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1 Probability Intro

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5 views

1 Probability Intro

Yes

Uploaded by

jakeivanhalasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability:

A Review
Definition of terms
Statistical Experiment – is an
experiment that generates data.
Sample Space – set of all outcomes of
an experiment.
Sample point – refers to each
outcome in the sample space.
Event – a subset of the sample space,
denoted by capital letters.
Example:
Example: A fair coin is tossed
three times and the sequence of
heads (H) and tails (T) is observed.
List the outcomes of the
experiment.
Example: Use a tree
diagram to find the sample
space for the gender of the
three children in a family.
Probability – a chance of an event
occurring.

3 Interpretations of probability:
- Classical probability
- Empirical or relative frequency
probability
- Subjective probability
Subjective Probability
Uses a probability value based on
an educated guess or estimate,
employing opinions and inexact
information.
It is a personal assessment of the
likelihood of an event happening,
based on an individual's beliefs,
experiences, and feelings.
Classical Probability
- Uses sample spaces to determine the
numerical probability that an even will
happen.
Example:
Probability of getting a head (or
tail) in tossing a coin.

Probability of getting a 2 dots in


rolling a die.

Probabilityof drawing a king in a


deck of cards.
Empirical Probability
- Relies on actual experience to
determine the likelihood of an
outcome.
Example:
A coin is tossed and a die is rolled.

a. Find the number of outcomes for the


sequence of events.
b. Find the probability that the coin falls
head and an even number of dots on
the die.
Example:
Distribution of Blood Types
There are four blood types, A, B,
AB, and O. Blood can also be Rh+
and Rh-. Finally, a blood donor can
be classified as either a male or
female. How many ways can a
donor have his or her blood type
labeled?
Random
Variables
Learning Objectives:

Illustratea random variable.


Distinguish between discrete
random variable and continuous
random variable.
Finds the possible values of a
random variable.
Random Variable – A function
whose value is a real number
determined by each element in the
sample space. We use capital
letters, say X, to denote a random
variable and its corresponding
small letter, say x, for one of its
values.
Example 1. In an experiment of
tossing a coin three times, list the
possible outcomes and value x of
the random variable X, where X is
the number of heads that fall.
Example 2: Two balls are drawn
in succession without
replacement from an urn
containing 4 red balls and 3 black
balls. The possible outcomes and
the values of y for a random
variable Y is the number of red
balls are,
Example 3. A disposable
flashlight is turned on until its
battery runs out. Let the random
variable Z denote the length (in
hours) of the life of the battery.
What are the values that Z
assume?

Answer:
Two Types of Random
Variable:
Discrete random variable
– represents count data.

Continuous random
variables – represents
measured data.
Example: Classify the following random variables as
discrete or continuous.

1. The time it takes for a randomly selected customer to


complete a purchase in a store.
2. The total distance traveled by a randomly chosen car in a
day.
3. The number of customers entering a grocery store in the
next hour.
4. The height of a randomly selected adult male.
5. The amount of rainfall in a city in the next month.
6. The score of a randomly selected student on a test.
7. The number of goals scored in a soccer match.
8. The number of red M&M candies in a bag.
9. The speed of a car on a highway.
10.The number of books checked out per day from a library.

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