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4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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Gunavathy Ponusamy
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9 views

4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Uploaded by

Gunavathy Ponusamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS
• Think
• A telephone book is an example of traditional
database and a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is
an example of desktop database program.
Outline
• What is database
• Why we need database
• Database vs. file-based system
• What is relational database and how it
organize data
• Logical vs physical views of database
WHAT IS DATABASE?
• A structured set of data held in a computer,
especially one that is accessible in various
ways.

WHY WE NEED DATABASE?


• A database management system is important
because it manages data efficiently and allows
users to perform multiple tasks with ease.
• A database management system stores,
organizes and manages a large amount of
information within a single software
Database management system (DBMS)
• Database management system (DBMS) is the
program/system software that manages and
controls access to the database.
• DBMS provides users and programmers with
systematic way to create, retrieve, update and
manage data.
• Database system is the combination of the
database, the DBMS, and the application
program that uses the database.
• Database administrator (DBA) is the person
responsible for the database.
2 approaches in DBMS:
File-based vs Database
FILE-BASED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Types of files:
• Two basic types of files are used to store data.
1 The transaction file, which is conceptually
similar to a journal in a manual system.
2 The master file, which is conceptually similar
to a ledger in a manual system.
File-based approach
• For many years, companies created new files
and programs each time an information need
arose.
• This proliferation of master files created
problems:
1 Often the same data was stored in two or more
separate files.
2 The specific data values stored in the different
files were not always consistent
File-based approach
File 1
Fact A Sales
Fact B Program
Fact C
File 2
Fact B Shipping
Fact D Program
Fact E
File 3
Fact A Billing
Fact G Program
Fact E
Databases
• The database approach views data as an
organizational resource that should be used
by, and managed for, the entire organization,
not just the originating department or
function.
• Its focus is data integration and data sharing.
• They are achieved by combining master files
into larger pools of data that can be accessed
by many application programs.
Database approach
Database
Sales Program

Fact A Database
Shipping
management
Program
Fact B system

Fact C Billing
Program
Fact D
What is relational database and how it organize data

Relational database

• A data model is an abstract representation of


the contents of a database.
• The relational data model represents
everything in the database as being stored in
the form of tables.
• Technically, these tables are called relations.
• Each row in a relation, called a tuple, contains
data about a specific occurrence of the type of
entity represented by that table.
Logical vs physical views of database
• A major advantage of database systems over
file-oriented systems is that the database
systems separate the logical and physical view
of data.
• What is the logical view?
– It is how the user or programmer conceptually
organizes and understands the data.
• What is the physical view?
– It refers to how and where the data are physically
arranged and stored on disk, tape, CD-ROM, or
other media.
• The DBMS controls the database so that users
can access, query, or update it without
reference to how or where the data are
physically stored.
Logical View User A Logical View User B
Past Due Accounts October Sales by Region
Name Balance Days
Jackson 2145 48
Houston 1595 65

Database
Operating
system
DBMS
Advantages of database systems
• Data integration
– Master data are combined into large “pool” of
data that many application program access.
– Example: employee database that consolidates
payrolls, personnel and job skill master file
• Data sharing
– Integrated data are more easily shared with
authorized users.
– Database are easily browsed to search a problem
or obtain detailed information underlying a report
• Minimal data redundancy and data
inconsistencies
– as data items are usually stored only once
• Data independence
– Data can change without changing others
– Facilitate programming and simplifies data
management
• Cross-functional analysis
– data from different department can be assessed
– Example: obtain data on selling costs (production
team) and promotional campaign (marketing team)
to prepare the management report to BOD
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•No redundancy of •High
data. hardware/software
•Ease of maintenance. cost.
•Reduced storage costs. •Need for database
•Data integrity. administrator.
•Share of information •High concentration of
•Information is more applications on
flexible. database.
•Privacy •Contention problems
•Training
Conclusion:
Elements of database environment (figure 9.3 page 384)

1. Users
2. Database management system
3. Database administrator
4. Physical database

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