Internet and World Wide Web (WWW)

Prepared by: Mr. Amrevuawho O. F.

Internet
• Internet is a network of the networks.
• It is a global network of computers.
• Internet is a collection of millions of computers around the world that
are all connected to one another.
• These computers are connected through different
telecommunication links like:
 Phone Lines.
 Fiber Optics Lines.
 Satellite and Wireless Connections.
• A computer connected to the internet will either act as a host or
server or both.
• These computers uses a common protocol called TCP/IP for
Internet
• No government or organization is the owner of Internet.
• Many people, organizations, universities and research agencies
participates to run and the development of the Internet.
• Different organization sets standards for the Internet .i.e. IETF, ISO,
IEEE etc.
Uses of Internet.
• To access information, news, research and education material.
• To conduct business.
• To access sources of entertainment such as online games, magazines
etc.
• To meet and talk with people around the world in discussion groups or
chat rooms.
• To access other computers and exchange files.
• To send and receive E-mail messages.
• To shop for goods and services.
History of Internet
The work on Internet was started during cold war of Russia and America.
• ARPANET:
In 1957, during the Cold War, Russia launched
Sputnik satellite and America developed a
network known as ARPANET.
ARPANET was developed by ARPA.
ARPA worked on project to send information to
armed forces at long distance.
Different organization and universities were
involved in this research.
• Paul Baran:
In 1964, Paul Baran published a paper on
History of Internet
It included:
Decentralization of data storage.
Data packets as unit of data transfer.
Routes for data transfer.
• NCP Protocol:
Protocol is a collection of rules that makes the
communication possible and efficient.
In 1970s, Network Control Protocol was
developed.
It was the first standard protocol for data transfer.
• DARPA:
History of Internet
DARPA started work to share information not only
on single network but also among different and
scattered networks.
• TCP/IP:
TCP/IP was developed by Stanford Research
Institute.
It was designed to share and transfer data among
different networks.
• BITNET and CSNET:
BITNET (Because It’s Time Network) and CSNET
(Computer Science Network) were established
for non- military persons.
History of Internet
• World Wide Network:
Different universities and research institutions
started work on a global network (Internet).
In 1986, NSFNet (National Science Foundation
Network) was developed. It connected academic
research institutions of different countries together.
• Internet:
Internet is now the largest network in the world.
Millions of computers are connected together
through different mediums.
Any computer with a modem and telephone line
can become a part of the Internet.
Connection to the Internet
• Computer:
Any computer can be used for connection to Internet.
• DSL Modem:
DSL modem is an electronic device that converts digital data
form the computer to an analog form and vice versa.
• ISP Connection:
ISP provides the link between the computer and the Internet.
A person has to get an account of an ISP for establishing a
connection to the Internet.
• Web Browser:
Web browser is a software that is used to view web pages .i.e.
Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator etc.
IP Addressing
• Each computer on the Internet has a unique IP address, that are used
by the computers to communication.
• IP address is a 32-bits address represented in decimal format.
• It consists of four parts (octets) separated by period. Each part can
have a value between 0 and 255.
• An IP address consists of TWO parts:
Network Address: It shows the network to which the computer is
attached or connected. It depends on the class to which IP belongs.
Host Address: It represents the hosts uniquely on the network.
Example of IP Addressing
• IP = 192.168.10.1

Network Address
Host Address

• Servers normally has static IP address, whereas a

• computer gets an IP address form the ISP each time it is connected.
Uniform Resource Locater (URL)
• IP addresses are difficult to remember for the users.
• An alternative to the IP address assigned to a server is a textual
name called URL.

• Scheme: Scheme is the protocol used to access web pages on the

Internet .i.e. HTTP.
• Server: Server is the textual name of the server.
• Path: It is the reference to a particular piece of information on the
Server.
• DNS is used to convert IP address into URL and vice versa.
Service of Internet
Word Wide Web
• It is a collection of documents or web pages stored on computers
permanently connected with the Internet around the world.
• A collection of related web pages is called website.
• The web pages in a website are connected to one another using
hyperlinks.
• E-mail
• E-commerce
• Telnet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Chatting and Instant Messaging
Basic Terminologies of Internet
• HTTP: is the protocol used to make web requests (web page on
the Internet).
• HTML: is the fundamental language to design web pages.
• Webmaster: A person who develops and maintains a website.
• ISP: is a company that provides a connection between the
user’s computer and the Internet.
The common type of connection is dial-up using modems
on normal telephone lines.
ISP provides the facilities like FTP and E-mail.
Examples are Comsats, Brain Net etc.
Advantages of Internet
• Information Search
• E-mail
• E-commerce
• Online Results
• Fast Communication
• Entertainment
• Online Education:
• Advertisement:
• Video Conferencing:
Disadvantages of Internet
• Security problems and Hacking
• Immorality.
• Viruses
• Wastage of Time
• Cyber Crimes
Web Browser
• A web browser is an application software that acts as an
interface between the user and the Internet. It has the
capability to understand HTML. It can display text and graphics.
Browsers are also known as web clients or universal clients.
• Two types of browsers:
• Text-based Browsers: It displays only textual information, not
graphics.
Text is all of the same size and can only be either
underlined or boldface. It supports only keyboard to move in the
web page. It does not support mouse. e.g. Lynx.
• Graphical Browsers: It can display both text and graphics. Web
page contents can be formatted in any way and colors. It
Web Server
• Web server is a software running on a computer much faster
and powerful than an ordinary PC computer.
• Commonly the computer running with web server software is
called web server.
• Web server shares the web pages stored on the web server
computer among the users upon request.
• Web server computer can be located anywhere in the world
and is connected to the Internet 24 hours a day.
• A web server can host any number of websites depending on
its performance.
• A web server receives a web request form a web browser and
Web Development
• Web development is the process of creating websites and web
applications. It involves a combination of programming, design,
and content creation to build functional and visually appealing
web pages. Web development can be broadly divided into two
categories: frontend development and backend development.
• Frontend development focuses on the user interface and user
experience. It involves creating the visual elements and
interactive components that users see and interact with. Key
technologies in frontend development include: HTML, CSS,
JavaScript.
• Backend development focuses on the server-side logic and
database management. It involves handling data storage,
Text Editors and Integrated De-
velopment Environments (IDEs)
• Frontend developers use text editors and Integrated
Development Environments (IDEs) to write, edit, and manage
their code. These tools provide features like syntax highlighting,
code completion, and debugging capabilities, making the
development process more efficient and error-free.
• Popular Text Editors and IDEs are: Visual Studio Code (VS Code),
Sublime Text, Atom, Brackets, and Notepad++.
• Some features of Modern Text Editors are: Syntax Highlighting,
Code Completion (IntelliSense), Debugging Tools and Version
Control Integration