Mediums and

Techniques:
Photography
DSLR camera (photography
and filmmaking)
short for Digital Single Lens Reflex
Camera, is the most popular type
of camera in the market. It
combines the optics and
mechanisms of a single-lens reflex
camera with a digital imaging
sensor which results into a realistic
or true-to-life image. Another
advantage of a DSLR camera is
that the lenses are detachable, so
 DSLR camera (photography
and filmmaking)

e For example, a wide-angle

lens is suited in shooting
photographs, landscape
while a telephoto lens is
excellent for capturing
s
Figure 1: A digital single
lens reflex camera wildlife
photos.
DSLR camera (photography
and filmmaking)
Additionally, DSLR cameras have F
an optical viewfinder which l
provides the photographer a p
view of the area of what is w
e
included in the frame, as well as
F
show other information, such as
l
exposure, focus, and metering. p
DSLR camera (photography
and filmmaking)
In filmmaking, they are great for low
light and shallow focus shots, which ar
great for capturing “cinematic” scenes
The most popular manufacturers of
DSLR cameras as Canon and Nikon.
Other brands include Fuji, Pentax, and
Sigma.
Mirrorless camera
(photography and
filmmaking)
also known as compact
system camera (CSC), is a
kind of camera that has no
reflex mirror, hence the
name, which means that
light passes through the
camera directly to the
digital sensor.
Mirrorless camera
(photography and
filmmaking)
Compared to DSLR cameras, they
are slimmer, smaller, and lighter,
which makes them more
convenient to carry around.
Another key difference between
mirrorless cameras and DSLR
cameras is that mirrorless cameras
feature a digital display, instead of
the traditional optical viewfinder.
Mirrorless camera
(photography and
filmmaking)

Mirrorless cameras are

manufactured by companies
like Sony, Nikon, Canon,
Leica, and Panasonic.
Point and Shoot cameras
(photography and
filmmaking) also referred to as compact
cameras, are designed for
simple purposes, like shooting
vacation pictures or family
pictures. It is ideal for people
who have no interest in
photography and just want to
capture photos.
Point and Shoot cameras
(photography and
filmmaking) Point and
Shoot cameras use
focus-free lenses or autofocus
and an automatic system for
setting exposure. A
disadvantage of using these is
that the photo and video
quality are not that great,
compared to most of the other
Smartphone camera
(photography and
filmmaking)
is the camera that comes with
mobile phones. Nowadays,
almost all smartphones come
with at least 3 cameras, which
usually include the main wide
angle, ultrawide, and a front-
facing camera.
Smartphone camera
(photography and
filmmaking)
A huge advantage of using a
smartphone camera is that the
photos are tweaked and improved •
Smartphone camera (photography
and filmmaking) is the camera that
comes with mobile phones. through
the phone’s software, like the blur or
bokeh effect usually done by DSLR
cameras.
Smartphone camera
(photography and
filmmaking)
Another plus for these is the
ability to edit photos and videos
using the different applications.
Instant camera
(photography only)

introduced by the Polariod

Corporation is a kind of camera
capable of printing photos
shortly after capturing them. It is
fitted with internal development
mechanisms used to print a
photo with a self developing film.
Instant camera
(photography only)

Other than the Polaroid

Corporation, Kodak and Fujifilm
also make instant cameras.
 Action cameras
(photography and
filmmaking)

o are small cameras meant to capture

action scenes, whether they are
photos or videos. They are usually
h small, compact, and meant to be used
in rugged situations, hence they are
water-resistant.
Action cameras
(photography and
filmmaking)

Action cameras are not meant to

be used as the main camera as
their quality is not up to par with
the others in the list.
In improving one’s skill in
photography also involves
knowing what the essential
terms and jargons are used in
the field.
1.Apertu
re
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
field
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
re
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
length
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
s
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
O
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
e
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
8.Pix
e
el
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
8.Pix
e
9.Shutter
el
speed
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
8.Pix
e
9.Shutter
el
10.Viewfind
speed
er
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
8.Pix
e
9.Shutter
el
10.Viewfind
speed
11.White
er
1.Apertu
2.Depth of
re
3.Exposu
field
4.Focal
re
e
5.Focu
length
6.IS
s
7.Nois
O
8.Pix
e
9.Shutter
el
10.Viewfind
speed
11.White
er
Aperture
Aperture
is the size of the opening of
the lens, which can be wide
or small/narrow. It dictates
how light or dark a photo will
be (exposure) as well as how
much of the image is in focus
(depth of field). For exposure,
a wide aperture lets in more
light which results in a
Aperture
naperture does the
opposite. As for depth
dof field, a wide aperture
results in a blurred
background, while a
small one keeps more
he
of the foreground and
background in the
image sharp and clear.
Aperture
Aperture is measure in
f-stops: a small f-stop
like f/1.0 is considered
eld
wide, the aperture
becomes smaller or
narrower the higher the
number goes.
Depth of field
Depth of
field
refers to how much of the
image is in focus. A shallow
depth of field focuses more on
the foreground and shows a
blurred background, while with
a large depth of field, both the
foreground and background
are clear or in focus.
Exposure
Exposure
is the lightness and darkness of an
image. A dark image wherein there
is an obvious lack of light is
considered as underexposed,
whereas an image that has too
much light is called overexposed.
Focal
length
Focal length
refers to the distance between the lens and
the image it forms on the film measured in
millimeters. It dictates the angle of the view,
which is how much of the scene is captured,
as well as magnification, which is how large
individual elements will be. Essentially, it is
how zoomed in or out the image will appear.
Focal length is used in lenses. The higher the
Focu
s
 Focus
refers to what is being emphasized in a
photo. A subject that is in focus is
O considered as sharp, whereas something
that is out-of-focus appears to be blurry.
ISO
ISO
pertains to the sensitivity of the camera to
light. For instance, an ISO of 100 means the
camera is not sensitive, which is ideal in
daylight, as well as well-lit rooms or scenes;
while an ISO 3200 is sensitive to light,
making it optimal for night shots or
situations where the lighting is insufficient.
a

ally Noise
Noise
also referred to as grain, is considered as a
visual distortion in a photograph which
appears like discolored grains. It is especially
apparent when shooting in low-light
situations.
a

Pixel
Pixel
or pixel size is a small square or dots of color
in a digital image. The more pixels the camera
has, the more information about the qualities
of the light that can be captured by the
camera will be, resulting in a better-quality
final image. The pixels become evident when
enlarging or zooming in on a photo – lower
pixel counts result in a lower quality image
Shutter
speed
Shutter
speed
is the part of the camera that opens closes to
let light in and take a picture determined
through seconds (determined with a “) or
fractions of a second (e.g., 1/200).
Viewfinder
 Viewfinder

is the hole that photographers look at when

e taking a photo used in all DSLR cameras and
most mirrorless cameras.
White balance
White balance
is the color temperature of the image
measured in degree Kelvin (K). The higher the
unit is, the cooler the image will appear.
Photography is not just about pointing
at a subject and clicking a button, but
it is utilizing light along with
techniques. The following are some
basic photography techniques:
Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
1.Monochrome
Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
1.Monochrome
2.Motion Blur
Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
1.Monochrome
2.Motion Blur
3.Macro photography
Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
1.Monochrome
2.Motion Blur
3.Macro photography
4.Reflection
photography
 Photography is not just about pointing at a
subject and clicking a button, but it is utilizing
light along with techniques. The following are
some basic photography techniques:
1.Monochrome
e2.Motion Blur
3.Macro photography
4.Reflection
5.Panoramic
photography
Stitching
Monochrome
Monochrome
is capturing an image with a single
color or hue. The most popular way of
doing this is shooting in black and
white. Monochromatic shots convey a
message using color even without
much detail in the shot.
Motion Blur
Motion Blur

is the technique wherein the subject is

intentionally blurred to showcase
movement or action.
y
d
y
Macro photography
Macro photography
refers to capturing photos of small objects and
making them appear bigger than they actually
are. It also aims to showcase tiny details that
are otherwise invisible to the human eye.
y
Reflection photography
Reflection photography
showcases a mirror image of a subject
through various surfaces or objects, such
as water, glass, and mirrors, which adds
depth to a photograph.
g
e Panoramic Stitching
Panoramic Stitching
is a technique done by taking a series of
side-by-side photos then merging them.
The technique is meant to capture a scene
that would be too wide for a camera to
capture in a single shot.
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