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Classification of Data

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Classification of Data

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sheetalkantharia97
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CLASSIFICATION OF DATA

•The process of arranging data in


different groups according to similarities.
• The process of classification can be
compared with the process of sorting out
letters in post office.
WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION?
• Classification is a process of arranging
a huge mass of heterogeneous data
into homogeneous groups to know the
salient features of the data.
WHY CLASSIFICATION?

Facilitates comparison of data within and
between the classes


It renders the data more reliable because
homogeneous figures are separated from
heterogeneous figures


It helps in proper analysis and
interpretation of the data.
Objectives
1. To condense the mass of data in such a way that
salient features can readily noticed.
2. To compare two variables.
3. To prepare data which can be presented in tabular
form.
4. To highlight the significance features of data at a
glance.
• 5. It reveals pattern
• 6. It gives prominence to important figures.
• 7. It enables to analyze data.
• 8. It help in drafting a report
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA …………..

• Common types of classifications:

1. Geographical i.e. according to area or


region
2. Chronological i.e. according to occurrence
of an event in time
3. Quantitative i.e. according to magnitude
4. Qualitative i.e. according to attributes
1. Geographical:
• In this type of classification, data is
classified according to area or region.
- For example: state wise distribution of
sex ratio in India.

- This listing of individual entries are


generally done in alphabetical order or
according to size to emphasize the
importance of a particular area or region.
2. Chronological:
- When the data is classified according to
the time of its occurrence, it is known as
chronological classification.
- For example: Distribution of the Deaths
for last five years
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Year No. of deaths


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2001 241
2002 348
2003 412
2004 548
2005 698
3. Quantitative data:
- When the data is classified according to
some characteristics that can be
measured.
- Continuous data can take all values of the
variable.
* Definition: any statistical data, which are
described both by measurement and
counting is called as quantitative data.

For example: Height, Weight, Pulse Rate,


BP, BSL, Age, RR, Age, Income, etc.
• - 4. Qualitative data:
Definition:
Any statistical data, which are
described only by counting not by
measurement is called as qualitative
data.
- For example:
• Sex, Blood group, Births, Deaths, No. of
patients suffering from a diseases, SE
classification such as Lower, middle and upper,
No. of vaccinated, not vaccinated etc.
TYPE OF VARIABLES

Variable

Categorical Numerical

Nominal Continuous
Ordinal Discret
e
Variable

Categorical Numerical

Ordinal Continuous
Nominal
Discrete
Categories (Measured)
Categories
are mutually Takes any
are mutually value in a
exclusive and Integer
exclusive and range of
ordered values
unordered values
Examples: Examples:
Examples: Examples:
disease days sick per
gender, weight in kg,
stage, year, height in m
blood group,
social class, number of age (in years,
eye colour,
education pregnancies hours,
marital status
level minutes…)
Technical terms for quantitative
classification:

a. Variable: a quantity which changes its values is


called as variable. e.g. age, height, weight, etc.

- Continuous variable: age, height, weight


etc.

- Discrete variable: Population of a city, production of


a machine, spare parts etc.

b. Class Limits: the lowest and highest value of


the class are called as class limits.
-Technical terms for quantitative classification:
c. Open – ended and closed ended classes:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Open ended Closed ended


(Exclusive method) (Inclusive method)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 - 10 0-9

10 -20 10 -19
20 – 30 20 - 29
30 – 40 30 - 39
40 – 50 40 - 49
50 - 60 50 - 59
60 - 70 60 - 69
-Technical terms for quantitative classification:

d. Class frequency: the number of items


belonging to the same class

e. Class magnitude or class interval: the


length of class i.e. the difference between
the upper limit and lower limit of the class.
Frequency distribution

• Two types of frequency distributions:

• Continuous and discrete


Formation of quantitative data (continuous )
frequency distribution table:
Example: given below the value of weight in kgs of 25 students.
Form the continuous frequency distribution.
10.7, 10.3, 19.3, 28, 15, 12.3, 15.4, 34.6, 23, 26.7, 35, 33.3,
23.7,19.6, 20.9, 12.3, 29.4, 25, 22.3, 25.4, 24.6, 13, 16.7, 25,
13.3
Weight (kgs) Tally bars Frequency
10-15 7
15-20 3
20-25 8
25-30 5
30-35 2
Total 25
Formation of qualitative data (discrete) frequency
distribution table:
By tally bars (tally marks) count how many time a particular
value is repeated and this number is the frequency of that
value.
Example: given below the value of marks obtained by 20
students in term ending theory examination. Form the
discrete frequency distribution.
10,15,10,10,15,20,15,15,20,10,20,15,20,25,15,15,15,,20,15,25
Marks Tally bars Frequency
10 4
15 9
20 5
25 2
Total 20
• -Example: Construct a grouped frequency distribution of the following
• data on the amount of time (in hours) that 80 college students
• devoted to leisure activities :

• 23 24 18 14 20 24 24 26 23 21
• 16 15 19 20 22 14 13 20 19 27
• 29 22 38 28 34 32 23 19 21 31
• 16 28 19 18 12 27 15 21 25 16
• 30 17 22 29 29 18 25 20 16 11
• 17 12 15 24 25 21 22 17 18 15
• 21 20 23 18 17 15 16 26 23 22
Exercises
• Form a suitable frequency distribution table for
following data showing Blood Sugar Level of 30
NIDDM cases in a hospital during a period
• 124 128 147 198 165 178 132 102 114
• 124 135 145 137 139 147 189 187 190

• 187 166 188 189 199 201 208 144 139


• 125 187 165
Exercises
• Form a suitable frequency distribution table for
following data showing Hb (gm%) of 25 patients.
• 9.6 6.5 8.9 8.7 8.8 5.6
6.9
• 9.7 11.2 11.6 14.7 11.8 10.9
6.4
• 11.7 11.5 14.9 14.7 12.6 11.7
Exercises
• Form a suitable frequency distribution table for
following data showing Diastolic blood pressure
of 45 Hypertension cases in a hospital:
• 78 89 88 90 110 114 112 105 100
• 100 104 106 116 117 118 104 98 97
• 88 97 96 97 96 104 106 117 118
• 117 114 123 117 115 98 90 91 92
• 96 97 97 96 99 102 114 109 124
Exercises
• Form a suitable frequency distribution table for

following data showing Pulse rate / min of 50


patients:
• 71 76 78 79 78 77 72 72 72
• 74 76 77 78 76 78 82 84 84
• 80 82 87 88 84 82 72 70 78
• 74 76 72 70 72 72 76 78 90
• 74 78 72 76 74 76 78 72 80
• 88 90 92 88 98

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