803 m2 x 24 VA/m2 = 19272 VA = 19 KVA

Demand Load of Cinemas Areas 1029 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 74088 VA = 74 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 4585 m2 x 52.5 VA/m2 = 240712.5 VA = 241 KVA

Total demand load of Ground Floor = = 813 KVA >> 0.8 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

4
 First Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices & Banks Areas 1440 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 90720 VA = 91 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 6600 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 316800 VA = 317 KVA

Demand Load of Recreational 1185 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 85320 VA = 85 KVA

Facilities Areas

Demand Load of Shops areas 1302 m2 x 52.5 VA/m2 = 68335 VA = 68.5 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 230 m2 x 24 VA/m2 = 5520 VA = 5.5 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 856 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 16264 VA = 16 KVA

Demand Load of Restaurants Areas 1708 m2 x 66.5 VA/m2 = 113582 VA = 113.5 KVA

Total demand load of First Floor = = 696.5 KVA >> 0.7MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

5
Second Floor Loads
Demand Load of Offices Areas 1504 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 94752 VA = 95 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5345m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 240525 VA = 241 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas ( 461 +70 ) m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 10089VA = 10 KVA

Demand Load of Indoor Parking 148 m2 x 24 VA/m2 = 3552 VA = 3.5 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 1820 m2 x 52.5 VA/m2 = 95550 VA = 95.5 KVA

Demand Load of Restaurants Areas 422 m2 x 66.5 VA/m2 = 28063 VA = 28 KVA

Demand Load of Coffee Shops Areas 1480 m2 x 66.5 VA/m2 = 98420 VA = 98.5 KVA

Total demand load of Second Floor = = 572 KVA >> 0.57 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

6
 Third Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1428 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 89964 VA = 90 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 7955 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 381840 VA = 382 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 53 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 1007 VA = 1 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 898 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 64656 VA = 64.5 KVA

Demand Load of Shops areas 1346 m2 x 52.5 VA/m2 = 70665 VA = 70.5 KVA

Demand Load of Restaurants Areas 858 m2 x 66.5 VA/m2 = 57057 VA = 57 KVA

Total demand load of Third Floor = = 665 KVA >> 0.67 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

7
Fourth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1548 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 97524 VA = 97.5 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 5248 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 251904 VA = 252 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 2210 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 159120 VA = 159 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 28 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 532 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Fourth Floor = = 510 KVA >> 0.5 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

8
Fifth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1398 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 88074 VA = 88 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 2198 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 100704 VA = 101 KVA

Demand Load of Hotel Areas 2439 m2 x 72 VA/m2 = 175608 VA = 175.5 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 27 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 513 VA = 0.5 KVA

Total demand load of Fifth Floor = = 365 KVA >> 0.37 MVA

29 Electrical Load estimation

9
Sixth Floor Loads

Demand Load of Offices Areas 1380 m2 x 63 VA/m2 = 86940 VA = 87 KVA

Demand Load of Services Areas 668 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 32064 VA = 32 KVA

Demand Load of Utility Areas 31 m2 x 19 VA/m2 = 589 VA = 0.6 KVA

Total demand load of Sixth Floor = = 120 KVA >> 0.12 MVA

30 Electrical Load estimation

0
Roof Floor Loads

Demand Load of Services Areas 265 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 12720 VA = 12.8 KVA

Demand Load of open Roof Areas 16117 m2 x 48 VA/m2 = 773616 VA = 773.6 KVA

Demand Load of open Area 2118 m2 x 2.7 VA/m2 = 5718.6 VA = 5.7 KVA
from ground to Roof

Total demand load of Roof Floor = = 792 KVA >> 0.79 MVA

30 Electrical Load estimation

1
Total Loads of the Mall

 Total Loads of the Mall = ( X ) KVA for MEP + 442 + 449 + 813 + 697
+ 572 + 665 + 510 + 365 + 120 + 792 = 5425 KVA + X KVA

Total Break down load estimation

of the Mall = 5425 KVA + ( X ) KVA for MEP

= 5.4 MVA + ( X ) MVA for MEP

o This Value of the load can be more optimized in detailed design stage of the
project .

o Important Note : the demand load for ( Lighting + power ) in Egyptian code solution
was 4969 KVA , This Make sense we are in the same write road and illustrate the
similarity between codes and standards .

30 Electrical Load estimation

2
 Hospitals

 Preliminary load estimation

 Solve the Project , if the project in Egypt and any country

follows NEC, IEEE , BSRIA & Siemens Guide

o To get the lighting load we will go to NEC

Table 220.12 :

30 Electrical Load estimation

3
o To get the General Purpose Receptacle load we will go to
IEEE 241 – Table 5 :

o So the value of Small Power demand Load can be consider 1 * 11 = 11

VA/m2 .

30 Electrical Load estimation

4
o To get the Miscellaneous equipment ( Medical equipment )
IEEE 241 – Table 13 :

o No fixed number is specified in the standard for these equipment , but the standard
illustrate some loads which should be estimated by the Medical Engineer

30 Electrical Load estimation

5
o To get the Air condition load , we will go to IEEE 241 1990 –
Section 2.2.3 - Table 7

o No Specific figure is given in the

standard, Comparing the figure given for

hotels (6VA/ft2) a figure of 8VA/ft2 can

be used to cater for higher fresh air

requirements.
o So the value of HVAC Connected Load can be consider 8 * 11 = 88
VA/m2 .
o There are no values for the demand factors of the HVAC Loads in the NEC ,

but we can get a value for it from Siemens Guide and Consider it 0.8 .

o So the value of HVAC demand Load

can be consider 88 X 0.8 = 70
VA/m2 .
30 Electrical Load estimation
6
o To get the Other mechanical loads ( i.e fire pump, water pump,
elevators….etc.)

o No Specific figure is given in the standard ( data from similar

previous projects), 1.75 VA/ft2

o So the value of mechanical Connected Load can be consider 1.75 * 11

o =
We19
willVA/m2 . a demand factor of 0.8 for the mechanical loads
assume

o So the value of mechanical loads demand Load can be consider 19 *

0.8 = 15 VA/m2 .

30 Electrical Load estimation

7
 o To get the Kitchen loads, we will go to IEEE 241 1990 – Section 2.2.9 – Table 12

o In our project , there is no usage for the kitchen except for Hotel rooms
o But we don’t know more information about there locations and areas
and Restaurants

o It is enough in this project to

secure myself in Calculations to

take the Value of 300 KW which

enough to serve 1200 persons

o So the value of Kitchen

Connected Load can be consider

300 / 0.8 = 375 K VA/m2 .

30 Electrical Load estimation

8
 Demand Factors for Kitchen Equipment — Other Than Dwelling
Unit(s)

o So the value of Kitchen demand Load can be consider = 375 *

0.7 = 265 K VA/m2 .

 Total Hospital demand load = (( 22+11+ 70+15 ) * Area ) +

Kitchen + Medical Loads = 118VA/m2 + Kitchen load + Medical

Loads
30 Electrical Load estimation
9
From BSRIA :

31 Electrical Load estimation

0
From Siemens
Guide:

31 Electrical Load estimation

1
 Solve the Project , if the project in Saudi
according to DPS

31 Electrical Load estimation

2
31 Electrical Load estimation
3
31 Electrical Load estimation
4