Weather and

Climate
John Reymon T. Santos
Teacher III - ALS
Lesson 1
• The most common explanation why your parents would have
chosen the set of clothes shown in each closet is that they have
years of experience and they know that it is almost always sunny
and dry from March to May. Meanwhile, it is almost always rainy
and cold from July to September. Our planet has a series of sunny
days and rainy days. These, in science, are called weather and
climate. More often than not, people interchange the words,
thinking that they have the same meaning. But, we will soon
discover that there is a way to describe Earth’s “days” and
“years.”
• The Earth is composed of layers of gases
called the atmosphere. These gases make life
possible by surrounding our planet for
thousands of kilometers. Examples of gases
in the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen,
argon, carbon dioxide, and others (hydrogen,
ozone, methane, and water vapor). As
mentioned earlier, the atmosphere is made
up of several layers extending to thousands
of kilometers. These are the troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere,
and exosphere. The temperature, thickness,
and composition (what it is made of) of each
layer are different. Figure 1.1. Gases in the
atmosphere. Figure 1.2. Layers of the
atmosphere. EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE
0-10 KM 10-30 KM 30-50 KM 50-400 KM >
400
Weather
• Weather is defined as the
state of the atmosphere at a
given time and place, with
respect to variables such as
temperature, moisture, wind
speed and direction, and
barometric pressure.
 Climate
• Climate is the long-term pattern of
weather in a particular area. Weather can
change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day,
month-to-month or even year-to-year. A
region's weather patterns, usually tracked
for at least 30 years, are considered its
climate.
 Tropical.

There are Dry.

approximately
Temperate.
five main
climate types Continental.
on Earth:
Polar.
Tropical climate
•Tropical climates are defined
by a monthly average
temperature of 18 °C (64 °F) or
higher in the coolest month,
featuring hot temperatures and
high humidity all year-round.
Annual precipitation is often
abundant in tropical climates,
and shows a seasonal rhythm
but may have seasonal dryness
to varying degrees.
 Bangladesh Myanmar
Bhutan Nepal
Brunei Papua New
•Tropical Asian Darussalam Guinea
countries Cambodia Philippine
India s Singapore
Indonesia Sri Lanka
Laos Thailand
Malaysia Viet Nam
Dry climate
•Regions lying within the dry
climate group occur where
precipitation is low. There are
two dry climate types: arid and
semiarid. Most arid climates
receive 10 to 30 centimeters
(four to 12 inches) of rain each
year, and semiarid climates
receive enough to support
extensive grasslands.
Temperate climate
•The temperate climates (C-
climates) are characterized by
an average temperature of
the coldest month between
−3°C and 18°C, and an
average temperature of the
warmest month above 10°C.
They dominate in the mid-
latitudes but may also occur
at higher elevations in lower
latitudes.
Common countries experiencing
Temperate climate.

• India.
• Countries of Europe.
• Middle East.
• North Africa.
• New Zealand.
• Canada.
• Japan.
• United States of America.
Continental Climate
•Areas with continental
climates have colder
winters, longer-lasting
snow, and shorter growing
seasons. They are the
transition zones between
mild and polar climates.
Continental climates
experience extreme
seasonal changes.
Countries experiencing Continental
Climate
• Most of northeastern China, eastern
and southeastern Europe, much of
Russia south of the Arctic Circle, central
and southeastern Canada, and the
central and northeastern United
States have this type of climate.
 Polar Climate
• A polar climate is a place where the
climate usually has a temperature below
freezing, is icy, and is covered with snow
most of the time. This is because polar
climates don't get direct sunlight like
other parts of the Earth. Polar climates
are usually dry and don't get much rain.
covers parts of
eight countries:
Canada,
Greenland,
Iceland, Norway,
Sweden, Finland,
Russia, and the
United States.
Climate Change
• Climate change refers to
long-term shifts in
temperatures and
weather patterns. Human
activities have been the
main driver of climate
change, primarily due to
the burning of fossil fuels
like coal, oil and gas.
Causes of climate
change
•Burning fossil fuels, cutting
down forests and farming
livestock are increasingly
influencing the climate and the
earth's temperature. This adds
enormous amounts of
greenhouse gases to those
naturally occurring in the
atmosphere, increasing the
greenhouse effect and global
warming.
Global warming
•Global warming results from
the increasing concentration of
carbon dioxide (CO2) and
other greenhouse gases that
trap heat in the earth's
atmosphere. This trapped
energy comes from incoming
solar radiation absorbed by
the earth's surface and re-
radiated back into the
atmosphere as infrared
energy.
Negative effects of Global warming
• Hotter temperatures. As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does
the global surface temperature. ...
• More severe storms. ...
• Increased drought. ...
• A warming, rising ocean. ...
• Loss of species. ...
• Not enough food. ...
• More health risks. ...
• Poverty and displacement.
Ways to reduce Global warming
1.Planting trees.
2.Creating more sustainable means of transportation, driving a fuel-
efficient vehicle.
3.Judicious use of electricity, power your home with renewable
energy.
4.Divest from the use of coal.
5.Advocate the importance of a healthy planet.
6.Reduce water waste.
7.Shrink your carbon profile.