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21 views48 pages

CHAPTER%202

Ghdsffghh

Uploaded by

Temesgen Erena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Starting System
Contents

 Starting system principles


 Starting motor construction
Starting System Principles

 The starting system uses battery power


and an electric motor to turn the engine
crankshaft for engine starting
Basic Starting System
 The ignition switch energizes the
solenoid
 The solenoid energizes the starting
motor
Components
 Battery
 source of energy
 Ignition switch
 allows driver to control operation
 Solenoid
 high current relay (switch)
 Starting motor
 high torque electric motor
Starting System Energized

 With the ignition key in the “start”


position, current flows through the
solenoid coil
 Magnetism closes the solenoid contacts,
connecting the battery to the starting
motor
 The motor turns the flywheel ring gear
Starting System
De-energized

 With the ignition key released to the “run”


position, no current flows to the solenoid
coil
 The solenoid contacts open, the starter
stops turning, and the starter gear moves
away from the flywheel
Starting Motor Fundamentals

 Converts electrical energy from the


battery to mechanical energy to crank
the engine
 Produces a turning force through the
interaction of magnetic fields inside the
motor assembly
Magnetic Field Action

 Made up of invisible lines of force


 Since like charges (fields) repel each
other and unlike charges (fields) attract
each other, magnetic fields can
produce motion
Magnetic Field Action
Simple Electric Motor
If a current-carrying winding is placed
inside a magnetic field, the winding
rotates away from the pole shoes
Commutator and Brushes

 Keep a motor turning by controlling the


current through the windings
 Together, they serve as a sliding
contact between battery power and the
windings
Cont.…

The commutator
reverses the electrical
connection when the
loop rotates around
Increasing Motor Power

 Several windings (loops of wire) and a


commutator with many segments are
used to increase motor power
 As the motor spins, many windings
contribute to the motion
Armature

 Supports the windings


 Increases the strength of each
winding’s magnetic field
Field Windings

 Stationary insulated wire wrapped in a


circular shape
 When current flows, the magnetic field
between the pole shoes becomes very
large
 This field acts against the armature’s
field, producing motion
Armature and
Field Windings
Starter Pinion Gear

 Small gear on the armature shaft


 Engages a large ring gear on the
engine flywheel
 Moves into and meshes with the
flywheel ring gear
Starter Pinion Gear
Part of the pinion drive mechanism
Overrunning Clutch

 Locks in one direction


 Releases in the other direction
 Allows the pinion gear to turn the
flywheel ring gear for starting
 Lets the pinion gear freewheel when
the engine starts
Cont.…

Locks the flange to


the pinion gear in
one direction and
releases in the other
direction
Overrunning Clutch Operation

Rollers jam and lock


in one direction and
release in the
other direction
Pinion Gear Assembly
Pinion gear assembly slides on the shaft
for engagement
Starter Solenoid

 An electromagnetic switch
 Makes an electrical connection
between the battery and the starting
motor
 Allows the low current ignition switch
circuit to control the high current
starting motor
Cont.…

Plunger movement
pulls the disc into
contact with two
battery terminals to
activate the starter
Solenoid Operation

 Low current flows through the windings


 The magnetic field pulls the solenoid
plunger and disc toward the windings
 The disc touches both of the high-
current terminals
 High current flows to the starter motor
Solenoid
Operation
Solenoid Functions

 Closes the battery-to-starter circuit


 Pushes the starter pinion gear into
mesh with the flywheel ring gear
 Bypasses the resistance wire in the
ignition circuit
Starting Motor
Construction

 Two types:
 movable pole shoe starting motor
 starter-mounted solenoid (starting motor
with solenoid)
Movable Pole Shoe Starting Motor

Uses a yoke
lever to move
the pinion gear
into contact with
the flywheel
Movable Pole Shoe Starting Motor

Magnetic field
pulls the pole shoe
downward,
causing gear
engagement as
the armature
starts to spin
Starter-Mounted Solenoid

Solenoid
plunger moves
a shift lever to
engage the
pinion gear
Starter-Mounted Solenoid

Solenoid
completes the
battery-to-starter
circuit
Solenoid
Operation
Permanent-Magnet Starter
Uses special high-strength magnets in
place of conventional field windings
Starting Motor Torque

 A starting motor must produce high


torque
 Difference in gear size between the
small pinion and large flywheel ring
gear increases turning torque
Reduction Starter
Extra gears further increase torque
Internal Motor Circuits
 Series-wound motor
 Shunt-wound motor
 Compound-wound motor
Series-Wound Motor
Develops maximum torque at initial start-
up and decreases as motor speed
increases
Shunt-Wound Motor

Produces less starting torque but more


constant torque at varying speeds
Compound-Wound Motor

Has both series and shunt windings and


produces good starting power and
constant operating speed
Neutral Safety Switch

 Prevents the engine from cranking


unless the shift selector is in neutral or
park
 Mounted on the shift lever or on the
transmission
Neutral Safety Switch

Wired in series
with the starter
solenoid
Starter Relay

 Opens or closes one circuit by


responding to an electrical signal from
another circuit
 Uses a small current from the ignition
switch to control a larger current
through the starter solenoid
 Reduces the load on the ignition switch
Starter Relay Operation

 Ignition switch is turned to “start”


 Current flows through the relay
windings
 Magnetism closes the relay contacts
 Contacts complete the circuit to the
solenoid windings, operating the starter
motor
Starting System Circuit
Common Problems on Starting
system
 No-crank problem
 crankshaft does not rotate
 Slow-cranking condition
 crankshaft rotates slower than normal
 Solenoid clicking
 caused by low battery or poor
connections
 Noises
 caused by overrunning clutch or flywheel
tooth wear
Thank You!

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