Scribd
Upload
27 views4 pages

Fundamentals

Uploaded by

safwanz2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views4 pages

Fundamentals

Uploaded by

safwanz2000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Fundamentals of natural gas processing

Fundamentals of natural gas processing: Gas treat


•Purification processes:
• Acid gas removal processes: Figure 10.1
summarizes some commercially available
methods and groups them into the generally
accepted categories.
• Important considerations:
• Type and concentration of impurities and
hydrocarbon composition of the sour gas.
• Temperature and pressure at which the
sour gas is processed.
• Specifications for the outlet gas, the acid
gas, and liquid products.
•Chemical absorption processes: In solvent absorption,
the two major cost factors are the solvent circulation
rate, which affects both equipment size and operating
costs, and the energy requirement for regenerating the
solvent per quantity of acid gas removed.
• Amines: Amines are compounds formed from
ammonia (NH3) by replacing one or more of the
hydrogen atoms with another hydrocarbon
group.
• Primary amines: Most reactive. The
replacement of a single hydrogen atom
produces a primary amine.
•Common amines:
• Monoethanolamine (MEA): is a primary amine. It is the
strongest base of the amines used in gas treating and
thus the most reactive for acid gas removal. It has the
advantage of a high solution capacity at moderate
concentrations and is generally used for gas streams
with moderate levels of CO2 and H2S when complete
removal of both impurities is desired.
• Diethanolamine: DEA, a secondary amine, is a weaker
base and less reactive than MEA. Compared with MEA,
it has a lower vapor pressure and thus, lower
evaporation losses. It can operate at higher acid gas
loadings.
• Methyldiethanolamine: MDEA, a tertiary amine, can
be used to selectively remove H2S to pipeline
specifications while “slipping” some of the CO2. As
noted previously, the CO2 slippage occurs because H2S
hydrolysis is much faster than that for CO2, and the
carbamate formation reaction does not occur with a
tertiary amine.
•Operation considerations:
• Corrosion:
• Stainless steel: To prevent corrosion, a number of
measures are often taken but using stainless steel
for wetted parts is often the most cost effective.
• Carbon steel: Carbon steel piping and equipment
in amine systems often form a thin oxide or sulfide
layer, which helps protect the steel from further
corrosion. Lowering the rich amine fluid velocity is
often effective in helping to maintain this
protective layer. The type of layer formed is
thought to be a function of the relative amount of
H2S and CO2 in the system. In general, higher
amounts of CO2 promote the formation of an
oxide layer and above a certain H2S level, a stable
sulfide layer is formed.
• Solution foaming: Foaming of the liquid amine solution
is a major problem because it causes poor solution
distribution and increased solution holdup with
resulting carryover and off spec gas. The best remedy
to foaming is to have properly designed and operating
inlet separators and filters to remove the offending
materials.

You might also like