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OM9

SESSION 9

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13 views10 pages

OM9

SESSION 9

Uploaded by

vaibhav.poddar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistical Quality Control

How does quality helps the business?


Statistical Quality Control

Quality is a competitive advantage.


Statistical Quality Control
When dealing with a quality characteristic that is a variable, it
is usually necessary to monitor both the mean value of the
quality characteristic and its variability. Control of the process
average or mean quality level is usually done with the control
chart for means, or the
control chart. Process variability can be monitored with either
a control chart for the standard deviation, called the s control
chart, or a control chart for the range, called an R control
chart. The R chart is more widely used. Usually, separate and
R charts are maintained for each quality characteristic of
interest.

It is important to maintain control over both the process


mean and process variability.
Statistical Quality Control

Both the mean u


and standard
deviation ơ are in
control at their
nominal values (say,
u0 and ơ0);
Statistical Quality Control

The mean has


shifted to a value u1
> u0, resulting in a
higher fraction of
nonconforming
product.
Statistical Quality Control

The process standard


deviation has shifted
to a value ơ1 > ơ0.
This also results in
higher process
fallout, even though
the process mean is
still at the nominal
value.
Control Charts for and R
Suppose that a quality characteristic is normally
distributed with mean u and standard deviation
ơ, where both u and ơ are known. If x1, x2, . . . , xn
is a sample of size n, then the average
of this sample is = X1 +X2+ …..+ Xn / n
Control Charts for and R
Let 1+ 2+ …..+ m be the average of each sample.
Then the best estimator of u, the process average,
is the grand average—say,

= (1+ 2+ …..+ m)/ m

Thus, would be used as the center line on the chart.


Control Charts for and R
Range of the sample is the difference between
the largest and smallest observations; that is,

R = X max − X min

Let R1, R2, . . . , Rm be the ranges of the m


samples. The average range is
Control Charts for and R

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