BASIC GEOMETRY

POINTS, LINES AND ANGLES

WHAT WE WILL COVER:
 In geometry, we study shapes, relative

positions of figures and properties of space. In

this chapter we will be taking a close look at
geometry focusing on:
 Points

 Lines

 Types of angles
POINTS AND LINES
POINTS:

 The most basic geometric figure is a point. All other

geometric figures are made up of a collection of points.

 A point has a position but it has neither size nor shape.

 We use a dot or a cross to mark the position of a point.

 We normally use capital letters to name points. For

example:
×
Point A Point B
POINTS AND LINES
LINES:
….

 When we join two points A and B together, a straight

line segment AB is formed. A and B are

called endpoints.
A B

 If we extend the line segment AB in both directions

indefinitely we get a line.

A B
POINTS, LINES AND PLANES
LINES:
….

 Sometimes an arrow is drawn at each end of the line to

indicate that the line continues indefinitely.

A B

 If a line extends in one direction only and has an

endpoint at its other end, this is known as a ray.

A B
POINTS AND LINES
INTERSECTING LINES:
….

 When two lines meet at a common point, we say that

these lines are intersecting. The point at which they meet

is knows as the point of intersection.
A C

D B

POINT OF
INTERSECTION
ANGLES
….

• When two rays (OB and OA) share a common point, an

angle is formed.
• The point where these two rays meet is known as the vertex.
• The standard unit for measuring angles is the degree.

ANGLE

O A

VERTEX
TYPES OF ANGLES
ACUTE ANGLE:
…

Real-life
Name Definition Illustration example

Acute Angle
i.e.
is between 𝑥°
and
TYPES OF ANGLES
RIGHT ANGLE:
…

Real-life
Name Definition Illustration example

Right Angle
i.e.
is equal to
𝑥°
 TYPES OF ANGLES
OBTUSE ANGLE:
…

Real-life example
Name Definition Illustration

9
Obtuse
Angle i.e.
is between 𝑥°
and
 TYPES OF ANGLES
REFLEX ANGLE:
…

Real-life
Name Definition Illustration example

18
Reflex Angle
i.e. 𝑥°
is between and
𝑥°
NAMING ANGLES:
….

There are a two ways in which we name angles.

In primary school you learnt how to name angles using the
three letter system.

C
A
This angle can be named as
angle or .
2 3
1 D
F 4 With the 3 letter system, we
B
put a kappie - ^ on the letter
E whose angle we are referring
to.
NAMING ANGLES:
….

In high school we prefer you to use a new method of naming

angles, this method is known as the one letter system.

C With the one letter system,

A
this angle can also be named as

angle .
2 3
1 D
F 4 - With the 1 letter system, we
B
put a kappie - ^ on the letter
E whose angle we are referring
to,
- as well as the number of the
angle
….
PERPENDICULAR LINES:
• The figure alongside shows line AB and CD
intersecting at right angles.
• We say that AB and CD are perpendicular to each
other.
A
• We can indicate lines that are perpendicular
without a diagram by writing
AB CD
C D

B
COMPLEMENTARY AND
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
Two angles are known as complementary angles if they add up to

0
25
0
65

Two angles are known as supplementary angles if they add up to

0
40
0 140
COMPLEMENTARY AND
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
….

Find the complementary angle of each of the

following angles:

Find the supplementary angle of each of the

following angles:
a)
b)
c)
ADJACENT ANGLES
Adjacent angles are angles which:
 Share a common vertex
 Share a common arm
 Lie on opposite sides of the common arm.
Common
arm

Common vertex
ADJACENT ANGLES ON A
STRAIGHT LINE
The sum of the adjacent angles on a straight line
are equal to .

b
a c

a+b+c= angles on a strt. line =

ADJACENT ANGLES ON A
STRAIGHT LINE
When calculating angles in geometry we are ALWAYS
required to supply a statement and a reason.

When working with adjacent angles on a straight line

we can use the following abbreviated reasons:

• Sum angles on strt line

• Adj angles on strt line
• Angles on a strt line =
ADJACENT ANGLES ON A
STRAIGHT LINE
The sum of the adjacent angles on a straight
line are equal to .
ADJACENT ANGLES ON A
STRAIGHT LINE
ANGLES AT A POINT
The sum of the angles at a point are equal to
.

b
a c
d

a+b+c+d= angles at a point =

ANGLES AT A POINT
The sum of the angles at a point are equal to
.
When working with angles at a point we can use the
following abbreviated reasons:

• Angles at a point
• Angles in a revolution
ANGLES AT A POINT
ANGLES AT A POINT
 VERTICALLY OPPOSITE
ANGLES
 When two lines intersect, the angles which are
opposite each other are called vertically opposite
angles.
 Vertically opposite angles are always equal to each
other.
 Vertically opposite angles make an shape.

d a=c vert opp angles =

a c
b b=d vert opp angles =
VERTICALLY OPPOSITE
ANGLES
VERTICALLY OPPOSITE
ANGLES
VERTICALLY OPPOSITE
ANGLES
VERTICALLY OPPOSITE
ANGLES
9a) Given that AOB and COD are straight

lines, find the values of the

unknown(s) in
the following figure,
9b) Given that AOB and COD are straight

lines, find the values of the

unknown(s) in
the following figure,
12a) Given that AOB and COD are
straight
lines, find the values of the
unknown(s) in
the following figure,
12b) Given that AOB and COD are
straight
lines, find the values of the
unknown(s) in
the following figure,
12c) Given that AOB and COD are
straight
lines, find the values of the
unknown(s) in
the following figure,
12d) Given that AOB and COD are
straight
lines, find the values of the
unknown(s) in
the following figure,