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T5 - Properties and Functions of Muscles

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18 views

T5 - Properties and Functions of Muscles

Uploaded by

adhirajverma689
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT - 7

Fundamentals of
Anatomy and Physiology
in sports.
TOPIC
• Meaning and Importance of Anatomy and Physiology in Sports
• Skeletal System
• Classification
• Types of Bones
• Types of Joints
• Functions
• Circulatory System
• Structure of heart
• Anatomy of Heart
• Types of Circulations
• Functions
• Respiratory System
• Structure of Respiratory System
• Respiration Process
• Functions
• Muscular System
• Types of Muscles
• Properties of Muscles
• Functions of Muscles
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
There are 630 active muscles present in the human body. Muscles provide
motility to the body.
Muscles occupy 40% of total body-weight. Generally, muscles bind with bones
with a strong fibrous substance which is known as Tendon.
It’s not possible to do a task with the help of only one muscle fiber, but to do a
task, a group of muscle fibres must be activated, which is called motor unit.
Every movement from heartbeat to completing a marathon takes place due to
contraction of the muscles.
There are basically three major types of muscle:
Voluntary Muscle/ Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle / Involuntary Muscle
Cardiac Muscle / Involuntary Muscle
TYPES OF MUSCLE
TYPES OF MUSCLE – SKELETAL MUSCLE
• Skeletal muscles comprise 40% of the body
weight.
• They are named so because they are attached to
the skeletal system.
• They are also called striated muscles as their
striations can be seen when observed under the
microscope.
• They are also known as voluntary muscles as they
are under conscious control of the brain. These
muscles work according to our will, and they are in
our control.
• They can contract very rapidly and forcefully but
they also tire very easily and require rest after short
periods of activity.
• They work under the control of central nervous
system. They occupy 23% weight in females and
40% weight in males.
TYPES OF MUSCLE – SMOOTH MUSCLE
• Smooth Muscle:
• Smooth muscles are small and spindle shape.
• They are called smooth muscles as their cells are not
striated.
• They are also called involuntary muscles as their
expansion or contraction is not under our control.
These are controlled by the ‘Autonomous nervous
system’, like intestinal muscles, etc.
• These muscles contract much more slowly as
compared to skeletal muscles.
• They are found mostly in hollow organs such as
stomach, urinary bladder and respiratory passages.
• Smooth muscles are also present in the eyes, where
their function is to change the size of the iris and alter
the shape of the lens; and in the skin where they cause
hair to stand erect in response to cold temperature or
fear.
TYPES OF MUSCLE – CARDIC MUSCLE

• Cardiac Muscle:
• Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart where
they form the walls of the heart.
• They are long and striated but not as clearly striated
as skeletal muscles.
• The rate of contraction of cardiac muscles is
intermediated between smooth and skeletal muscles.
• Cardiac muscles are also involuntary muscles as
their expansion and contraction is not under our
control.
PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES
• Elasticity: It is the ability of the muscle tissue to come to their former state or normal resting
length and shape after being stretched.
• Contractibility: Contractibility is the ability of muscle to contract by applying force. For
example, the arm muscles are compressed while lifting weight or push-ups or chin-ups and the
abdominal muscles are compressed while bending forward. Due to this attribute the action is
completed.
• Excitability: This trait causes stimulation as a result of the stimulus response in the muscles.
Just as the muscle is stimulated by punching, we feel pain.
• Extensibility: It is the ability of the muscle to be stretched or extended. In fact muscles fibers
shorten while contracting, but they can be stretched even beyond their resting length when
relaxed. If muscle tissue could not stretch, we would not have the mobility or range of motion
we have.
• Adaptability: It is the ability of muscle that it can be changed in response to how it is used. For
example, muscle will enlarge or undergo hypertrophy with increased work but on the other hand
it can go in atrophy if deprived of work.
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES
• Movement: Muscles give rigidity to our body. Skeletal muscles can yank and pull on the
bones in the skeleton, resulting in body movements such as walking, chewing, running,
lifting and manipulating objects with our hands.
• Maintenance of posture: Muscles generate a constant contractile force that allows us to
maintain an erect position or posture, without much conscious control.
• Heat generation: Contraction of muscle tissue generates heat, which is essential for
maintenance of temperature or homeostasis.
• Respiration: Our muscular system automatically drives movement of air into and out of our
body.
• Constriction of organs and blood vessels: Nutrients move through our digestive tract,
urine is passed out of the body, and secretions are propelled out of glands by contraction of
smooth muscles.
• Pumping blood: Blood moves through the blood vessels because our heart tirelessly
receives blood and delivers it to all body tissue and organs.
THANK YOU

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