WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?

• Is attributed directly or indirectly to human

activities that alter the composition of the
global atmosphere, in addition to natural
climate variability observed over
comparable time periods.
 HOW WILL CLIMATE CHANGE?
• Global average surface temperature increased by 0.74•C
in 1960-2005, which is higher than the third Assessment
Report (the Inter- government Panel on Climate Change)
of 0.60•C for 1901-2000.
• Global average sea level rose due to increase in the
global average surface temperature at an average rate
of 1.8 mm per year over 1961 to 2003 or a total of 0.7m
for the 21st century.
• There are projected increase for further warming from
1.4•C (centegrade) to 5.8•C during the 21st century,
leading to an increase in the level from 18-59 cm by
2100.
• The rise in temperature has been “very likely” caused by
human activity and due to increase in the release in the
atmosphere of greenhouse gases.
• Human induced warming and see level rise would
continue for centuries due to the increase associated
with climate processes and feedback, even if
greenhouse gas concentration were to be stabilized.
WHAT ARE THE MANIFESTATIONS/ SIGNAL OF
GLOBAL WARMING IN THE PHILIPPINE
• In the Philippines, there are already trends of increasing
number of hot days and warm night, but decreasing
number of cold days and cool nights. Both maximum
temperature are generally warmer.
• A substantial amount of coral reefs in the country have
been found to have been affected by bleaching during
events of warmer sea surface temperature. Bleaching of
the coral reefs is associated with the loss of symbolic
algae and/ or their pigment, and the death of the corals if
the warming of the sea surface temperature are
prolonged.
CAN THE CLIMATE BE CHANGED BY US?

It may seem, unbelievable that people can actually

change the Earth’s climate, but scientist have observed
that people do send greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere that make our planet warmer. During the
industrial revolution, we began altering our climate and
environment through agriculture and industrial practices.
Before this human activity release very few gases into
the atmosphere. But now because of population growth,
fossil fuel burning and deforestation, we are affecting
the mixture of gases in the atmosphere. Since the
industrials revolution, the need for energy to run
machines has steady increase. Energies that make cars
run, light and cool our homes, comes from fossil fuels.
Burning these fuels release greenhouse gases.
 WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE?
• ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
Added heat stress, shifting monsoons, drier soils and
water shortages as a result of higher temperature will
affect livestock and crop production, patterns with
expanded range of weeds, insects and diseases which
may reduce global food supplies and contribute to higher
food prices.

for every 1•C increase in the temperature, rice yields will

decrease by 0.6 tons per hectare. For every 75 part per
million of carbon dioxide concentration, rice yields will
increase by 0.5 tons per hectare.
Global yield from marine fisheries may be negatively
affected by upsets in established reproductive patterns,
migration routes and ecosystem. Relationships.
• ON HUMAN HEALTH
There will be increase in health problems and death due
to greater frequency and severity of heat waves and
other extreme weather events.

largely to be affected are those suffering from respiratory

and cardiovascular disorder as they vector-borne
diseases.

Changes in weather patterns can leaded to an increase

in skin cancer and eye diseases such as cataract.
• ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS
Plants and animals are very sensitive to change.
Changes in weather patterns will alter ocean circulation
and wave patterns, affecting biological productivity.
Nutrient availability and marine ecological structure and
functions. Sea level may inundate and erode coastal
areas, increase flooding and saltwater intrusion, and
may even cause extremely weather events like high
tides, storm surges, and tsunamis. These could affect
coastal agriculture, tourism, freshwater resources,
fisheries and aquaculture, human settlements and
health.
 WHAT IS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
• The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the
Earth experiences because certain gases in the
atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
methane, etc.) trap energy from the sun. without these
gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth
average temperature would be about 60•f colder.
Because they warm our planet, these gases are referred
to as greenhouse gases.
 WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF
GREENHOUSE GASES?
• The following are the greenhouse gases and their
sources
• Carbon Dioxide(CO2)- from industries and motor
vehicles
• Methane (CH2)- from natural (i.e. wetlands) and human-
influenced sources (i.e. agriculture, natural gas activities,
and landfills) more than half of the emission are from
human activities.
• Nitrous Oxide (N2O)- from automobile exhaust, industrial
activities, biomass burning and intensive agriculture.
• Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), Per fluorocarbons(PFCs),
Sulfur Hex fluorocarbons (SFs)- from aerosol and
industrial coolant.
 WHEN DO YOU SEND GREENHOUSE
GASES INTO THE AIR?
• Whenever you….watch TV, use the air conditioner, turn
on the light, use a hair dryer, drive a car, play a video
game, listen to stereo, use washing machine, microwave
a meal…. You are sending greenhouse gases in to air.
To perform many of these functions, electricity is needed.
Electricity comes from power plants. Most power plant
use coal and oil to make electricity. Burning coal and oil
produces greenhouse gases.
 THERE ARE OTHER THINGS WE DO THAT ALSO
SEND GREENHOUSE GASES TO THE AIR!
• The trash that we send to disposal sites produces
methane, a greenhouse gas. When factories make
things that we buy and use everyday, they to are sending
greenhouse gases into air.
 WE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!
• Global warming may be big problem, but are many little
things we can do to make a difference. If we try most of
us can do our part to reduce the amount of greenhouse
gases that we put into planet a better place:
 READ
• Learning about the environment is very important. There
are plenty of books that will help you to learn. You can
also look at the websites with information about the
environment and climate change.
 SAVE ELECTRICITY
• Whenever you use electricity, you send
greenhouse gases into the air. You can lessen
this by turning off the light, the television and the
computer after you are through with them.
 TAKE THE MRT, BIKE, WALK

• You can save energy by taking a mass rail

transit, riding a bike or walking.
 PLANT TREES
• Planting trees is fun and a great way to reduce
greenhouse gases. Trees absorb carbon dioxide
from the air.
 REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE

• When you reduce, reuse, and recycle, you send

less trash and help save resources like trees, oil,
aluminum, and others.
 SOME THINGS TO THINK ABOUT

• Buy recycle products. These are usually made

out things that already have been used. It often
takes less energy to make recycled product than
to make new ones. The less energy we use, the
better.
 WHEN YOU BUY, BUY INTELLIGENTLY.
• There are many ways we can improve the environment
and lessen the greenhouse gases is to buy energy-
efficient products that don’t use as much energy. Some
product have models that are made especially to save
energy like cars, air conditioners, refrigerators.