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4. Speed Control Dc Motor

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Manoj Harsule
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3 views

4. Speed Control Dc Motor

Uploaded by

Manoj Harsule
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Speed Control of Direct Current Motors

Speed control of DC motors


• According to the speed equation of a dc motor
• N α Eb/φ
• α V- Ia Ra/ φ
• Thus speed can be controlled by-
• Flux control method: By Changing the flux by
controlling the current through the field winding.
• Armature control method: By Changing the armature
resistance which in turn changes the voltage applied
across the armature
Flux control
• Advantages of flux control:
It provides relatively smooth and easy control
Speed control above rated speed is possible
As the field winding resistance is high the field current is
small. Power loss in the external resistance is small . Hence
this method is economical
• Disadvantages:

Flux can be increased only upto its rated value


High speed affects the commutation, motor operation
becomes unstable
Armature voltage control method
The speed is directly proportional to the voltage
applied across the armature .
Voltage across armature can be controlled by adding
a variable resistance in series with the armature
Potential divider control :
If the speed control from zero to the rated speed is
required , by rheostatic method then the voltage
across the armature can be varied by connecting
rheostat in a potential divider arrangement .
Speed Control Variables
• Resistance in armature circuit: When a resistance is inserted in the
armature circuit, the speed drop (Dw) increases and the motor speed
decreases.
• Terminal voltage (armature voltage): Reducing the armature voltage of
the motor reduces the motor speed.
• Field flux (or field voltage): Reducing the field voltage reduces the flux.
The motor speed then increases.
Attributes of good speed controller
• Soft transition
• Sufficient speed damping
• Over-voltage must not exceed the tolerable limit of the system
components.
• The magnitude of the input current should be kept under control
• Natural electromechanical oscillations should be avoided.
Speed control of DC shunt motor
• Flux control method

7
A 500 V shunt motor runs at its normal speed of 250 rpm when the armature
current is 200A. The resistance of armature is 0.12 ohm. Calculate the speed
when a resistance is inserted in the field reducing the shunt field to 80% of
normal value and the armature current is 100A.

8
A 250V dc shunt motor has armature resistance of 0.25 ohm, on load it takes
an armature current of 50A and runs at 750rpm. If the flux is reduced by
10% without changing the load torque, find the new speed of the motor.

9
10
Speed control of DC shunt motor
• Armature control method
• Pd across armature reduces

11
Ward Leonard system
Speed control of series motor
• Flux control method
a. Field Divertors
b. Armature divertors
c. Trapped field control field
d. Paralleling field coils
• Variable resistance in series with motor
• Series parallel control
Speed control of series motor
Flux control method
• Field Divertors
Any desired amount of current can be passed
• Armature divertors
Speed control of series motor
• Flux control method
Trapped field control field
• Speed can be raised in steps

Paralleling field coils


• Several speeds can be obtained
A DC series motor operates at 800 rpm with a line current of 100A
from 230V mains. Its armature circuit resistance is 0.15 ohm and its
field resistance is 0.1 ohm. Find the speed at which motor runs at a line
current of 25A, assuming that the flux at this current is 45% of the flux
at 100A.
2. Variable resistance in series with motor
If Radd

Ia
Ea
Vf Rf Vt

Ra
Vt Ra
1   2
T  o  1
Speed K  ( K )

Radd1<R add2<R add3


Ra

o 1

2
Ra + R add1

3
Ra + R add3
Ra + R add2
4
Torque

Vt Ra  Radd
2  T  o   2
K ( K  )2
3. Series parallel control
• For low speed, connected in series
• For High speed, connected in Parallel
• When in series, two motors have same
current passing through them, although
voltage across each is V/2.
• When in parallel, two motors have same
voltage across them, although current
through each is I/2.

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