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Introduction to Quadcopters

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97 views39 pages

Introduction to Quadcopters

Uploaded by

prakash poudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dropping Mechanism by a Quadcopter

Presented by: Bishal Marasini, Chanakya Aryal, Prakash


Poudel, Vimochan Kulung Rai , Yashaswi Shrestha
Introduction to
Quadcopters

Understanding the Basics of


UAV Technology
What is a
Quadcopter?

• A quadcopter is a type of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
that uses four rotors for lift and
control.

• Key Features:
• - Stability
• - Maneuverability
• - Versatility
• Basic Components:
• - Frame
• - Motors and Propellers
• -ESCs
• - Battery
How Does a • - Flight Controller
Quadcopter
Work? • Working Principle:
• - Lift generated by spinning rotors
• - Differential rotor speeds for
direction control
• - Controlled via remote or onboard
software
Applications of
Quadcopters

• Commercial Uses:
- Aerial photography and videography
- Delivery services

• Industrial Applications:
- Infrastructure inspection
- Agriculture (e.g., crop monitoring)

• Military and Security:


• - Surveillance and reconnaissance

• Recreational Use:
- Hobby flying and racing
Advantages of
Quadcopters

• Key Benefits:
• - Vertical take-off and landing
• - High maneuverability
• - Compact size
• - Cost-effective compared to
other UAVs
Challenges and
Limitations

• Challenges:
• - Limited battery life
• - Weather sensitivity

• Legal and Ethical Concerns:


• - Privacy issues
• - Airspace regulations
F450 Quadcopter Drone Frame

Description:
The F450 Quadcopter Drone Frame with Integrated PCB (Good Quality) is designed to
provide a stable and reliable platform for quadcopter builds.
It is a versatile frame suitable for a wide range of applications, including aerial
photography, FPV (First-Person View) racing, and drone experimentation.

The “good quality” version indicates that this frame is manufactured to higher standards,
offering better materials and craftsmanship compared to budget options.
Flight Controller
● Purpose: Acts as the drone's brain, processing sensor data to control the motors.
● Examples:
○ Pixhawk
○ APM 2.8
○ KK2.1.5
● Functions:
○ Stabilizes flight
○ Controls drone orientation
○ Supports GPS and other sensors

ESCs (Electronic Speed Controllers)


● Purpose: Regulates the power to the motors based on signals from the flight controller,Typically 20A–40A for
F450 drones.
● Placement: One ESC per motor.
● Function: Converts DC power into 3-phase AC for brushless motors.
Motors
● Type: Brushless DC motors
● Typical Models:

○ 2212 920KV
○ 2216 810KV
● Function: Provides thrust for lift and maneuverability.
● Configuration: CW and CCW for balanced flight.

Propellers
● Material: Plastic or carbon fiber
● Size: 10x4.5 inches (typical for F450)
● Function: Converts motor power into thrust for lift.
● Tip: Match propeller type with motor KV and ESC capacity.
Power Distribution
● Component: Integrated PCB or external PDB
● Function: Distributes power from the battery to ESCs,

flight controller, and accessories.

● Feature: Reduces wiring clutter.

Battery
● Type: Lithium Polymer (LiPo)
● Common Specs: 3S (11.1V) or 4S (14.8V), 2200mAh–5000mAh
● Function: Provides power to all electronics.
● Note: Choose based on flight time and payload requirements.

GPS and Compass Module


● Purpose: Enables autonomous flight and navigation.
● Placement: Mounted on a stand to reduce interference.
● Function: Assists in position hold and return-to-home (RTH).
FPV System (Optional)
● Components:

○ FPV Camera
○ Video Transmitter (VTX)
○ Antenna
● Function: Provides a first-person view for piloting.
● Usage: Ideal for racing or exploring.

Accessories and Sensors


● LED Lights: For orientation and visibility.
● Telemetry Module: Sends real-time data to the ground station.
● Gimbal (Optional): Stabilizes cameras for smooth video recording.
Specifications:
Assembling quadcopter

• Attach the F450 frame parts securely using screws.


• Mount the motors onto the designated arms of the frame.
• Install the ESCs (Electronic Speed Controllers) near each motor and connect them.
• Secure the power module and connect it to the battery and flight controller.
• Attach the Pixhawk 4 flight controller to the center
Optionof
A the frame.

• Connect the GPS module to the flight controller.


• Mount the transmitter/receiver for Option
remote B
control functionality.
• Connect the telemetry system for data monitoring.
• Attach the propellers to the motors (ensure correct orientation).
• Secure the LiPo battery and connect it to the power module.
• Calibrate the flight controller and check all connections.
Pixhawk 4 & QGC
Everything to know about
WHAT is pixhawk?
• Pixhawk 4 is an advanced open-source flight computer and
controller designed for drones and unmanned vehicles, providing
high performance, improved sensors, and extensive input/output
capabilities.
Let's talk
about
gearing up
the Pixhawk
4.
Using QGround
control:

•QGroundControl (QGC) is an open-


source ground control station (GCS)
application designed for managing and
operating drones and other unmanned
vehicles.Its user-friendly interface and
support for various autopilots (e.g., PX4,
ArduPilot) make it a popular choice for
drone operators and developers.
Adding External Servo
In I/O PWM OUT In FMU PWM OUT
You can set it from
parameters too.
Selecting channel for manual control
Enabling PRE-
ARM mode

This enables the control of


external systems without
arming the vehicle.
Planning a mission.
Inserting
GeoFence
Geofencing is a critical feature in mission
planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAVs) to ensure operational safety,
regulatory compliance, and mission
success. They define operational
boundaries for the drone, ensuring it
doesn’t stray into unintended areas,
even in the event of a malfunction or
GPS drift.
Uploading mission in pixhawk 4
Log file

Flight Review

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