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L6 - OPERATORS, EXPRESSIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS

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15 views18 pages

L6 - OPERATORS, EXPRESSIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS

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lkixome
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© © All Rights Reserved
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OPERATORS,

EXPRESSIONS AND
ASSIGNMENTS
By Sir. Joshua
Operators
 An operator is a symbol that tells the
compiler to perform specific mathematical or
logical manipulations
 Operators are used to perform operations on
variables and values.
 In the example below, we use the + operator
to add together two values:
Types of operators
C++ is rich in built-in operators and provides
the following types of operators:
 Arithmetic Operators
 Relational Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators (eg: AND (&), OR (|),
NOT (~), XOR (^), etc)
 Assignment Operators
Arithmetic Operators:
 Arithmetic
operators are used to perform
common mathematical operations.
 There
following arithmetic operators are
supported by C++ language:
 Assume variable x holds 10 and variable y
holds 20, then:
…
Operat Name Description Example
or
+ Addition Adds together two values x + y (=
30)
- Subtraction Subtracts one value from x – y (= -
another 10)
* Multiplication Multiplies two values x * y (=
200)
/ Division Divides one value by another x / y (=
0.5)
% Modulus Returns the division remainder x % y (=
10)
++ Increment Increases the value of a variable ++x (=
by 1 11)
Relational (Comparison)
Operators
 Relational operators are used to compare
two values (or variables).
 This
is important in programming, because it
helps us to find answers and make decisions.
 The return value of a comparison is either 1
or 0, which means true (1) or false (0).
 These values are known as Boolean values
…
Assume variable x holds 10 and variable y holds
20, then:
Operator Name Example
== Equal to x == y (=
false)
!= Not equal x != y (=
true)
> Greater than x>y (=
false)
< Less than x<y (=
true)
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y (=
false)
Assignment Operators
 Assignment operators are used to assign values to
variables.
 The syntax used to assign value to the variable is
variable = value;
for example x=10; or y=a+1.
 The assignment operations always take the value
from right to left.
 This means that, if two variables a and b are assigned
as
a = b, then, the value of a will be replaced by the
value of b and not otherwise.
…

Operator Example Same As


= x=5 x=5
+= x += 3 x=x+3
-= x -= 3 x=x-3
*= x *= 3 x=x*3
/= x /= 3 x=x/3
%= x %= 3 x=x%3
Logical Operators
 Aswith comparison operators, you can also
test for true (1) or false (0) values with
logical operators.
 Logicaloperators are used to determine the
logic between variables or values:
…
Assume variable x holds 10 then:

Opera Name Description Example


tor
&& Logical Returns true if both x < 5 && x <
and statements are true 10
(= false)
|| Logical Returns true if one of the x < 5 || x < 4
or statements is true (= false)
! Logical Reverse the result, returns !(x < 5 && x <
not false if the result is true 10)
(= true)
Increment and decrement
operators
 Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are
unary operators that can add or subtract one to
the variable.
 Theincrement operators add one to the variable
while decrements subtract one. The increments
and decrements operators can be written before
variable as prefixes and after a variable as the
suffixes.
 Theincrement and decrement operators are
mainly used to iterate integers and floating data
types
…
Mathematical expressions in
C++ programming
 Like
other languages, the C++ programming
language provides rules through which different
data, including variables, constants and
operators, can be combined.
 Suchan interconnection of data is known as
expression.
 Duringprogramming, the arithmetic expression
should be translated into C++ expression so that
a compiler can understand what is programmed.
Examples of expressions
 Mathematical expression:
C++ Equivalent expression: (1/2)
 Mathematical expression:
C++ Equivalent expression:
 Mathematical expression:
C++ Equivalent expression: (
Operator precedence in C++
 Levels of precedence between operators, both in
arithmetic expression and C++ expressions, remain
the same.
 That level starts from the operation enclosed by
brackets, followed by arithmetic operators out of the
brackets.
 Priority is given to division and multiplication, followed
by addition and subtraction.
 If the expression includes several arithmetic operators
of the same type the operation will be conducted from
left to right.
Activity
 Writea C++ program that can enable a user
to convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade degree.
Use the formula,
 Design an algorithm and then write a C++
program that will enable customers to know
the Value-Added Tax to be paid for any
purchase price of the commodity. The VAT
rate of 18.2% should be declared as a
constant, and the formula should be
…
 Design an algorithm and then create a C+
+ program that prompts a user to enter a
radius of the sphere. The program should
calculate and display the volume of the
sphere as output. (Hint: The formula for
calculating volume of sphere is , r
represents radius of the sphere. Use Table
below in your declaration.

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