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Unit 3 Measurements

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ct8rcq78gj
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UNIT 3

MEASUREMENTS

General Chemistry 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Accuracy and
Precision
General Chemistry 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
In science, measurement is an integral part in
quantifying matter.
A measurement is
obtained by
comparing a
quantity with a
standard unit. For
mass, the standard
unit is kilograms
(kg).
For length, the
standard unit is
centimeters (cm) or
inches (in).
But when do you say
that a measurement is
accurate or precise?
Learning Competency
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:

Differentiate between accuracy and


precision (STEM_GC11MT-Ib-13).
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:

● Differentiate between accuracy and precision.

● Analyze the accuracy and precision in a given set


of measurements.

● Justify the importance of accuracy and precision in


chemistry.
What is the difference
between accuracy and
precision?
Accuracy and Precision

● All measurements are subject to uncertainty.


● The choice of the correct instrument for
measurement: the concept of accuracy and
precision
● “accurate” and “precise”
○ used to describe measurements
○ often interchanged but have different meanings
Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy
● the closeness of a measurement to the true or
accepted value.

Precision
● the degree of agreement between successive
measurements using a given instrument (how
close measurements are to each other).
Accuracy and Precision

● darts: a good visualization


of accuracy and precision
○ bull’s eye or center of
the dartboard - the true
value
○ the closer the dart pins
are to the bull’s eye, the The dart pins that are close to
the target show high accuracy.
more accurate they are
Accuracy and Precision

The image on the left shows high precision since the dart pins are close to
one another, while the image on the right shows low precision since the
dart pins are far away from one another.
Accuracy and Precision

● Precision is not dependent


on accuracy.
● A set of measurement can
be very precise but not
accurate.
○ dart pins land close to
Visual representation of low
one another but are far
accuracy and low precision
from the bull’s eye measurements.
How do you analyze the
accuracy and precision
in measurements?
Analyzing the Accuracy and Precision

● Analyzing the accuracy and precision of


measurements - to determine the validity of the
data obtained in an experiment.
● Best quality of data if they exhibit high accuracy
and high precision
Let’s Practice!

The mass of a 75.0 gram standard sample of a


substance is measured using an analytical
balance. The measurements are listed below.
Are the measurements accurate? Are they
precise? Mass of sample
Trial
(g)
1 74.8
2 74.7
3 74.9
Let’s Practice!

The mass of a 75.0 gram standard sample of a


substance is measured using an analytical balance.
The measurements are listed below. Are the
measurements accurate? Are they precise?

The measurements are precise since the values


are close to each other. They are also accurate
since they are close to the true value, which is
75.0 grams.
Let’s Practice!

Describe the precision and accuracy of the temperature


readings for five days as shown below.
Forecasted Temperature
Day Actual Temperature (oC)
(oC)
1 27.8

2 28.4

3 29.6 29.4

4 30.0

5 29.9
Let’s Practice!

Describe the precision and accuracy of the


temperature readings for five days as shown below.

The forecasted temperature readings show


high precision since their values are close to
one another. However, it may be inferred that
the temperature readings are not that accurate
since they fall far from the forecasted values.
Analyzing the Accuracy and Precision

● Range
○ the difference between the highest and lowest
values of measurement
○ to determine the precision of multiple sets of
data
Let’s Practice!

Which group had a more precise set of measurements


of the mass of a 150 gram metal ball?

Mass (g)
Group
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

1 142.7 145.8 149.5 143.4 148.9

2 149.7 148.5 148.1 149.5 150.2

3 135.9 140.8 151.2 145.7 146.3


Let’s Practice!

Which group had a more precise set of measurements of the


mass of a 150 gram metal ball?

The range of values for each group are as follows:


Group 1 range = 149.5 – 142.7 = 6.8
Group 2 range = 150.2 – 148.1 = 2.1
Group 3 range = 151.2 – 135.9 = 15.3

Group 2 obtained the most precise


measurements (lowest range), while Group 3
had the lowest precision (highest range).
Remember
Below is a mnemonic that you can use
to easily differentiate accuracy and
precision:

ACcurate is Correct (or Close to real


value) while
PRecise is Repeating (or Repeatable
values).
What is the importance
of accuracy and
precision in chemistry?
Accuracy and Precision in Chemistry

● Having accurate and


precise measurements is
important in presenting
data and solution
preparation.

A chemist uses different


measuring tools to quantify
substances that are used in
Accuracy and Precision in Chemistry

● Having accurate
measurements of each
substance that make up
a chemical productive is
important to ensure its
quality.
In chemical preparation, it is
necessary to have accurate
measurements of substances.
Why is accuracy and
precision important in
chemistry?
Check Your
Understanding
Tell whether the given statement describe
accuracy or precision.

1. It refers to how close a measurement is to the true


value.
2. This pertains to how close measurements are to
each other.
3. It is the degree of agreement between successive
measurements using a given instrument.
Let’s Sum It Up!

● Accuracy refers to how close a measurement


is to the true or accepted value.
○ The closer the value of the obtained
measurement to the true value, the higher
the accuracy it shows.
Let’s Sum It Up!

● Precision refers to how close a group of


measurements is to each other.
○ To determine the precision of multiple sets
of data, the range or difference between
the highest and lowest values obtained
must be computed.
Let’s Sum It Up!

● Accuracy and precision in measurements is


significant in chemistry particularly in
chemical preparations and determining
physical properties of matter.
Challenge Yourself

When do you say that a given


set of measurements is high in
precision but low accuracy?
Challenge Yourself

A given set of measurements is said


to be high in precision but low
accuracy if the measurements are
close to one another but is far from
the true
value.
Bibliography
Buckley, Don. Interactive Science: Chemistry. United States of America.: Pearson Education,
2011. Print.

Handwerker, Mark J. Science Essentials. San Francisco, CA.: Jossey-Bass, 2005. Print.

Hawe, Alan., Davies, Dan., McMahon, Kendra., Towler, Lee., Collier, Christopher., and Scott,
Tonie. Science 5 - 11: A Guide for Teachers. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: David Fulton
Publishers, 2009. Print.

Petrucci, Ralph H. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Toronto, Ont.:
Pearson Canada, 2011. Print.

Wolf, Jonathan S. Easy Physics: Step-by-step. United States of America.: The McGraw Hill
Companies, 2013. Print.

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