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Herren_Ch04_PPT

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5 views

Herren_Ch04_PPT

Uploaded by

Abdus Sobhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plant Structures and Their Uses

Chapter 4
Introduction
• All life as we know it on Earth is dependent
on plants
• Without plants, the atmosphere of our
planet would not have the oxygen required
to support animal life
Introduction
• Plants are essential for food, fiber, and
erosion control
• Like animals, plants have different parts
that serve different functions
Stems
OVERVIEW
• Support the plant
• Provide a means of moving nutrients
• Tree trunks
• Winding vines
Stems
PARTS OF THE STEM
• Terminal tip
• Contains bud for next season’s growth
• Structures at nodes
• Leaf scars
• Axillary buds
Stems
PARTS OF THE STEM
• Xylem and phloem
• Xylem carries water and nutrients absorbed by
the roots to the leaves
• Phloem carries sugars manufactured in the
leaves to roots
Stems
USES OF STEM
• Used extensively
for food
• Celery
• Rhubarb
• Asparagus
• Potatoes
Stems
USES OF STEM
• Also used for animal feed
• Alfalfa
• Corn stalks
• Sorghum stalks
• Silage
Leaves
OVERVIEW
• Provide green color in spring
• Change to reds, yellows, and browns in
autumn
• Used to identify plants
• Alternate, opposite, or whorled patterns
Leaves
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Manufacture of food
(nutrients) from sunlight
• Plant growth
• Maintenance
• Reproduction
• Form of sugars, carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins
Leaves
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Nutrients are stored in leaves
• Humans also eat the leaves of plants
• Cabbage
• Mustard
• Lettuce
• Spinach
Flowers
OVERVIEW
• Reproductive organs for many plants
• Some plants reproduce asexually
• Most species have both male and female
parts in the same flower
• Some species have male flowers and female
flowers on one plant
Flowers
BASIC FLOWER PARTS
• Female part (pistil)
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
• Produces eggs
Flowers
BASIC FLOWER PARTS
• Male part (stamen)
• Contains the anther filament
• Pollen produced by the stamen fertilizes flower
eggs
• Pollen carried by insects, the wind, or in some
cases, animals
Flowers
ATTRACTING INSECTS
• Brilliantly colored flower petals
• Flower secrete a sweet fluid
• Nectar
• Insects use it for food
• Pollination
• Body parts of insects transport pollen
Flowers
HONEYBEES
• Particularly adept at pollinating
• Works flowers for several days
• Ensures blossom is pollinated
• Beekeepers
• Bring in bees in the spring
Seeds
OVERVIEW
• Generally result from the flowers on plants
• Part of the reproductive process of the
plant
• Most plants begin
growth from seeds
Seeds
PRODUCTION OF SEEDS
• One of the most important links in the
agricultural industry
• Breads and cereal
• Cooking oil
• Snack foods
Seeds
OTHER USES FOR SEEDS
• Beverages
• Oils and dryers in paints and wood finishes
• Used in the manufacture of products
• Often encased in a fruit that is eaten
• Plums
• Squash
• Watermelon
Roots
TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS
• Support the plant
• Take in water and
nutrients from the soil
• At least as extensive as
its stems and leaves
Roots
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF ROOTS
• Fibrous roots
• Many tiny roots
• Tap roots
• Very large tough roots
• Reach deep into the earth
Roots
FOUR MAIN TYPES OF ROOTS
• Adventitious roots
• Usually occur on plants with fibrous or taproot
systems
• Aerial roots
• Common in wet areas
• Obtain water directly from the air
Roots
IMPORTANCE OF ROOTS TO HUMANS
• Slow down or stop erosion
• Sources of food and fiber
• Absorb carbon dioxide
• Give off oxygen
• Water vapor released through transpiration
has a cooling effect
Summary
• Plants have always been used by people to
eat, build shelter, and make clothing
• Almost all of agriculture is involved with
plants
• Without plants and their various uses,
people would have a difficult time existing
• Agriculture has improved plants that were
once found in the wild

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