Course: Basic Fire Fighting

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Basic Fire Fighting Course | 2

Course Outline

Module Description
Module 1 Introduction
Module 2 Safety First
Module 3 Fire Prevention
Module 4 Principles of Fire
Module 5 Fire Fighting Equipment
Module 6 Basic Fire Fighting Procedures
Module 7 Self Rescue Techniques
Written Assessment
Q&A

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Module 1 – Introduction

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Module 1 – Introduction | 4

Breaking the Ice

• Introduce yourself by stating:

a) Your Name
b) Company and Department
c) Have you attended Fire Fighting Training before? If yes, how
long ago?
d) What do you intend to take away from the training today?

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Module 1 – Introduction | 5

House Rules

• Turn handphones to silent mode

• Be here – participate!
• Stay focused
• We invite all ideas

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Module 2 – Safety First

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 Module 2 – Safety First | 7

Total Safety Culture

Total Safety Culture requires continuous attention in 3 areas:

PERSON ENVIRONMENT
Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, Equipment, Tools, Machines,
Intelligence, Motives, SAFETY Housekeeping, Climate,
Attitude, Personality Management Systems
CULTURE

BEHAVIOR
Putting on PPE, Lifting properly, Following procedures,
Locking out power, Cleaning up spills,
Sweeping floors, Coaching peers

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Module 2 – Safety First | 8

Safety Culture in Oil and Gas Industry

• The oil and gas industry is one of the most highly regulated
industries in the world when it comes to safety
• Statistically, you’re much safer working offshore than in many
onshore industries, e.g. construction or agriculture
• Safety culture plays an important role in accident prevention
because it results to everyone's commitment to make safety as an
important part of doing business
• Accident can be very expensive in the oil and gas industry. The
recent Gulf of Mexico oil spill killed 11 people, injured 17 others and
cost more than USD 8 billion
• Prevention is always better than cure

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Module 2 – Safety First | 9

Emergency Procedures – Emergency Numbers and Our Location

• Fire Department: 998

• Police: 999
• Ambulance: 997
• Training Location : 1st Floor, TABA Building, Alkhobar, Near DHL Office

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Module 2 – Safety First | 10

Emergency Procedures – On Hearing Fire Alarm in Training Centre

• In the event of hearing a fire alarm in the training centre:

a) DO NOT PANIC! Leave the building immediately and calmly
b) Close doors behind you
c) Use the nearest exit. Do not delay your exit to collect your
belongings
d) Walk quickly but don’t run.
e) Do not use the elevator. Use the stairs
f) Report to the designated assembly point
g) Do not return to your facility until told to do so

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Module 2 – Safety First | 11

Emergency Procedures in Training Centre – On Finding A Fire

• In the event of discovering a fire during the training session:

a) Sound the fire alarm
b) Call 998 for the fire brigade
c) Call the Instructor or Facilitator. They are trained to fight small fires
d) Fight the fire if you are competent and you consider it safe to do so
e) If unable to do so or not trained, evacuate as per normal fire procedure

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Module 2 – Safety First | 12

Emergency Procedures in Training Centre – Accident or Illness

• In the event of illness or accident during the training session:

a) Call 997 and have the following information ready to give the
operator:
• Your name
• Location and your telephone number
• Details of accident or illness
b) Call Instructor or Facilitator. They are trained in First Aid/CPR.
c) If you are trained in CPR, start on the procedures immediately
d) If you are not trained in First Aid/CPR, do not move injured or ill
person. Try to make him/her more comfortable

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Module 2 – Safety First | 13

Emergency Procedures in Training Centre – Elevator Emergency

• In the event of elevator emergency in the training building:

a) Press “EMERGENCY” or “BELL” button in elevator
b) If there is a signal, call the Instructor or facilitator
c) Remain calm. It takes a minute or two for people to know where
you are
d) Do not try to force the elevator door open

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Module 2 – Safety First | 14

Personal and Occupation Safety and Health

• Your personal safety and health come first

• If you have history of medical conditions /illnesses, please inform the
instructor /facilitator before the start of the training
• If you do not feel well at any point of the training, please inform the
instructor/facilitator
• If Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is required, the
Instructor/facilitator will inform you. PPE is to be worn at all time
unless otherwise stated

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Module 2 – Safety First | 15

Training Centre Professional Conduct Guidelines

• Instructor, facilitator and trainees are expected to :

a) Exhibit high degree of professionalism, personal integrity and
mutual respect to maintain a productive learning environment
b) Practise courteous behavior and shall not engage in disruptive
conduct, unacceptable conduct or any conduct which threatens
or endangers the health, safety or well being of any person
• Unprofessional behavior will not be tolerated and the person will be
asked to leave the training session.

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Module 3 – Fire Prevention

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Module 3 – Fire Prevention | 17

Major Causes of Industrial Fires

Cause Description
Combustible materials Combustibles like paper, cardboard, cloth,
wood and oils
Electrical problems Overloaded circuits and outlets, damaged
wiring, defective switches, and damaged plugs
Heat and ignition sources Source of heat or ignition (such as a spark)
can lead to a fire when combined with
combustible or flammable materials
Machinery Inadequately lubricated or dirty machinery can
also cause fires, as can mechanical defects
Smoking Employees may ignore the rules and sneak a
smoke in restrooms or some low-traffic
hideaway

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Module 3 – Fire Prevention | 18

The Fundamentals of Fire Prevention Strategy

• A fire must have three things to ignite and maintain combustion:

a) Fuel
b) Heat
c) Oxygen
• The basic strategy of fire prevention is to control or isolate sources of fuel
and heat in order to prevent combustion.
• If all three are not present in sufficient quantities a fire will not ignite or a
fire will not be able to sustain combustion

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Module 3 – Fire Prevention | 19

Workplace Fire Prevention Strategies

1. Inspect all areas of your workplace for fire hazards on a regular basis.
2. Educate employees about fire hazards
3. Have the right fire extinguishers for the fire hazards in your workplace.
Have maintenance check extinguishers regularly
4. Store materials safely. Keep storage areas well ventilated and free of
ignition sources
5. Dispose of wastes promptly and correctly. Don’t allow combustible waste
materials to build up
6. Emphasize good housekeeping. All work areas should be clean and free
of fire hazards
7. Make sure ventilation systems operate effectively to remove flammable
vapors, gases, and combustible dust from the air

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Module 3 – Fire Prevention | 20

Workplace Fire Prevention Strategies

8. Service machines regularly. Set up an adequate maintenance schedule,

and make sure employees follow it.
9. Pay careful attention to electrical safety. Check electrical circuits, outlets,
wires, and plugs regularly so that an electrical problem does not start a
fire.
10. Enforce fire safety rules. Make sure employees obey your no smoking
policy and other fire safety rules

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Module 4 – Principles of Fire

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Module 4 – Principles of Fire | 22

Fire Tetrahedron

Remove one or more of the 3 elements to extinguish a fire

Oxygen to sustain combustion

Heat to raise the material to its

ignition temperature

Fuel to support the combustion

22
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Module 4 – Principles of Fire | 23

Classification of Fire

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Module 4 – Principles of Fire | 24

Methods of Fire Extinguishment

• Starvation: Removal of fuel

OX
AT

YG
HE

EN
• Smothering: Removal of Oxygen

AT
HE
• Cooling: Removal of Heat FUEL

OX
• Stop the Chemical Reaction

YG
EN
FUEL

OX
AT

YG
HE

EN
FUEL

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 26

Types of Fire Fighting Equipment

• Fire Extinguisher
• Fire Hydrant System
• Fire Sprinkler System
• Water Spray System
• Water Monitor
• Sand Bucket
• Hose Reel
• Fire Blanket

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 27

Types of Fire Safety System

• Fire Detector
• Fire Alarm System
• “Break glass” Manual Call Point
• Main / Sub Alarm Panel
• Exit Staircase
• Fire Door
• Corridor/Lobby/Staircase
• Escape Route

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 28

4 Types of Alarm System

Type of Alarm Description

Human activated • Pulling fire alarm
• Calling 998
Smoke activated • Alarm activates when comes in contact with
smoke
• You may not see the smoke
Heat activated • When temperature in area of alarm reaches
certain point. For example : 120 degrees
Water flow indicators • When sprinkler head is activated
• Temperature at ceiling reaches approximately
155 degrees

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 29

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 30

Types of Fire Extinguishers - Water

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 31

Types of Fire Extinguishers - Foam

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 32

Types of Fire Extinguishers - CO2

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 33

Types of Fire Extinguishers - Powder

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 34

Types of Fire Extinguishers – Wet Chemical

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Module 5 – Fire Fighting Equipment | 35

Types of Fire Extinguishers – Combustible Metal

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 Video

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 38

Before Using a Fire Extinguisher

• Make sure you have an unobstructed escape route at your back

• Fire should be small, confined and not spreading, e.g. trash can fire
• Know that the extinguisher is right for the job
• Be trained on how to use an extinguisher

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 39

P.A.S.S (How to Use a Fire Extinguisher)

Pull the pin

Aim the extinguisher’s hose or nozzle

at the bottom of the fire

Squeeze the handle

Sweep it slowly back and forth, covering the entire

fire with extinguishing substance

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 40

Correct Use of Fire Blanket

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 41

Correct Use of Fire Hose Reel

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 42

When You Should Not Fight A Fire

• It is bigger than a waste paper bin

• One extinguisher is not enough
• No proper extinguisher or equipment
• Fire has spread beyond its point of origin
• Smoke is affecting your breathing
• You cannot see the way out
• Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved
• Your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire
• Instincts tell you to GET OUT!!!

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Module 6 – Basic Fire Fighting Procedures | 43

R.A.C.E (Fire Emergency Response)

R Rescue
A Alarm

C Contain
E Extinguish
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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques

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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques | 45

If Trap in a Fire?

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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques | 46

If Caught in Smoke?

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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques | 47

What to Do if Your Clothes Catch on Fire?

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Action Before Fire
| 48

Management/Supervision is responsible for:

a) Making certain that extinguishers of
sufficient capacity and type are provided
b) The cleanliness and general upkeep of the
Extinguishers

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Action Before Fire
| 49

c) Carrying out monthly inspections of fire

equipment.

d) Annual inspections and servicing of fire

equipment

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Action Before Fire
| 50

e) Fire Extinguishers are placed where they

can be reached easily in an emergency.
f) f) The location is to be clearly
identified.

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Action Before Fire
| 51

g) They should not be blocked by any

obstructions, placed in doorways or
corridors where they could be knocked
over by passing personnel or equipment

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Action During Fire
| 52

• Activate the FIRE ALARM and inform the appropriate

personnel and your supervisor
• REMOVE flammable substances.
• EXTINGUISH the fire using the available extinguishing
equipment.
• Provide a FULL REPORT to the safety/fire officer.

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Action During Fire
| 53

If the Incident Is Not in Your Location

If the Incident Is Not in Your Location
• Keep the Telephone Free
• Take Necessary Safety Precautions
• Go to Assembly Point

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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques | 54

Fire Escape PPE – Fire Escape Masks

Full Mask Half Mask Mouthpiece-nose-clip

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Module 7 – Self Rescue Techniques | 55

Fire Escape PPE – Breathing Apparatus

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus

(SCBA) (EEBA)

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Fire Escape Tips | 56

a) Do not waste time collecting valuables

b) Crawl low under the smoke and keep your mouth covered. The
smoke contains toxic gases which can disorient and overcome you.
c) Use the back of your hand to feel the door to see if it’s hot, which
indicates fire is on the other side. Do not open door. Look for
another escape route
d) If the door is cool, open it slowly. Quickly shut the door if smoke or
heat comes in.
e) If your room door is hot, do not open it. Instead, seal the door with
wet towels or sheets. Turn off the fans and air conditioners. Signal
from your window with a flashlight or light-colored sheet, towel or
article of clothing.

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 57

The Cradle

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 58

The Pick A Back

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Module 7– Practical Demonstration | 59

Backward Drag

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 60

Human Crutch

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 61

Human Crutch (2-Men Operation)

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 62

The Two Handed Seat

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 63

The Three Handed Seat

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Module 7 – Practical Demonstration | 64

The Four Handed Seat

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Conclusion | 65

• Fire spreads in minutes

• Always think fire prevention / fire safety
• When fire take place fight it and take necessary fire
action.
• Follow your company procedures and call Civil Defense.
• STAY ALERT , STAY ALIVE

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 Video

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 Written Assessment

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 Q&A

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 End of Training

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