Wat

er
AQUA
AVENGERS
 Group
Leader
• Anaya Nayer

Group
Members
• Eiman Almas
• Aisha Shoaib
• Khansa Jabir
• Remas Abdullah
• Haniya Imran
• Mishal Fatima
• Fiza Fatima
Water
• Eshal Victor 3
Presentation • Mahnoor Rana
 CONTENTS

• Visiting water testing laboratory

• Interview of medical specialist
• Interview of dermatologist
• Visiting leather factory
• Natural way of filtering water
• Plantation of drought resistant plants
• Creating awareness
• Social media campaign
• Survey for saving water
 Introduction to Water
•
Awareness
Vision: To Empower communities to protect and preserve water resources for future generation.

• Mission: Our goal is to educate and inspire individuals, especially children, to value and
conserve water resources. We strive to promote the use of water filters and filtration plants,
ensuring access to clean drinking water for all. Through awareness and action, we aim to
safeguard our planet's most precious resource for future generations.

• Problem Statement: We choose to work on this topic as without water life seems clearly
impossible, water is a primary need of live either it's humans, plants or animals. Access to
clean water always remains a significant issue, especially in areas like Sialkot which is known
for industries. These industries cause water pollution if water waste and chemicals are not
treated properly resulting in hazardous impact on localities.

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Presentation
WATER TESTING LAB
Water Testing Lab Results
 OUR CONCLUSION
UNDERSTANDING WATER QUALITY

• Ensure safe drinking water : verify water purity and detect

contaminants
• Identify waterborne health risk: detect bacteria viruses and
parasites
• Monitor water pollution : track industrial, agricultural or
domestic contaminants

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

• Learn about water cycle and conservation

• Understanding the impact of human activities on water
resources
• Discover sustainable water management practices
 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
1. Engage with local water conservation initiatives
2. Participate in citizen science project
3. Contribute to water policy development
PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT
4. Enhance skills in water quality analysis
5. Network with water industry professionals
6. Stay updated on latest technologies and methodologies
PERSONAL BENEFITS
7. Peace of mind : Know your water is safe
8. Improved health : Avoid waterborne illness
9. Environmental stewardship: Contribute to sustainable future
 Visiting a water testing laboratory offers valuable insights into
water quality, conservation, and sustainability, benefiting
individuals, communities, and the environment.In total there are
twenty test, from which three are done by TDs meter and rest of
6 by photometers and other by chemicals. By using lower
quality filter water it also extracts out the minerals in water from
it so we should only use high quality filters .The worst water is
Water
laboratory
in pasrur and overall water is sweet. The ideal pH level for
drinking water is between 6.5 and 8.5, as recommended by the
World Health Organization (WHO) and the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA).

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 Here's a breakdown of pH levels for drinking
•water:
Acceptable pH range:6.5-8.5
• Optimal pH range: 7.0 - 7.8
If it is below then 6.5: Acidic water (may corrode
pipes, leach metals)
• - 6.0-6.4: Mildly acidic (may affect taste, odor)
• 5.5-5.9: Acidic (potentially harmful)
• Above 8.5: Alkaline water (may cause scaling, affect
taste)
Water
pH levels also have effects on health:
laboratory • - pH < 6.0: Increased risk of gastrointestinal problems
• - pH 6.0-6.9: Generally considered safe
• - pH 7.0-7.9: Optimal for human consumption
• - pH 8.0-8.9: May cause mineral buildup, kidney
stone
issues
• - pH > 9.0: Potential for alkalosis (elevated blood pH)

Water 11
Presentation
 Interview of
We have visited the doctor professor.Mian Mansoor Hassan
(Medical specialist). The agenda to visit a medical specialist
medical
was that we want to know about the diseases caused by specialist for
water. There are many diseases caused by water and disease caused
Typhoid is one of them. Typhoid fever is a bacterial by water
infection caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). The
primary cause of spread is Water and food.

Typhoid spreads through:

• 1. Consuming contaminated water (drinking, cooking,
or ice)
• 2. Eating contaminated food (raw/undercooked
vegetables, fruits, meat)
• 3. Direct contact with infected faeces or urine

Water 12
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 Interview of
Waterborne transmission:
medical
• 1. Fecal contamination of water sources (rivers, specialist for
lakes, wells) disease caused
• 2. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices by water
• 3. Inadequate water treatment (filtration, chlorination)
• 4. Leaks in water pipes, allowing contaminated water
to
enter

Risk factors:

• 1. Travel to endemic areas (South Asia, Southeast

Asia,
Africa)
• 2. Poor sanitation and hygiene
• 3. Consuming street food or untreated water
• 4. Weakened immune system
Water 13
Presentation
 Interview of
Prevention:
medical
• 1. Drink safe, treated water specialist for
• 2. Wash hands frequently disease caused
• 3. Avoid raw/undercooked food by water
• 4. Get vaccinated (especially for travelers)
• 5. Improve sanitation and hygiene practices

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Presentation
 Interview of
The second disease spread by water is Dengue.Dengue
fever is caused by the Dengue virus (DENV),
medical
transmitted through: specialist for
• 1. Mosquito bites (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). disease caused
• 2. Primary breeding sites: Standing water, flooded
by water
areas.
• 3. Contaminated water sources: Stagnant water,
clogged
drains.
• 4. Mosquito larvae thrive in warm, humid environments.
• 5. Water storage containers (tanks, drums)
without screens.
• 6. Flooded construction sites, abandoned pools.
• 7. Poor waste management, discarded tires/trash.
• 8. Inadequate drainage, clogged gutters.
• 9. Climate change: Warmer temperatures,
changing rainfall.
• 10. Human travel/migration: Virus spread through
Water infected individuals. 15
Presentation
 Interview of
Prevention:
• Eliminate standing water sources. medical
• Use mosquito repellents, nets. specialist for
• Wear protective clothing. disease caused
• Vaccination (approved in some countries).
• Surveillance and monitoring.
by water
• Water plays a significant role in Dengue transmission,
as
mosquitoes breed in stagnant water.

Diarrhea
• 1. Food poisoning.
• 2. Contaminated water.
• 3. Poor sanitation and hygiene.
• 4. Inadequate water treatment.
• 5. Food handling errors.
• 6. Undercooked/RAW food.
• 7. Weakened immune system.
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Presentation
 Interview of
Diseases due to contaminated water: dermatologist
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked
to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A-typhoid and polio.
A brief historical review of the diseases of solid waste
workers indicates an awareness of health hazards for 250
years. It can cause ICD (Ivitant contact dermatitis) in
employes working in tanneries hair dyes ppt can also
cause ICD.
Forty-three percent of the laboring groups volunteered for
a dermatologic examination, Occupational dermatoses
most commonly induded callused palms, anterior legs and
hand dermatitis.

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 Interview of
Among many non-occupational dermatoses noted certain dermatologist
microbial infections indirectly related to the work.
It can also cause intestinal infection, which
includes diarrhea, vomiting, fever etc.
Contaminated water or industrial garbage also leads to
leads to hepatitis A, which leads to pale eyes and liver
damage.
Carcinoma / cancer is another reason contaminated water.
ICD also causes lichen planus, which leads to shinny red
on purple bumps.

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 Visiting Leather Factory

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 Visiting Leather Factory

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Visiting leather factory
 Waste water treatment
Pre-treatment Stage

Screening and Filtration: The wastewater is coarse-coated by pre-treating it

with screens to get rid of over-sized pieces of trash such leaves soaps and hair
among others.

Sedimentation: Wastewater is retained in tanks filled with still waters which

allow the deposition of heavy soot like particles (sludge) at the bottom.

Oil and Grease Removal: Oils and greases are removed using skimmers or oil-
separation tanks.

Primary Treatment

pH Adjustment: Various chemicals that cause a pH imbalance have been used

in leather tanning processes. Lime or sulfuric acid is sometimes added to balance
Primary Sedimentation
The previous step was to solids contact tanks, in which these flocs are allowed to settle
in the tanks, thereby reducing the turbidity of the water and also aiding in the removal of
non-filterable solids.

Secondary Treatment (Biological)

Activated Sludge Process: In this stage of the study, microorganisms are used to treat
the waste by decomposing the organic matter present in the wastewater system.
Aerators are introduced to speed the oxygenation to help decomposition of organic
waste.
Biological Filters:Once in a while, biological filters are applied, that is when wastewater
flows through a layer of stones or artificial media with to cover.
Trickling Filters or Aerated Lagoons
Also, these work for the biological treatment stages in which, the effluent wastewater is
passed by the microorganisms that digest organic matter.
Tertiary Treatment (Advanced Treatment)
Chemical Treatment: The water perhaps has pathogen-killing chemicals like chlorine or
ozone to kill pathogens that may be lurking.
Filtration
Additional filtration may be performed to capture any constituents in the
liquids remaining behind after the suspended solids are removed e.g.
using monocarbons or sand filter.
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Some advanced facilities also apply reverse osmosis where water gets forced through a
semi-permeable membrane to eliminate dissolved salts and other chemicals.
Disinfection
The water may further be subjected to UV radiation or chorination so as to render it free
from disease causing microorganisms.
Sludge Treatment and Disposal
The solid waste (sludge) generated during the purification process should be treated before
disposal. The common practice is to dewater the sludge and either landfill or burn it. In
some sectors, the treated by-products are fit to be used as organic fertilizers, depending on
their chemical content.
Monitoring and Compliance
Before releasing it into the rivers, canals or the municipal sewage system, the treated
effluent is tested to the standards set by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) on effluent discharge.
 Water Scarcity
Water scarcity is a critical issue in many parts of the world. Here are some potential
solutions:
1. Efficient Water Use: Encouraging water-saving habits at the individual,
community, and industrial levels. This includes fixing leaks, using water-efficient
appliances, and promoting water conservation techniques in agriculture.
2. Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting and storing rainwater for reuse. This is
particularly helpful in areas with irregular rainfall, allowing for water storage
during rainy periods for use during dry spells.
3. Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Treating wastewater to make it safe for
reuse in irrigation, industrial processes, or even for drinking water. This can
significantly reduce the demand on freshwater sources.
4. Desalination: Removing salt from seawater to create freshwater. Although
energy-intensive, technological advancements are making desalination more
viable, particularly in coastal areas.
5. Improved Agricultural Practices: Agriculture accounts for a large portion of water usage.
Techniques like drip irrigation, hydroponics, and crop selection can drastically reduce water
consumption.
6. Infrastructure Improvements: Developing and maintaining water distribution
infrastructure, such as pipelines and storage systems, to reduce water loss through leaks
and ensure efficient water supply.
7. Water Recycling in Industry: Encouraging industries to recycle water within their
production processes can significantly reduce the demand for fresh water.
8. Public Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about the importance of water
conservation can lead to behavioral changes that reduce water waste.
9. Integrated Water Management: A coordinated approach to managing water
resources across regions can help balance supply and demand, particularly
in transboundary river basins.
10. Policy and Regulation: Governments can implement policies that promote
water conservation, sustainable water use, and protection of water sources
from pollution.
Over 2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water, and over 4 billion
people – half the global population – lack access to safely managed sanitation. One in
three freshwater species is at risk of extinctionAlthough water is essential to life,
contaminated water and water scarcity can cause death. Nearly 2 million deaths could be
prevented annually with safe and sufficient water.Waterborne illness caused by
recreational activities afflicts hundreds of millions of people annually. Individuals who
experience water insecurity and disasters endure psychological distress.Safe and
sufficient water is vital for realizing the right to foodSafe, sufficient water and healthy
aquatic ecosystems are substantive elements of the right to a healthy environment, as
recognized by regional tribunals, national laws and national jurisprudence. Every day,
more than 700 children under the age of 5 die from water- related diseases. By 2040,
almost 600 million children will live in regions with extremely limited water
resources.Groups with fewer resources to deal with water pollution and scarcity are often
more seriously affected by water-related problems
Planting the drought resistant plants
 Planting the drought resistance
plants.

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Presentation
 THINGS TO BE DONE TO SAVE WATER
Aquaponics Systems: Combine fish farming and hydroponics to create a closed-loop
system that uses significantly less water than traditional agriculture
Greywater Recycling: Install systems to reuse water from sinks, showers, and
washing machines for irrigation or toilet flushing.
Innovative Toilets: Use composting or vacuum toilets that use little to no water
for flushing
Xeriscaping: Design landscapes using drought-resistant plants and efficient
layouts that require minimal irrigation
Green Infrastructure: Invest in urban designs that incorporate green roofs,
permeable pavements, and rain gardens to manage stormwater effectively
Seawater Greenhouses: Use seawater for cooling and irrigation in
greenhouses, which can help reduce freshwater usage and improve water
quality through evaporation and desalination.
 SOLUTIONS FOR POLLUTION/DIRTY
WATER
Solutions for polluted/dirty water:

Use of chemicals Disinfectants:

1. Chlorine (Cl2): PKR 20,000-PKR500,000/ton (depending on concentration and
location)
2. Chlorine dioxide (CIO2): PKR500,000-PKR2000,000/ton
3. Ozone (03): PKR1,000,000-PKR5000,000/ton (depending on generation method)
4. Bromine (Br2): PKR5000,000-PKR2,500,000/ton
Coagulants:
1.Alum (Aluminum sulfate): PKR20,000-PKR500,000/ton
2. Ferric chloride (FeCl3): PKR100,000-PKR1000,000/ton
3. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC): PKR500,000-PKR2,500,000/ton
pH Adjusters:
5. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): PKR20,000-PKR500,000/ ton
6. Hydrochloric acid (HCI): PKR20,000-PKR500,000/ton
7. Lime (Ca(OH)2): PKR100,000-PKR1,000,000/ton
Oxidizers:
1. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2): PKR500,000-PKR2,000,000 ton.
2. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4): PKR500,000-PKR2,500,000/tonScale
Inhibitors:
3. Phosphonates: PKR500,000-PKR2,000,000/ton
4. 2. Polyacrylates: PKR1,000,000-PKR5,000,000/ton
Flocculants:
5. Polyelectrolytes: PKR500,000-PKR2,000,000/ton
2. Chitosan: PKR1,000,000-PKR5,000,000/ton
Annual Budget Estimates:
1. Small-scale water treatment plant (1-5 MLD): PKR 50 million- PKR 250
million /year
2. Medium-scale water treatment plant (5-20 MLD): PKR 250 million -PKR 1
billion/year
 Natural way of filtering water

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 Education Campaign

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 Education Campaign

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 Social
Media

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 Results
YOUR TEXT HERE….

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 Results
YOUR TEXT HERE….

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 Results
YOUR TEXT HERE….

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 Results
YOUR TEXT HERE….

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 Join Us To
Save The
Water
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@Water_Safe Water Safer

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Twitter Channel

@watersafer Water Safer

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