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Lesson 5 19th Century Philippines

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24 views

Lesson 5 19th Century Philippines

Uploaded by

Joseph Orellano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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19 Century

th

of the
Philippines
Lesson 5
INTRODUCTION:

The late 18th and the early 19th century marked the
begginning of the Industrial Revolution led by the Through the
development of steam engines and the integration of
machinery in production. Britain experienced rapid
development and unbanization. While other countries were
quick to emulate British Industrialization. Spain lagged behind
its neighbors mainly because of its engagement with
Napoleonic and Carlist War and the internal power struggle
between liberal and conservative faction in Spain during the
early 19th century.
EXPLORATION: MAPPING RIZAL`S TRAVELS

Rizal dedicated most of his life`s work to the


Phillipines. However, his life can also be characterized by
his travels to different parts of the world. He travelled as a
student and these travels were important since he was
exposed to different cultures and political context. It was
also through his sojourns that he realized how low other
people`s awareness was of the Filipino identity, prompting
him to propose for a creation of a Philippine Studies
course in Philippines.
Even sholars such as Resil Mojares in his book. Waiting
for Maria Makiling observe that Rizal because a Filipino
outside the Philippines because of the body of work that he
produced about the country during his time abroad.
Economic and Political Situation of the Philippines

Some historians refer to the 19th century as a long century in


Philippines History because of numerous changes that
happened during this period. In terms of political ang
economic changes, the brief occupation of Manila by British
administration in the colonyrethink their policies so as not to
get left behind by their neighbors and to prevent another
incident such as the British occupation from happining in the
near future.
Some of the more notable reforms were the abolition
of the Galleon trade and the
opening of the Philippines to world trade in 1800. This
enabled not only the increase in
economic activities in the country and the entry of firms
from other European states, but
also the entry of foreign ideas mostly through the form
of books and other printed media
during the time.
In the case of Rizal, he was able to read various
European literatures
such as Alexander Dumas "The Count of Monte Cristo
and Cristo and The Musketeers", Andres
Bonifacio, the leader of the Katas-taasan, Kagalang-
galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak
ng Bayan, was also able to read literatures on the
French Revolution that later on
influenced some of the works of both individuals.
The end of Spain wars with the Dutch and the British, as well
as the nullification of the
slave raiding activities of the Moro, also led to the
development of agricultural lands and
the discovery of new frontiers in the Philippines. This
eventually created a change in the social and economic class
in the country with the principalias and mestizos benefitting
from these changes, thus the consequent emerge of local
elites.
In Laguna, Jose Rizal's
family was considered to be one of the local elites
in the province since they were
leasing large blocks of lands from friar estates in
Calamba.
These developments however did not help in
bridging the gap between the local elitesand the poor
and marginalized sectors in the country. This gap led
to different revoltssuch as the Basi Revolts in Ilocos
Sur and Ilicos Norte during the early 19 century.These
revolts showed the growing gap between the rich and
the poor because they
These revolts showed the growing gap between the
rich and the poor because they
were directed not only against the Spanish
authorities but also the babaknangs or elitesin the
two provinces. The implemetaion of the Cadiz
Constitution in 1812 also provideda brief legal
justification for the quest for equality since it was
stated in the documentthat all citizens of Spain,
including those in the colonies, were equal under
the law.
In Southern Tagalog areas, brigandage and
tulisanes increased their robbing,kidnapping and
pillaging activities, prompting the colonial
government to create theGuardia Civil in 1868. Some
movements such as the Cofradia de San Jose in
TAyabas,ffiuezon, on the other hand, had more
religious overtones that challenged thedominance
of the Catholic Church and the discrimination between
the religious ordersand secular priests.
Education and the Rise of the Ilustrados

But through all the reforms, perhaps the most


notable was the increase of educatedFilipinos
as the colonial government, under directives
from Spain, also started to reformeducational
institutions in the Philippines.
Filipino and Chinese-Mestizo elite
familieswho were able to capitalize on the
opening of the Philippine markets to the world
sent their children to school to take
professional courses not only in the
Philippines but also in Europe. Travelling to
Europe during that time was also made easier
with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1859.
With their education and exposure outside the
country, these individuals, who later on were
referred to as ilustrados, eventually formed the
core of a new emerging movement that asked
the colonial government for much needed
reformsin the Philippines.
This new movement, called the reform and
propaganda movement, was different from
earlier revolts because it had a more
nationalistic and racial dimension fuelled by
the sufferings and discriminations experienced
by Filipinos under the Spaniards.
The secular priests'move, along with the students'
involvement from different higher institutions in
thecountry during that time. to gain equal rights, however,
was interpreted by the Spanis had ministrators and friars as
an attempt to overthrow the government leading to massive
breakdown made against students along with some local
elites bin the country in 1872,Burgos, along with fathers
Jacinto Zamora and Mariano Gomez, were executed on
February 17, 1872.
Rizal was born in 1861 amidst all of these
political and economic reforms and
turmoils.He belonged to a local elite
family who was fortunate enough to
capitalize on the existing conditions at the
time. He was sent to school in the Philippines;
and despite the hardships that his family had to
go through during the latter part of the century,
he wasable to study in Europe.
Two things are sure, however, First is that
Rizal thought about revolution as a means of
emancipating the Philippines from Spain based
on his letters to fellow propagandistsand
friends such as Jose Alejandrino, Antonio
Luna, Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Ferdinand
Blumentritt; Secondis the founders of
Katipunan, like Andres Bonifaciol and
Deodato Arellano, weremembers of Rizal's
La Liga Filipina.
Rizal actively participated in the propaganda
movement whilehe was studying in Europe.
Later on, he moved back to the
Philippines in 1892 establishing LaLiga
Filipina. Rizal's inviolvement in the revolution is
still a controversial issue among historians today,
with some arguing that Rizal was not in favour of
ther evolution; while others see Rizal being one
of the main influences of the KKK.
Thank you for
listening everyone:

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