INFO 6117-Health Systems Administration

Week 8: Health Information Management: Data,

Information and Integrity

No associated textbook chapter

Today’s Objectives:
Define Information Management (IM)
and its relevant principles
Outline the important components of
data integrity and health information
systems.
Discuss the important features of data
integrity to quality health outcomes.
What is Information Management?

the acquisition of information

Information from one or more sources,
management (IM) concerns a the custodianship and the and its ultimate disposition
cycle of organizational distribution of through archiving or deletion.
activity: that information to those who
need it;
Ten Principles of IM
 Recognize (and  Provide strong leadership
manage) complexity  Mitigate risks
 Focus on adaptation  Communicate extensively
 Deliver tangible and  Aim to deliver a seamless
visible benefits user experience
 Prioritise according to  Choose the first project
business needs very
 Take a journey of 1000 carefully
steps
Data, Information, Knowledge,
Wisdom Hierarchy (DIKW):
• A collection of an
organized body of
information. Derived
• Representing when information is
Data Knowledge
information and facts organized, analyzed and
synthesized but shaped
by existing perceptions
and experiences.

• When data are

Information processed to reveal Wisdom
• The trait of utilizing
meaning knowledge and
experience with common
sense and integrity.
 Data quality depends on addressing
four key challenges:

Data
Technology People Process Content
Quality
Types of Health Care Data:
 Many types of data are Demographic:
collected and used in • Personal data information elements
the Canadian health
Clinical:
care industry.
• Recorded by the service provider regarding
 Data is used by many an encounter
organizations and Coded:
agencies for multiple • Based on standards, guidelines
purposes. and classification systems.

 Some types of health Financial and Statistical:

• MIS standardized framework for collecting
care data include: day to day
Data Quality (Source: CIHI):
 Assessment of data Accuracy
quality is • Degree to which information in or derived from a database or registry reflects

measured by five the reality it was designed to measure

Timeliness
major • The currency of the data at the time of release, determined by measuring the
characteristics. gap between the end of the reference period to which the data pertain and
the data on which the data became available to the users
 Each is made up of Comparability
its own criteria. • The extent to which databases are consistent over time and use standard
conventions, making them similar to other databases

 This is used by Usability

WHO, CIHI and • The ease with which a database or registry’s data may be understood and
accessed
many other Relevance
organizations. • The degree to which a database or registry meets the current and potential
future needs of users
Data Integrity:
• Focuses on ensuring that data Changing
Session
are free of inconsistencies encryption
default
passwords
and anomalies.
• Security principle that protects
information from being modified Setting up Changing
or otherwise corrupted. session
logs
default
paths

• Built on the perspective that data

is treated as a valuable asset.
• Data security involves important
safeguards as follows: Setting up
auditing
Applying
latest
logs patches

Securing
with proper
access
 Integrity versus Quality
• Data integrity accuracy,
consistency, and reliability of
data
• ensures that data remains
unaltered and free from corruption

• Data quality fitness for use of

data
• focuses on attributes like accuracy,
completeness, consistency,
relevance, and timeliness of data
Challenges with LOW Data Quality

1. Technology
2. People
3. Process
4. Content
Producing high quality data:
• Data quality depends on
having: Data quality
• Wide range of policies and studies
procedures in place
• Reduce unnecessary
information (duplication) Data quality Re-abstraction
studies
• Regular quality control check- committees
ups
• Clear definition of data
elements
• Up to date training
Comparing Recoding
• Frequent feedback to data coding health record
collectors and users
Health Information Systems:

Health information
analyze data to convert data into
systems collect data
ensure their overall information for health-
from health sector
quality, relevance and related decision-
and other relevant
timeliness, making
sectors,
World Health Organization – 2008 HIS Report

Provides the underpinnings for decision-

making and has four key functions:

1. Data generation
2. Compilation
3. Analysis and synthesis
4. Communication and use
World Health Organization – 2008 HIS Report
Date Generation

• WHO collects data from a variety of sources, including

member states, health surveys, research studies, and
health information systems.

• Data includes information on disease prevalence,

mortality rates, health service coverage, risk factors, and
health system performance
World Health Organization – 2008 HIS Report
Compilation
• Collected data is aggregated to provide a comprehensive
picture of health trends and issues globally, regionally, and
nationally.

• WHO compiles data into databases and repositories for easy

access and analysis

• Validation processes to ensure the accuracy and reliability of

the compiled data.

• Quality control measures include cross-referencing data

sources and checking for inconsistencies.
World Health Organization – 2008 HIS Report
Analysis and Synthesis

• WHO analyzes data to identify trends, patterns, and

emerging health issues.

• This involves statistical analysis, epidemiological

modeling, and comparative assessments.
World Health Organization – 2008 HIS Report
Communication and use
•WHO disseminates its findings through reports, publications,
and online platforms.

•Based on synthesized data and analysis, WHO provides

policy recommendations to member states and other
stakeholders.

•These recommendations guide the development and

implementation of health policies, programs, and interventions.
Health planners and decision-makers
need different kinds of information:

Inputs to the health system and

Health determinants (socio-
related processes including policy and
economic, environmental
organization, health infrastructure,
behavioural, genetic factors) and the
facilities and equipment, costs,
contextual environments within which
human and financial resources,
the health system operates
health information systems;
Health planners and decision-makers
need different kinds of information ctd:

Performance or outputs of the health

system such as availability,
accessibility, quality and use of health Health outcomes (mortality, morbidity,
information and services, disease outbreaks, health status,
responsiveness of the system to user disability, wellbeing)
needs, and financial risk protection
Health planners and decision-makers
need different kinds of information ctd:

coverage of use of
Health inequities, in services, and health
terms of determinants, outcomes,

and including key

stratifiers such as sex,
socio-economic status,
ethnic group,
geographic location etc.
Use of HIS
Individual

Public Health Health

Surveillance Facility

Population
 Health information system performance
can be grouped into two broad types:
Indicators related to data generation-
using core sources and methods (health
surveys, civil registration, census, facility
reporting, health system resource
tracking)

Indicators related to country capacities

for synthesis, analysis and validation of
data
Health indicators and metrics:
Health indicators: Health metrics:
• are measures that are •are more detailed measures
reported on regularly and that track specific aspects of an
that provide relevant and organization or health system’s
actionable information performance
about population health
and/or health system
performance and
characteristics
• can provide comparable
information, as well as
track progress and
performance over time
 Health Indicators- CIHI

• CIHI: Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)

• provides comparable and actionable data and information used to

accelerate improvements in health care, health system
performance and population health across Canada
• stakeholders use health system databases, measurements and
standards in decision-making processes
• protects privacy of Canadians by ensuring confidentiality and
integrity of the health care information
CIHI- Health
Systems
Performance
Measurements
 Health Indicators- Ontario Health
• OH: Ontario Health

• Oversees health care planning and delivery across Ontario to build a

person-centred health care system
• measures and reports on how the health system is performing
• oversee delivery and quality of clinical care services, including cancer,
renal, cardiac, palliative, mental health and addictions services
• managing funding and accountability for parts of the health system
• creating services that will give patients and health care providers more
complete health information
• setting quality standards and developing evidence-based guidelines to
improve clinical care
Health Info-Structure

Development and adoption of modern systems

of information and communications
technologies (ICTs) in the Canadian health care
system
Health Info-Structure - Purpose

Allow the people of Canada

(the general public, patients
assist them to make informed
and caregivers, as well as
to communicate with each decisions about their own
health care providers, health
other and health, the health of others,
managers, health
and Canada's health system.
policymakers and health
researchers)
Health Info-structure - Goals

Continue to Greater and more

Improved system
improve patient consistent
sustainability
safety access to health
services
Key Priorities of Health Info-Structure

Unlock additional
Ensure the baseline quality and safety Trial and perfect
EHR and public benefits by enabling Enable public Facilitate more advanced
health info-structure decision support visibility into wait improvements in functionalities to
are in place across and communication times. patient self- meet high-priority
the country. across the care care. system needs.
continuum.
Media (CIHI’s
Health System • https://www.youtube.co
Insight)
m/wa
tch?v=vuzWEzCV hQk
 Summary:
• Data is collected and used by individuals and organizations for many purposes.
• Data can translate into critical information so it should be protected as an asset.
• DIKW hierarchy forms the foundation of the pathway leading to information, knowledge
and wisdom.
• Producing high quality data involves: accuracy, timeliness, comparability, usability and
relevance.
• Data integrity relies on addressing processes to ensure that information is not
modified, corrupted, accidentally damaged or stolen.
• Data integrity is protected by database security safeguards.
• Health information structure is not only important for communication but is essential
to improve safety, access and sustainability of our health care system.
Thank You/Questions?
Next Class:

Focus: Research Overview