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Causes and Effects of Low Blood HB

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12 views

Causes and Effects of Low Blood HB

Uploaded by

abdallaabdikarim560
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOMALI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

BIOCHEMISTRY 1
Topic: Causes and effects of
low-level blood hemoglobin.

GROUP D
What is Hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells
(RBCs) that binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers
it to tissues throughout the body. It also carries
carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs for
exhalation. Normal hemoglobin levels depend on
age, gender, and general health, but when levels
are low, it leads to a condition called anemia.
Low levels of blood hemoglobin, often indicative of
anemia, can arise from various causes and lead to
significant health effects. Understanding these
factors is crucial for effective diagnosis and
treatment.
Causes of low-level blood hemoglobin.

1. Nutritional Deficiencies
• Iron Deficiency:
Iron is a core component of
hemoglobin. Without enough dietary
iron, the body cannot produce
sufficient hemoglobin. Common
sources of iron include red meat,
poultry, beans, and fortified cereals.
• Vitamin Deficiencies: Lack of
vitamin B12 or folate can impair red
blood cell production, leading to
conditions like megaloblastic anemia.
Causes of low-level blood hemoglobin.

2. Blood Loss
• Acute Blood Loss: Sudden blood loss from injuries, surgeries, childbirth,
or severe nosebleeds can deplete hemoglobin levels.
• Chronic Blood Loss: Often linked to gastrointestinal issues (e.g., ulcers,
cancers) or heavy menstrual bleeding.
3. Bone Marrow Disorders
• The bone marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells. Disorders
like leukemia (cancer of the blood) or aplastic anemia (failure of bone
marrow to produce enough cells) can drastically reduce hemoglobin
production.
Causes of low-level blood
hemoglobin.
4. Chronic Diseases
• Kidney Disease:
The kidneys produce erythropoietin, a hormone that signals the bone marrow
to produce red blood cells. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can reduce
erythropoietin levels, leading to anemia.
• Cancer or Chronic Infections:
In diseases like cancer, HIV, or tuberculosis, the body’s inflammatory response
can suppress red blood cell production.
• Autoimmune Disorders:
Conditions such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis produce chronic inflammation
that interferes with the production and lifespan of red blood cells.
Causes of low-level blood
hemoglobin.
5. Inherited Conditions
• Sickle Cell Anemia:
This genetic disorder causes abnormal hemoglobin, leading to misshapen red
blood cells that break down prematurely.
• Thalassemia:
A group of inherited blood disorders that result in defective hemoglobin
production.
6. Pregnancy: Increased blood volume during pregnancy dilutes hemoglobin,
which can lead to physiological anemia if iron intake is insufficient .
7. Infections: Diseases like malaria destroy red blood cells, reducing
hemoglobin levels.
Effects of low-level blood
hemoglobin.
When hemoglobin levels drop, the body's ability to deliver adequate
oxygen is compromised, leading to a variety of symptoms and potential
health complications.
Common Symptoms:
• Fatigue and Weakness: One of the most prevalent symptoms is extreme
fatigue, which occurs because muscles and organs do not receive enough oxygen
to function optimally.
• Shortness of Breath: Individuals may experience difficulty breathing,
especially during physical activities, as the body struggles to meet its oxygen
demands.
Effects of low-level blood
hemoglobin.
• Dizziness and
Lightheadedness: Reduced oxygen supply
can lead to feelings of dizziness or fainting,
particularly when standing up quickly.
• Pale Skin: A noticeable paleness may
develop due to decreased red blood cell
count and circulation.
• Heart Palpitations: The heart may beat
faster or irregularly as it compensates for
the lack of oxygen by pumping more blood.
• Headaches: Insufficient oxygenation can
result in headaches or migraines due to
reduced blood flow to the brain.
Group D Names
• Mawlid Bashir Xasan ID:1752
• Cumar Cali Cabdi ID: 1642
• Xabiibo Maxamed Abdi ID: 1464
• Ahmed Siidali Maxamed ID: 1688
• Abdulmajid abdulaziz abdulle ID: 1719

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