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Cancer and the Cell Theory

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Sherwin Ambito
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6 views

Cancer and the Cell Theory

Uploaded by

Sherwin Ambito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Good

Morning !
Motivational Activity
INSTRUCTION:
Your PSTs will pick a paper inside the box.
The name written on the chosen paper, will
act out (should not speak or write) the word
that he/she picked on the other box. As
he/she was acting out, his/her
classmate will guess the word.
Motivational Activity
The one who knows the answer should
raise his/her hand to recognize. The
student who guess the word
automatically got 2 points, as well as the
student who act out the word. If he/she
can’t guess the word
after 1 minute, the student
who act out could gain 1 point.
CANCand
ER
The Cell Cycle
Learning Objectives:
• explain the importance of
studying processes involved in
the development of cancer as
well as strategies in treating
cancer;

• compare and contrast cancer


cells from normal cells and proto-
Learning Objectives:
• show importance on how to take
good care of the body.
CANCand
ER
The Cell Cycle
What happens
when there are
errors in the cell
cycle control
mechanisms?
Cancer comprises many
different diseases
caused by a common
mechanism:
uncontrolled cell
growth.
Despite the redundancy
and overlapping levels
of cell cycle control,
errors do occur.
Small uncorrected
errors are passed from
the parent cell to the
daughter cells.
If changes to the DNA
nucleotide sequence
occur within a coding
portion of a gene and
are not corrected, a
gene mutation results.
Mutations in
somatic cells
can lead to
Uncontrolled growth of
the mutated cells
outpaces the growth of
normal cells in the area,
and a TUMOR can
result.
a) Proto-
oncogenes
b)Tumor
Suppressor
Genes
The genes that code for the
positive cell cycle
regulators are called
PROTO-ONCOGENES. Proto-
oncogenes are normal
genes that, when mutated
ONCOGENES, are
genes that cause a
cell to become
cancerous.
When a mutation that
allows CDK to be
activated without being
partnered with cyclin
could push the cell cycle
past a checkpoint before
What might
happen to the cell
cycle in a cell with
a recently acquired
oncogene?
What might happen to the cell cycle
in a cell with a recently acquired
oncogene?
In most instances, the
alteration of the DNA
sequence will result in a
less functional (or non-
functional) protein.
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR
GENES are segments of
DNA that code for negative
regulator proteins, the type
of regulators that, when
activated, can prevent the
cell from undergoing
Factors that triggers mutation in a
cell:
 UV Radiation
 Chemical exposure
 Cigarette smoke
 Pollution
 Heat
Cancer treatment options
include :
Surgery The goal of surgery is to
remove the cancer or as much of
the cancer as possible.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill
cancer cells.
Radiation therapy uses high-
powered energy beams, such as X-
rays or protons, to kill cancer cells.
Bone marrow transplant
also known as a stem
cell transplant, can use
your own bone marrow
stem cells or those from
a donor.
Radiofrequency ablation This
treatment uses
electrical energy to
heat cancer cells,
causing them to
die.
APPLICATIO
N: In a ½ sheet of paper (crosswise),
differentiate the following briefly.

Normal Cells vs. Cancerous Cells

Tumor Suppressor Gene vs. Mutated


Tumor Suppressor Gene
EVALUATION:
In a ¼ sheet of paper, answer the following
question. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1). Comprises many different diseases


caused by a common mechanism:
uncontrolled cell growth.

a. Genes
b. Cancer
c. Tumor
d. Mutation
2). Are segments of DNA that code for
negative regulator proteins.

a. Proto-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. p53
d. Tumor Suppressor Genes

3). Uncontrolled growth of the mutated cells


outpaces the growth of normal cells in the
area, can result ______.
a. Mutations
b. Cancer
c. Tumor
d. Apoptosis

4). Are genes that cause a cell to become


cancerous.

e. Oncogenes b. Proto-oncogenes
c. Mutated p53 d. genome
5). The genes that code for the positive cell
cycle regulators are called ________.

a. Tumor Suppressor Genes b. p53


c. Proto-oncogenes d. DNA

6). _____in somatic cells can lead to cancer.

b. Uncontrolled cell growth b. damage


c. Mutations d. genes
7). Small uncorrected errors are passed from
the ______to the ________.

a. G1 to S phase
b. Cdk to Cyclin
c. G1 to checkpoints
d. Parent cell to daughter cells
8). The following are the negative regulator
proteins except one.

a. Retinoblastoma protein
b. p53
c. Cdk
d. p21

9-10). Give at least 2 factors that triggers


mutation in a cell
ASSIGNMEN
T:
After studying the
processes involved in the
development of cancer,
what practices should
you do now in order to
prevent this type of

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