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BI-Unit 2

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16 views

BI-Unit 2

Uploaded by

arvind.gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 2

Architecture of DW & BI
Contents

● BI and DW architectures and its types


● Relation between BI and DW
● OLAP (Online analytical processing) definitions
● Different OLAP Architectures
● Data Models
● Tools in Business Intelligence
● Role of DSS, EIS, MIS and digital Dashboards
● Need for Business Intelligence
● Difference between OLAP and OLTP
● Dimensional analysis
● What are cubes? Drill-down and roll-up - slice and dice or rotation
● OLAP models
● ROLAP versus MOLAP
● defining schemas: Stars, snowflakes and fact constellations.
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
DW
Introduction

Data ❏ A data warehouse is the foremost


Warehouse repository for the data available for
developing business intelligence
Is a
architectures and decision support
Relational ❏ systems.
The term data warehousing
Database indicates the whole set of
interrelated activities involved in
for designing, implementing and using a
❏ data warehouse
It contains historical
data
Query &
❏ It uses OLAP(online analytical
Analysis
processing) engine
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
DW
Features

It’s Key features are as Three main categories of


follows: data feeding into a data
● Subject-oriented, warehouse
● Integrated,
● Time-variant, • Internal Data – Back-office,
● nonvolatile front office, web-based
• External Data – Collected
from market survey, GIS etc.
• Personal Data – BI Analyst
will produce this data
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
Data Warehouse vs.
Operational DBMS

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)


Major Task of RDBMS
Day to day operations
Eg. Purchasing, inventory, banking etc.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)


Major Task of DW
Data Analysis & Decision Making

Distinct Features (OLTP Vs OLAP)


User & System Orientation: Year Vs Market
Data Content: Current Vs Historical
Database Design: ER Vs Star Schema
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
DW and BI
Architecture
s
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
OLTP Vs OLAP
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
Cubes & Multi-Dimensional Analysis
Unit
-II Cubes & Multi-Dimensional Analysis
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
Cubes & Multi-Dimensional Analysis

The multidimensional
representation is
based on a star
schema which
contains two types of
data tables:
○ dimension tables
eg. Customer,
Product, Supplier
etc.
Example of a Star schema
○ fact table eg.
Unit
-II The Architecture of DW
and BI
Cubes & Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Example of a
snowflake schema
Snowflake schema

● Snowflake Schema is a type of multidimensional model.


● It is used for data warehouse. In snowflake schema contains the fact
table, dimension tables and one or more than tables for each
dimension table.
● Snowflake schema is a normalized form of star schema which reduce
the redundancy and saves the significant storage.
● It is easy to operate because it has less number of joins between the
tables and in this simple and less complex query is used for accessing
the data from database.
Fact Constellation Schema:

● The fact constellation schema is also a type of multidimensional model.


● The fact constellation schema consists of dimension tables that are
shared by several fact tables.
● The fact constellation schema consists of more than one star schema at
a time.
● Unlike the snowflake schema, the planetarium schema is not really easy
to operate, as it has multiple numbers between tables.
● Unlike the snowflake schema, the constellation schema, in fact, uses
heavily complex queries to access data from the database.

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