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Lecture 4.1 of DC

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Lecture 4.1 of DC

Uploaded by

vermanew2001
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Faculty Name: Preeti sohni

Year/Branch: III Year/ EC


Subject Code: EC-502
Subject Name: Digital Communication
LECTURE 4.1
Content

 Unit Introduction

 Matched Filter

 Correlator
Unit 4

Matched filter and correlator detector

Gram Schmidt orthogonalization procedure

Concept of signal space

BER for BPSK

BER for QPSK

BER for QAM

BER for coherent BFSK

Comparison of different modulation


techniques
Matched Filter

A basic problem that often arises in the study of


communication systems is that of detecting a pulse
transmitted over a channel that is corrupted by channel noise

A matched filter is a linear filter designed to provide the


maximum signal-to-noise power ratio at its output. This is
very often used at the receiver.
Matched Filter

 x(t) is Filter Input, corrupted by additive noise w(t).

 g(t) is binary symbol 1 or 0 and modulated signal.

 w(t) is white noise with zero mean and PSD N0/2.


Matched Filter

 The function of the receiver is to detect the pulse signal


g(t) in an optimum manner, given the received signal
x(t).

 The source of uncertainty lies in the noise w(t).

 optimize the design of the filter so as to minimize the


effects of noise at the filter output in some statistical
sense, and thereby enhance the detection of the pulse

signal g(t)

Since the filter is linear,


the resulting output y(t)
will be

go(t) = recovered signal


Matched Filter

This is equivalent to
maximizing the peak pulse
signal-to-noise
ratio, defined as
Instantaneous
power in the output
signal

Average noise
power
Matched Filter

So that in the receiver, we choose LTI filter whose


impulse response h(t), is such that the output signal-to-
noise ratio is maximized.

Signal Power

Let g(f) and h(f) denoted the Fourier Transform of g(t) and h(t).
Matched Filter

Noise Power

Since w(t) is white with a power spectral density N0 / 2 ,


the spectral density function of Noise is
Matched Filter

Signal to Noise Ratio becomes

The Output is taken at t = T


Matched Filter

Determine the transfer function H(f) for given G(f). Which


would maximize the SNR ( ɳ ), so that we use Schwarz’s
inequality, which states for two complex signal
Matched Filter

Apply Schwarz’s inequality to the numerator of eq. No. 1

After applying schwarz’s inequality , the SNR (ɳ ) would be

OR
Matched Filter

From derivation , we can observe that SNR would not depend on H(f).
SNR depends only on
 Signal power
 Noise Power spectral density
The optimum value of H(f) is then obtained as
H ( f ) = k G* ( f ) exp(− j2πfT)

Taking the inverse Fourier transform of H(f) we have


Matched Filter

The impulse response of filter in time domain is


 Time reversed of input signal, and
 Time delayed of function of input signal

This means, filter is matched to input signal, that is why this LTI
filter is known as Matched Filter
Matched Filter ( Properties )

Property 1 : A filter which is matched to a known signal g(t) of duration T is


characterized by an impulse response h(t) which is a time reversed and delayed
version of the input g(t). The spectrum of the output signal of a matched filter
with the matched signal as input is, except for a time delay factor, proportional
to the energy spectral density of the input signal.

Time Domain h (t)

Frequency Domain h (t)

Property 2 : The output signal of a matched filter is proportional to a shifted


version of the autocorrelation function of the in the input signal to which the
filter is matched.
Matched Filter ( Properties )

Property (3):

The output SNR of a matched filter depends only on the ratio of


the signal energy to the psd of the white noise at the filter input.

Property (4):

The matched-filtering operation may be separated into two


matching condition: namely, spectral phase matching that
produces the desired output peak at t = T and spectral
amplitude matching that gives the peak value its optimum SNR.
Correlator

 Correlator detector is a little different type of receiver.


 The correlator circuit correlates the received signal f(t) with
a
stored replica of the known signal x(t)
Locally generated Signal
x(t) An
Integrator t=T

ʃ y (T)
Input noisy signal Y(t)
f(t) = x(t) + n(t)
Block Diagram of a Correlator

f (t) = Input noisy signal

The signal f (t) is multiplied to the locally generated replica of


input signal x(t).
Correlator

 The result of multiplication is then integrated .

 The output of the integrator is sampled at t = T ( At the


end of one symbol period)

 Based on this sampled value , decision is made.

 Output

At t = T this equation becomes output of correlator

y (T) =
From this equation you can observed that output equation of
matched filter and correlator both are identical.
Thank You

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