Project

Management
Fundamentals
PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 01 02
Project
OPM Componets
Organizational Life cycle ,
Project Development
Management Approach, Project
activites and
Processes

03
Project
Influencing
04
Project Business
Factors Dcouments
Had and Soft High level
factors which Documents to
affects the project justify the project
success intiation
PMP® Exam Preparation
positiviely Training
/negatively
PMBOK® 6th Edition
Project Management Body of
Knowledge
PMBOK® 6th Edition & Agile Practice Guide
 A fundamental resource for effective project management in
any industry.

 A powerful tool that enable the right approach for the right
project.

 Presents solutions for project delivery professionals working

in the different approaches — from predictive (or waterfall) to
agile methodologies.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMBOK® 6th Edition
• The PMBOK® Guide is developed by active practitioners and
subject matter experts, then reviewed by the project
management community

• Ensure it reflects the current state of the profession.

By Project Managers, For Project Managers

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMBOK® 6th Edition
• Trends and emerging practices

• Tailoring considerations

• A greater emphasis on Strategic and Business Knowledge

• Role of the project manager

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMBOK® 6th Edition
• First Published as a White paper -1983

• Latest is the 6th Edition in 2017.

• 49 Processes mapped under 5 Process Groups & 10 Knowledge areas.

• 13 Sections

• Sec 1 & 2:Introduction to Key concepts

• Sec 3: Overview of Processes and its interactions.

• Sec 4-13:Processes expanded.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

What is best practice?

 A specific sequence of work, described in terms of soft logic.

 PMBOK® is considered as generally accepted best practices in project management field

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

What is Methodology?

A methodology is a combination of

 Practices

 Techniques

 Procedures

 Rules.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Project Management Methodologies

● Developed by Experts within an organization

● Purchased from Vendors

● Obtained from Professional associations

● Acquired from Government Agencies

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMI Standards

• Provides

• Project Management knowledge

• Proven traditional practices with innovative practices

• Constantly Developed & Updated

• Generally recognized good practices.

• Generally applicable to most of the projects of the most of the time

• Can not be uniformly applied to all projects.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMI® Standards

Aspirational
• Describe the conduct of the practitioners

Mandatory
• Organization Requirements & Practitioner behavior

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMI® Code of Ethics

Responsibility
Respect Code of Ethics Fairness

Honesty
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
Users of Code of Ethics

● PMI’s Ethics Review Committee

● Practitioners

○ PMI Members

○ Certification Holders

○ Volunteers

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PM Talent Triangle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PM Talent Triangle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 01
OPM, Portfolio ,
Program Project
and Operation

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Portfolio

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Portfolio Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Identifying, authorizing , managing and controlling
program, project and operational work

Portfolio Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Centralized management
of program , projects and operation
To achieve
Strategic Business Objectives

Portfolio Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Portfolio Management

• Components may not necessarily be related but have common goals/ Objectives

• Link strategic objectives , strategic planning to the execution of projects

• Bridging the gap between strategy and implementation.

• Guide Organizational Investment Decisions

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Portfolio Management

• Select the optimal mix of programs & Projects to meet the SO(Objectives)

• Provide decision making transparency

• Prioritize the project & resource allocation

• Increase the desired return on investment

• Reduces Risk

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Program
Manageme
nt

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Group of related projects
managed in a coordinated manner
to obtain benefits not available from
managing them individually

Program

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

What is program?

A set of projects which are

linked to one another , in a
sequential manner to attain the
combined benefits

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Prgram Management

Application of

knowledge, skills, tools and

techniques

to meet program
requirements

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Program Management

• Achieving overall strategic objectives of an organization

• Effectively Managing Program / Project risks

• Managing interdependencies

• Resolving constraints and conflicts effectively

• Managing Change request

• Resource Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project
Manageme
nt

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 A temporary endeavor
undertaken to create a
unique product, service or
result.
What is Project?

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Project Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Charactrisitcs

Acitivities/
Defined Gol Process / Phases Temporary
Stratgic buisness Interrelated and Fianite in duration
objectives , vision Dependable
and mission

People /
Progressive
Deliverables Organization
Elopration
Unique Prduct and Iteratively Single or group of
Services developed people involve
Undertaken by
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
single or group of
 Project : Temporary

• Definite Start Date and End Date

• Does not mean short duration

• Project are temporary but the deliverables may exist

beyond the end of the project also.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project: Deliverables

• Delivered to fulfill organization’ s objectives.

• Produced as a result of process or phase or project

• Process need input and tools and techniques to produce a output

Deliverables are
• Unique Product
• Unique Service
• Unique Result
• Combination of all

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project : Deliverables

• Capable to Perform a Service or function

• Product or project related

• Helps to achieve business Objectives.

• Verifiable & Measurable

• Tangible or Intangible

• Social , Economic, Material or Environmental

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project : Deliverables

Product Project
Results Project Management
Hardware Plan
Software Project Document
Applications Reports
Contracts Mintues of Meeting
Products

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project : Uniqueness

Each project is unique, because

• Condition and Environmental factors of the projects

are different
Procurement process of a
government is different than a
• Handling of projects differently private company

• Technical characteristics are unique

• Project Constraints are unique

• Management styles are unique

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Create Business Value

• The purpose of project management is to provide

increased value to the customer or business

• Net quantifiable benefit derived from the project

• Drive Change for an organization move from one state to

another

• Measuring business value is unique to the organization

• Total sum of all tangible and intangible elements

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Create Business Value

Objectives Business Goals Stakeholder

Project should have a Project objective Stakeholder support
clear objective should be alinged to and engagement is
the business goals / mandaroy to achive
stargtegic the business goals
objectives / vision /
mission
PMP® Exam of an
Preparation Training
organization
Steps to deliver business value

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Business Value
Tangible Intangible
● Monetary Assets ● Good Will

● Stockholder Equity ● Brand Recognition

● Utility ● Public Benefit

● Fixtures ● Trademarks

● Tools ● Strategic Alignment

● Market Share ● Reputation

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Reason to End Project

• Project objectives have been achieved

• The objectives cannot be achieved

• Funding issues

• Need for the project is not existed

• Resources are not available

• Legal & Regulatory Issues

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Need for Project Intiation

Stakeholder Need or Technologcal / Business

Request Strategies
Meet or satisfy Implement and change
stakeholder need or technological /
request or intereste business strategies

Regulatory / Social/
Legal Product / Process
Meet regulatory , scoail Create .improve. Fix
and legal requirements products , processes
and services

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Factors Lead to create a project
Competitive
New Technology Forces Material Issues

Economic
Political Changes Market Demand Changes

Customer Stakeholder Legal

Request Demand Requirement

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Class Room Exercise
Example Specific Factor Project Initiation Context

A Public Company authorizes a project to create a new service

for electric car starting to reduce pollution

An Organization implements a project resulting from a lean six

sigma value stream mapping exercise

A stakeholder requires that a new output be produced by the

organization

An Economic downturn results in a change in the priorities for a

current project

A newly elected official instigating project funding changes to a

current project PMP® Exam Preparation Training
Class Room Exercise
Example Specific Project Initiation
Factor Context
Lower pricing on products by a competitor results in the need
to lower production costs to remain competitive

An electronic firm authorizes a new project to develop a faster,

cheaper and small laptop based on a advances in computer
memory and electronics technology

A Municipal Bridge developed cracks in some support

members resulting in a project to fix the problems

A Chemical Manufacturer authorizes a project to establish

guidelines for the proper handing of a new toxic materials

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Organizational Project Management
OPM – Organizational Project
Management

Is an strategy execution
framework which connects
portfolio, program , project
and operation to achieve
organization’s vision ,
mission and strategic
objectives

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

OPM – Organizational Project
Management

Framework consists of the

processes, templates ,
tasks, and tools to initiate ,
plan , execute and control
portfolio, program and
project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Connects organizational
strategy and successful
implementation of
projects
OPM-Organizational Project
Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Organizational Project Management

Aligning Business Value

Aligning PPP & Delivering business
Operations with value through portfolio ,
organizational strategy program, projects and
operation

Continious
Integration Improvement
Integrate organizational Consitency of education
process and function and delivery of training
into PPP

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Organizational Project MAnagement

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Product
Life Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Series of phases that represent the
evolution of the product

Product
 Concept
 Delivery
 Growth
 Maturity
 Retirement
Life Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Product Life Cycle

Project Operatio Life

n&
Life Maintena
Disposal Cycle
Cycle nce Costing

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Operation
Manageme
nt

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Operation Management

• Planning, organizing, and supervising.

• Convert resources into desired goods & services

• Transform inputs into outputs

• Meeting the customer demands on daily basis

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Operation Vs Project

Operation Projects
Frozen stable pattern Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze

Ongoing day to day activities Temporary Activities

Standing Roles and Responsibilities Project Roles and Responsibilities

Do to sustain business Deliver Service / Product and close the

project
Single Loop Objective : Doing things
right Double Loop Objective : Doing the right
things

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Intersection of Project and Operation

• Knowledge and Deliverables transferred between the project &

operation.

• Implementation occurs through a transfer of project resources or

knowledge to operation or

• Transfer of operational resources to project.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Intersection of Project and Operation

Project can intersect operation during the product life cycle @ Various Points

Developin
g a new
product

At each Upgradin
closeout g a new
Phase product

End of
Expandin
Product
g outputs
Life Cycle
Improving
Operation
and
Processe
s

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

The portfolio manager from your division thought it might be helpful to the project teams if
she delivered a short presentation on the elements in her portfolio. A number of team
members, after receiving the e-mail announcement for the presentation, come to you and
ask if this meeting is worth their time. After all isn’t a portfolio just a big project? As a Senior
Project manager your best response would be:

a. You’re right. The meeting probably would be a waste of your time

b. Not really. A portfolio is a group of related projects managed together to achieve
synergies between the projects and establish common methods and procedures
c. Not really. A portfolio can be a group of programs, projects, or sub-projects designed to
help the organization meet specific business goals
d. Not really. A portfolio is a collection of documents, methods, and procedures that help
us manage projects

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

Jane is currently reviewing a list of project proposals. All the

proposed projects achieve some of the organizational strategic
objectives and their expected costs are known. However, Jane
cannot execute all the projects due to the funding limitation. How
shall Jane determine which projects she needs to execute this year?
• Select the high-budget projects and drop the low-budget projects
• Select the low-budget projects and drop the high-budget projects
• Select the projects that maximize organizational revenue
• Select the projects that maximize the business value

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

Which of the following are the four basic elements of the PMI code
of ethics and professional conduct?
a) Responsibility, respect, fairness, honesty
b) Responsibility, accountability, fairness, honesty
c) Responsibility, respect, fairness, transparency
d) Responsibility, transparency, fairness, honesty

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

You are managing four projects in your organization. Two projects

are of a similar type, but the other two are entirely different. What is
your role in the organization?

a) Portfolio manager
b) Program manager
c) Project manager
d) Program coordinator

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

“We report unethical or illegal conduct to appropriate management

and, if necessary, to those affected by the conduct.”
The above statement belongs to:

a) Responsibility: mandatory standards

b) Responsibility: aspirational standards
c) Fairness: aspirational standards
d) Fairness: mandatory standards

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

Projects can intersect with operations at various points in the

________________ lifecycle.

a) Project
b) Product
c) Project management
d) Process development

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project
Componen
ts

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

• Project life cycle

• Development Approach

• Project Phase Project

• Phase Gate
Componen
• Project Management Processes

• Project Management Process Groups

ts
• Project Management Knowledge Areas

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle

A collection of
generally sequential project phases
whose name and number are
determined by the control needs of the organization or
organizations involved in the project”

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle

• A series of phases that a project passes through from its start

to completion.

• Collection of Phases

• Basic framework for managing the project.

• Subset / phase of product life cycle

• The number, need and degree of control of phases depends

on size & complexity of the project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Characteristics of Project Life Cycle
Factors that increase with project progress and then decrease sharply when project
nears completion:
• Cost of project
• Staffing levels

Time
End
Start

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Characteristics of Project Life Cycle
Factors that increase with project progress:
h
• Probability of successfully completing the project Hig
• Cost of changes made
• Cost of correcting errors

w
Lo
Time
End
Start

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Characteristics of Project Life Cycle
Factors that decrease with project progress:
• Uncertainty/risks about the project
• Ability of stakeholders to influence final characteristics of project’s product
• Ability of stakeholders to influence final cost of project’s product

Hig
h

w
Time Lo
End
Start

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Defined as
‘’ One or more phases within the
project life cycle are associated with
the development of the product,
service or result.
Developm
ent
Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Development Approach
• Every project is unique , the project needs different approach

• Projects can be categorized based on the products

• Development of products needs different development approaches

• Three type of Development approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Predictive Approach
• Also called as Plan Driven / Water Fall / Fully Plan Driven

• Scope, Requirements , time and cost are determined early

• Final deliverables should be known before

• Phases : sequential or overlapping

• High level Planning & detailed planning should be done from the
beginning of the project.

• High certainty around requirements and fixed requirements

• Stable team and low risk

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Predictive Approach
• Project activities are executed sequentially and performed once

• Know what to deliver and how

• Long Development Cycles , Linear

• Organizes works into major phases

• Minimize or restrict the changes to the requirements & team members

• Constraints helps to manage & control the constraints

• Business value will be delivered at the end of the project

• At the end, the outcome is the final product

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Adaptive Approach
• Also called as change driven

• In the beginning , Define High-level scope , preliminary schedule and cost , Detailed scope, cost & schedule
developed iteratively

• Every iteration has the Prioritized requirements , Deliverables are produced through a series of iterations

• Each Iterations develop the products or components of the product

• Continuous stakeholders involvement & Changes are expected.

• Functionality of the product will be added continuously

The deliverables may be

• Partial useable product that 'increments' in the next iteration OR

• Contains only the necessary capability and final product will be after the final iteration.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Adaptive Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Incremental Approach
• Requirements are dynamic

• Performed once per increment

• Frequent smaller deliveries

• Project optimize for speed of delivery

• Frequently Delivering subset of total solutions

• May deviate from the original plan

• Customer get value sooner than the degree of change and variation

• The team regularly deploys working increments

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Incremental Approach
• Usually to a test environment for evaluation

• Time and cost estimates are routinely modified as product progress.

• This is an opportunity for an early return on investment

• Providing a customer a single feature or a finished piece of work.

• Adding functionality of the product successively in a Pre -determined time frame.

• Each iteration , Delivers a complete , usable portion of the product

• The interim Deliverables contains the necessary and sufficient capability

• But the deliverables are considered complete after the final iteration

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Incremental Approach
• System is broken down into many mini development projects

• Partial systems are built to produce the final system

• First address the highest priority requirements

• The requirement of a portion is frozen once the incremented portion is developed

• After each iteration, regression testing needed REGRESSION TESTING

is defined as a type of software testing to
• Defects identified because few changes are made within any single iteration
confirm that a recent program or code change
has not adversely affected existing features.
• Allows for more targeted testing of each element --------------------------------------------
Re-running functional and non-functional tests
• Customer can respond to features and review the product to ensure that previously developed and tested
software still performs after a change
• Initial product delivery is faster and costs less

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Iterative Approach
• Project scope is determined early in the project life cycle

• But cost and schedule are routinely modified based on the understanding of the product increases

• Complete concept is developed in successive iterations

• Iterations develop the product through of series of repeated cycles

• Increments successively add to the functionality of the product

• Final outcome is the usable product.

• Creating a prototype for the entire product is planned

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Iterative Approach
• Applied if the project complexity is high , frequent changes or stakeholders have different expectation on the
final product

• Requirements are dynamic

• Activities repeated until correct

• Single delivery

• Correctness of solution

• Improve the product or result through successive prototype or proofs of concept

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Iterative Approach
• Feedback and team insights will get it from each prototype

• Team incorporate the feedback and insights in to the next cycle

• Time boxing assigned to an iteration for few weeks , gather insights and rework on activities based on the
insights

• Iterations help to identify and reduce uncertainty in the project

• May take longer because they are optimized for learning rather than speed of deliver

• Encourages a feedback and better understanding of the requirements that can be incorporated into each
deliverable

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
• Fixed schedule and Fixed Costs

• Scope is decomposed into a set of requirements ( Product Backlog)

• The detailed scope is determined before the current iteration or phase

• The work required to meet those requirements are prioritized & Ranked.

• Requirements may change and dynamic

• Repeated activities until the correct

• Frequent ,Incremental deliverable uncover hidden and misunderstood requirements

• Goal is customer value via feedback

• Cyclic Process

• Organizations work into small deliverables

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
• Adjustable scope to preserve schedule

• More rapid phases or iterations,

• Short development cycles , Usually with a duration of 2 or 4 weeks (TBP)

• Customer can change and reprioritize the requirements to adjust within the cost & Schedule

• Customer will review the work performed at end of iteration.

• Feedback from the customer is used to set the detailed scope of the next iteration

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
Types of agile approaches

• Iteration based agile

• Flow based agile

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
Iteration based agile

• Iterations are used to deliver the competed features

• Equal time boxes are fixed for iterations

• Team analyze and priorities the features / requirements

• So they work to deliver priority based iterations

• Team works on few features but on all features in an iteration

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
Flow based agile

• Team pulls work / features from the backlog based on its capacity

• The team defines its work flow in column on a task board and

• Manage the work in progress for each column

• Each feature may take different time

• Team keep work in progress sizes small to better identify issues and reduce rework

• Customer satisfaction increases with early and continuous delivery of valuable products

• Incorporates both iterative and incremental approaches to adapt high degree of changes and deliver project value often

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Agile Approach
Agile Suitability Filters

• Are tools to help assess if an agile approach could fit your organization and
project. Agile Suitability Tools

• Helps to determine the likely fit or gaps for using agile approaches 1. The Slider
2. DSDM Suitability Filter
• Assess under what circumstances an agile approach is appropriate to use 3. Alistair Cockburn’s Project Criticality
and Team Size
4. Boehm and Turner – Radar Chart
• Assess project and organizational factors associated with the adaption and 5. Dave Cohen’s Agile Factors
suitability 6. The Organizational Suitability Filter
7. The Methodology Bias Hammer
• Assessment provide scores indicating alignment or potential risk areas.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Development Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Development Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Development Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Development Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Blended Agile
• Blended Agile is the combination of two or more established Agile methods, techniques, or frameworks

• Agile + Agile = Better Agile

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Hybrid Life Cycle
• It is not necessary to use a single approach for an entire project.

• Projects often combine elements of different life cycles in order to achieve certain goals.

• A combination of predictive, iterative, incremental, and/or agile approaches is a hybrid approach.

• Hybrid Agile is the combination of Agile methods with other non-Agile techniques..

• If the Elements of the project are well known or have fixed requirements , follow a predictive life cycle

• If the Elements are still unknown and still evolving, follow an adaptive development life cycle.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle Approach
Project Manager should

• Identify the best & Suitable project life cycle

• Identifying the processes for each phase

• Performing the processes identified

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle Approach
Common characteristics

• No project is completely devoid of considerations around requirements, delivery, change, and goals.

• Inherent characteristics of the project determine which life cycle is the best fit for that project.

• No life cycle can be perfect for all projects.

• Each project finds a spot on the continuum that provides an optimum balance of characteristics for its
context.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle Approach

Why do we need different Approach?

Because Different

• Types of projects

• Environments they operate in

• Organizational structures

• Management styles

• Project sizes & Complexity

• Customer needs & requirements

• Products or outputs

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Life Cycle Approach
Project life cycle and development approach identified based on

• Project Management Team Skills

• Nature and Size of the project

• Tailoring options

• Project Environment

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
All of the statements about the project life cycle are true except
which of the following:

a) The project life cycle consists of five distinct phases

b) The project life cycle is different for every organization
c) The project life cycle works with the project management life
cycle to help meet project objectives
d) The project life cycle can be modified depending on the needs
of the project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
Two junior project managers who are working on the same project are having
a heated discussion(an argument) on the difference between the project
management life cycle and the project life cycle. The first project manager is
saying there is essentially no difference between the two while the second
project manager is saying that there is a significant difference between the
two. While this debate is occurring, a senior vice president from your division
interrupts the two and asks them the following question: "When the project is
completed what is the expected lifetime of the deliverable?" Essentially, what is
the vice president asking them?

1. He is asking about the status of the project life cycle

2. He is asking about the status of the project management life cycle
3. He is asking about the status of the product
4. He is trying to determine if they understand life cycle costing
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
‘’ Group of logically related project
activities to produce one or more
deliverables ‘’ Project
Phase

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project phase
• Phases are a collection of logical groupings of related activities that usually culminate in a deliverable.

• The PMBOK® Guide describes their sequence as beginning with an initial phase, followed by a series of
intermediate phases, and ending in a final phase

• Processes that aid in the completion of the deliverable are performed in each phase.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project phase
 Phase has defined by Attributes

 Phase Attributes may be measurable & unique

 Project performance will be evaluated at each phase

 Phase has an output / Deliverables / Result

• Helps to take necessary corrective and preventive action

• Phase Review is considered as a key component of Project Phase

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project phase
A phase can be sub divided Based on

• Size,

• Complexity,

• Level of risk & cash flow constraints,

• Multiple phases may provide better insight to managing the project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project phase
The attributes of the project phase are

• Name

• Number

• Duration

• Resource Requirements

• Entrance Criteria

• Exit Criteria

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project phase
• Phase A
• Proposal Phase
Name • Work Execution Phase
• Phase 2

• Three Phases in the project

Number • Five Phase in the Project

• 1 Week
• Month
Duration
• Quarter

• People
Resource Requirements • Building
• Equipment

• Specified Approval Documented

Entrance Criteria • Specified Documents Completed

• Documented Approval
Exit Criteria
• Completed Documents
• Completed Deliverables

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Iterations
• Refer as Agile teams break projects down into smaller time boxed durations

• Also referred as Sprints or Weekly Cycles

• Iteration lengths are fixed , time box and not flexible in anyway, it will end regardless of whether all assigned
work is completed.

• Outstanding work is either assigned to the next iteration, or reprioritized amongst the remaining tasks.

• The general rule is that iterations should not exceed 30 days (One Calendrer month) in duration,

• Although some teams use iterations that range from 2 weeks to 4 weeks to a single day.

• The length of an iteration is largely determined by how a team and customer are required to work together.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Iterations
• Provide a regular, predictable cadence for teams to produce an increment of value, as well as to refine
those previously developed.

• Short time periods help the team, Product Owners, Product Managers, and other stakeholders regularly test
and evaluate the technical and business hypotheses in a working system.

• An integration point, a ‘pull event’ that assembles various system aspects—functionality, quality,
alignment, and fitness for use—across all the teams’ contributions.

• Agile teams execute a full plan-do-check-adjust (PDCA) cycle as quickly as possible

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 02
Project
Manageme
nt

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Application of
Knowledge,
Skills
Tools & Techniques
What is
Project
Managem
ent?
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Defined as
an application and integration of
project management What is
processes .
Project
Managem
ent?
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
Effective Project Management

Meet Business Objectives

Satisfy Stakeholder Expectations
Deliver the right products at right time
Respond to Risk
Optimize the use of organizational resources
Respond to the Changes / Business Sustainability
Manage Constraints / Strategic Competency

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

A series of actions performed to bring a result
or concrete outcome PM
Activities

Project Management PM
Processes
Activities

Process
Group

PM Life
Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Management
Activities

Determine what information you need from other projects and what information you will
share with the organization and other projects.

Hold a kickoff meeting with key stakeholders, team members, managers of team
members, and the customer to make sure everyone is on the same page and to gain
buy-in.

Measure project performance according to the planned measures in the management

plan.

Recalculate how much the project will cost and how long it will take, and create
forecasts.

Complete. work packages

Exchange information about the project according to the plan, and solicit feedback to
ensure communication needs are being met.

Understand the organization’s business operation information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

A series of Project Management Activities
executed to manage the project to bring PM
the result or outcome Activities

Project Management Process

PM
Processes

Process
Group

PM Life
Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

The application of knowledge, skills,
tools and techniques to project PM
Activities
activities to meet the project
requirements.

PM
Project Management Process Processes

Process
Group

PM Life
Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process

● PMBOK 6th Edition listed 49 Processes

● May interact and overlap

● Need of the project decides the Process interaction and

iteration.

● Not one time activities, not discrete

● Iterative , repetitive and occur at varying levels of the project

● Can Apply globally across industries

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process : PMBOK® 6th Edition
• List only Generally Accepted project management practices

• Do not list project specific Process

• Application area specific practices

• All the process must be covered , Required should be in in detail and not required should
be at high level

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process - Categories

Performed once or Performed

Predefined points in Performed periodically continuously
the project as needed throughout the project

• Develop Project • Acquire Resource • Define Activities

Charter
• Conduct Procurements • Monitoring and
• Close Project or Phase Controlling Processes

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process - ITTO
• Every Project Management process need ITTO.

The number of ITTO of a process depends on

• Necessary pre requirements to start the process

• Type and level of effort necessary to do the process

• What is to be produced from the process.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process

Tools &
Techniques
An input to
the another
process

Input Output
PM Process

A deliverable
of the phase
or project

Skills
PMP® Exam and
Preparation Training
Knowledge
 Define Scope : Preparing Scope Statement

Expert
OPA
Judgment Product Scope

Project Scope Statement

Project Scope
EEF

Tools and Techniques

Product Requirements
Analysis Deliverables
Project Assumptions
Output
Input

Charter Exclusions
Alternative
Analysis
Acceptance
Project Criteria
Management
Plan
Meeting
Project
Document

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 ITTO : Input
• Document or Documented Items

• Product or Service

• Internal or External to the Project

• Required by the process to produce a output

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 ITTO : Input
List of Input

• Project Business Documents

• Agreements / Contrcts

• Project Charter

• Project Management Plan

• Project Documents

• Change Request / Approved Change Request

• Deliverables / Verified Deliverables

• WPD / WPI / WPR

• EEF

• OPA

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 ITTO
• Actions

• Template or Software Program

• Systematic Procedures

• Formulas

• Project Manager’ Skills & Knowledge

Tools and
Techniques
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 ITTO
A tangible template or software program .

Examples

• Analytical techniques

•
Project management information system (PMIS)

Benchmarking
Tools
• Product analysis

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 ITTO
A defined as systematic procedure , May consists of one or more
tools

Examples:
• Meetings

• Expert judgment Techniqu

• Inspection
es
• Interviews

• Decomposition

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

List of Tool & Techniques
ITTO
• Expert Judgment

• Data Gathering

• Data Analysis

• Data Representation

• Process Specific Tools

• Decision Making

• Interpersonal & Team Skills Tools and

• Meeting
Techniques
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 ITTO
• Document or Documented items

• Product or Result or Outcome

Output

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 ITTO
List of Output

• Project Management Plan & Updates

• Project Document & Updates

Output
• Work Performance Data ,Work Performance Information &
Reports

• Change Requests, Approved Change Request

• Deliverables , Verified Deliverables and Accepted Deliverables

• OPA Updates

• EEF Updates

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project
Managem
ent
Process
Group
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Project management means
application & Integration
of
logically grouped
project management processes

Project ManagementProcess
Group

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process
Groups

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Executing

Planning

Closing
Initiating Monitoring &
Controlling

Project Management Life Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 PM
Knowledg
e Area

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Core technical skills needed to execute the project
6 Knowledge area for 6 Project Constraint
3 Supporting knowledge Areas
1 Belongs to Project Manager

Project Management Knowledge Areas

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Knowledge Areas

Scope Schedule Cost

Integration Management
Quality Resources Risk

Procurement Communi Stakeholder

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Integarte
Process,
knowledge
Area and
Process
Groups
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Process and Process Groups

Monitoring & Controlling

12 Processes

Planning

24
Processes
Enter Phase/Start Exit Phase/End
Project Initiating Closing Project

2 Processes 1 Processes
10
Processes
Executing

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process - Initiation

Develop Project
Identify Stakeholder
Charter

Project Manager Appointed

All Stakeholders Identified
Project Charter
Stakeholder Register
Assumption Log

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PM Process - Planning
Scope Schedule Resources Risk Quality Cost Procure Communi Stake

Plan Scope Plan Resource Plan Risk Plan Quality Plan Cost Plan Procure
Plan Schedule Mgt Mgt
Mgt Mgt Mgt Mgt Mgt

Collect Estimate Activity Estimate

Define Activities Identify Risk Plan Comm Mgt
Requirements Resources Cost

Perform
Qualitative Determine
Define Scope Sequencing
Analysis Budget
Activities

Perform
Estimate Activity Quantitative
Create WBS Analysis
Duration

Plan
StakeMgt
Plan Risk
Develop Schedule Responses

Performance Measurement Baselines + Subsidiary Management Plan

Develop Project Management

Project
Integration Management Plan
Management
Plan
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Project PM Process – Execution / MC / Closing
Management
Plan Control Scope
Manage Project
Knowledge
Control Schedule
Integration Direct &
Management Deliv
Project Work e r ab l e Control Cost
s
Accepted
Verified
Deliverables
Deliverables
Control Quality Validate Scope Close
Quality Manage Quality

CR
Acquire Resources

Resources Develop Team Control Resources

WPI Monitor & WPR PICC
Mcom
Control Project
Manage Team MR
WPD CR Work
MTeam

CR
Implement Risk Monitor Risk
Risk Res

PICC
Conduct Control
Procure Procurements Procurements
ACR

Manage Monitor Comm

Communi
Communication
DMPW
Control Procurements
Control Quality
Manage Monitor
Stake Stakeholder Stakeholder
Engagement

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Knowledge Area wise Processes

Knowledge Areas

Communicatio

Procurement

Stakeholder
Integration

Resource
Schedule
Process
Groups

Quality
Scope

Cost

Risk
n
2
Initiation 1 1
Process Groups

24
Planning 1 4 5 3 1 2 1 5 1 1

Execution 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 10

12
Mon & 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cont.
1

Closing 1
7 6 6 4 3 6 3 7 3 4
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 Process Group and Knowledge Area
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring Closing
&
Controlling
Integration

Scope Scope

Schedule Schedule

Cost Cost

Knowledge Area
Quality

Resource

Communication

Risk

Procurement

Stakeholders

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Management
Activities

Determine what information you need from other projects and what information you will
share with the organization and other projects.

Hold a kickoff meeting with key stakeholders, team members, managers of team
members, and the customer to make sure everyone is on the same page and to gain
buy-in.

Measure project performance according to the planned measures in the management

plan.

Recalculate how much the project will cost and how long it will take, and create
forecasts.

Complete. work packages

Exchange information about the project according to the plan, and solicit feedback to
ensure communication needs are being met.

Understand the organization’s business operation information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Tailoring

Make the customer

preferred coffee

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Tailoring
• PMBOK® guide is different from Project management methodology

• But PMBOK® guide can be used as a foundation to develop methodologies

The following guides are recommended for tailoring

• PMBOK 6th Edition

• The standard for project management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Tailoring
Determining the appropriate combination of

• Standards
• Processes
• Inputs
• Tools
• Techniques
• Outputs
• life cycle phases
• Development Cycle

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Tailoring
Tailoring process should consider
 Project constraints
 Project environment
 organization culture
 stakeholder needs
 Level of governance
 Customer of the project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Why do we need to Tailor?
 Project is Unique in nature

 Buy in from team members

 Efficient use of project resources

 Customer Oriented focus

 Best for Project Approach

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Who will do tailoring?
• Project Manager

• Project Team

• Project Sponsor

• Organizational Management

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Why Projects Fail

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a project lifecycle?

A. Cost and staffing levels are low at the start

B. Costs peak at the mid-point of the lifecycle

C. Stakeholder influence is highest in the early stages

D. The probability of success is lowest at the outset

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Questions
Stakeholders are

a) Those actively involved in the project or whose interests may be

affected

b) Those who are expected to make an investment of time or

money

c) Those who will be responsible for supporting the result after

implementation

d) Those who will be part of the project team

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Questions

Progressive elaboration is defined as

a) Developing in steps and continuing by increment

b) Increasing the scope of the work over time

c) Increasing the accuracy of estimates from phase to phase

d) Providing more detailed product specifications at lower levels of

Work Breakdown

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Questions
How does the PMBOK define leadership?

A. Developing a vision and strategy

B. Communicating the vision by words and deeds
C. The ability to get things done
D. Consistently producing the key results expected by shareholders

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project
Data &
Informati
on
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
Project Management Data & Information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Project Management Data & Information
• Process interaction provides data called project data or work performance Data

• Project Data are regularly collected through out the project life cycle.

• The collected data are fed in to respective monitoring and controlling process.

• Then data will be analyzed, aggregated and transformed, the outcome called project information / work
performance information

• The resulted work performance information are fed into monitor and control project work (PM), the outcome
will be work performance reports

• The work performance reports will be either communicated verbally or Stored and distributed as reports.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PMBOK Guide Definition

“the raw observations and

measurements Work
collected during activities performed
to carry out the project work Performance
Data

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Data
• Is the raw data of the project’s status.
Example
• In other words, it is the current (“as of
• How much work has been completed
now”) status of various project
parameters,
• How much time has elapsed, and
• With can create work performance • The cost incurred so far.
information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Data - Example

• Compliance of requirements, • how many activities • How much work has been
have been started, completed,
• Non-conformities,
• how many activities •
• Number of change requests how much money has been
have been finished spent to date, etc.
• CR received & accepted or • the status of current
rejected, etc. ongoing activities, etc.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Data
Work Performance Data Used

• As an input to the monitoring and controlling process group.

• As a feedback into lessons learned

• To improve the performance of future work packages.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 PMBOK Guide Definition

the performance data collected from various

controlling processes, analyzed in context
and integrated based on relationships across
Work
areas
Performance
Information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Information
Work performance data will be compared with

• The project management plan

• Project Document

• Information from other controlling process

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Information
The WPI provides the project’s

• Past performance

• Any information that could impact the project in the future.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Work Performance Information - Example

Scope Schedule
Review the project’s Compare the planned
progress against the schedule and actual
scope baseline schedule

Cost Quality
Analyse planned and Analyse the planned &
actual cost to find the actual technical
cost performance and performance to find the
cost variance defects.
PMP® Exam Preparation Training
 PMBOK® Guide Definition

The physical or electronic representation of

work performance information compiled
in project documents which is indented
Work
to generate decisions or raise issues,
feedback, actions or awareness Performance
Reports

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Reports
 Used to Show the stakeholders the status of the project and its performance against the planned baselines.

 Communication tool for project managers

 Show how the project is going

 The forecast analysis of what they should expect if the project is continued in the same way, or

 What additional funds, resources, or schedule extensions may be required to complete the project if there is any deviation from the
baselines.

 These reports help management review the status and progress of the project and make a decision on a future course of action.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

• Status Reports

• Progress Report

• Trend Report

• Memos

• Justification
Work
• Information Notes Performance
• Electronic Dashboards

• Recommendation and Updates

Reports

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Reports

Content of performance reports

• A percentage of the work completed during the reporting period

• The balance of the work to be completed

• Costs incurred during the reporting period

• The balance of funds available

• The balance of time available

• Significant risks that have occurred or passed without occurring

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Reports

Content of performance reports

• Major remaining identified risks

• Variance analysis (schedule variance and cost variance)

• Performance indexes (schedule performance index and cost performance index)

• The forecasted funds required to complete the remaining work (ETC)

• The forecasted time needed to complete the remaining work

• A summary of major approved change requests during the reporting period.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Work Performance Reports

Integration Communication
Perform Integarted Change Manage Communication –
Control – Analyse Change Sending reports to respective
Request stakeholders

Resource
Management Risk Management
Manage Team Monitor Risk –
Analyse the resource Analyse Risk & Responseplan
performance information

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

Format
• Burn Down Charts

• S-Curves

• Bar Charts Work

Performan
• Histograms

• Tables

• Run Charts
ce Reports

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
All of the following are true of project life-cycles except:

a. The influence of stakeholders over the characteristics of the final

product decrease over time

b. Uncertainty and risk are highest at the beginning of the project

c. Cost levels start low then increase over time before trailing off as
the project ends

d. Staffing levels remain stable throughout the life of the project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
Your upcoming project will be the organization's first use of agile, and the sponsor asks
you about tailoring the new methodology. How do you respond to him?

• Customizing the methodology upfront will allow us to streamline the adoption process.

• Adapting the new methodology will be a good way for the team to learn about agile
practices.

• The team should become comfortable with the new methodology before we consider
changing it.

• We should wait to adjust our practices until we see where the team runs into difficulties
applying them.

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
A program is defined as:

a. An endeavor of considerable scope encompassing a number of

projects

b. A group of projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain

benefits not available from managing them individually

c. The framework by which project management can be utilized in

order to ensure completion of projects

d. The means to subdivide projects into manageable segments

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
Project management processes are organized into five groups, which
are:

a. Planning, Risk Management, Communicating, Administration,

Close-out

b. Inputs, Outputs, Controls, Execution, Planning

c. Scope Control, Schedule Control, Cost Control, Quality Control,

Risk Control

d. Controlling, Planning, Closing, Executing, Initiating

PMP® Exam Preparation Training

 Question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Project stakeholders:

a. They may be difficult to identify

b. Their interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result

of the successful project completion

c. They are individuals and organizations who are actively involved

in the project

d. They always share common objectives for the Project

PMP® Exam Preparation Training