Fundamentals of Hospitality and

Tourism Industry
Hospitality and tourism industries are related;
hence, they are often used interchangeably. This is
because hospitality businesses rely on tourism to
bring in guests, while tourism depends on hospitality
to provide comfort and convenience to travelers.
Thus, they often work together to create a positive
travel experience.
However, hospitality and tourism have distinct
concepts and refer to different aspects of the
industry. The key differences between them are the
following:
 Hospitality
Primarily provides services and
accommodations to travelers
Covers a wide range of
businesses and services.
including hotels, restaurants,
resorts, cruise ships, theme
parks, and other establishments
that cater to the needs and
comfort of travelers.
 Tourism
Pertains to a broader concept that
includes the entire travel
experience.Includes activities
related to planning, promoting
travel, as well as the movement of
people from one place to another
for leisure, business, of other
purposes. Covers transportation
and accommodation to tourist
activities.
As stated earlier, the
tourism industry is a
broader concept that
includes the entire travel
experience. It is one of the
major industries of a
country as it contributes
much to the economy.
Tourism is an activity or a phenomenon that
entails traveling from home for personal,
professional, or business purposes. As
such, it has so many types and forms, which
are related to other services and industries,
such as transportation, accommodation,
food and beverages establishments, retail
shops, entertainment businesses, and
others.
 Kinds of Tourists
There are different kinds of tourists. One of
the ways to differentiate them is through
Plog's Tourist Typology, a model of travel
characteristics defined by a psycho graphic
scale proposed by Stanley Plog. In this
typology, tourists are classified as
allocentric, psychocentric, or mid-centric.
1. Allocentric tourists - These tourists are
described to have a preference for less
frequently traveled places to satisfy their
adventurous spirit. They also often travel
alone, are independent, eager to learn,
enjoy 297 cultural tourism, and like new
or unfamiliar experiences.
2. Psychocentric tourists These tourists
prefer well-developed built specifically for
tourism. They also prefer organized group
trang as they enjoy familiarity.

3. Mid-centric tourists - These tourists are a

balance between and psychocentric tourists,
as many people do not fall on the spectrum.
1. Adventure tourists - These tourists are
daring and travel to seek thrill.

2. Backpack tourists - These tourists prefer

low- cost, independent travel, which entails
bringing and carrying their travel essentials in
their backpacks.
3. Business tourists - These tourists travel for
work or business purposes.

4. Cruise tourists - These tourists are only

interested in an all-inclusive trip (with food
and accommodation) by boat or ship, visiting
specific destinations for a specific number of
days.
5. Cultural tourists - These tourists travel to
immerse themselves in the community and
culture of a place.

6. Domestic tourists - These tourists travel to

tourist attractions in their native countries for
short periods of time, ranging from one day at
the very least to three months at the most.
7. Eco-tourists- These tourists practice
sustainability and general nature care.

8. Food tourists - These tourists travel to

taste different cuisine from all over the
world.
9. Generalist tourists - These tourists are a
combination of some types of tourists.

10. Holiday tourists - These tourists mainly

travel during the holidays.
11. International tourists - These tourists
frequently travel outside of their country.

12. Leisure tourists - These tourists travel to

relax and have fun.

13. Medical tourists - These tourists travel

for health reasons.
14. Religious tourists - These tourists travel to
significant religious places. such as churches
or temples.
15. Cities or wrist sphese tourists prefer
traveling to provinces than to cities or travel
spots. Specialinterest tourists These tourists
travel for one specific purpose, such as to
see a famous landmark or visit a local library
to in-depth research.
16. Special- interest tourists -These tourists
travel for one specific purpose, such as to
see a famous landmark or visit a local library
to in-depth research.
17. Sports tourists - These tourists travel to
watch sports games.
Types and Forms
of Tourism
 Types and Forms
of Tourism
Based on the Point of Origin
 Domestic Tourism
Domestic tourism refers to traveling
within one's own country. It involves
residents of a country traveling to
different destination country. It
involves country for leisure, business,
or other purposes.
 Inbound or International Tourism
Inbound tourism involves travelers
coming from other countries to visit a
specific destination. These tourists
are often referred to as reign o
international tourists. International
tourists contribute to a country's
economy through foreign exchange
earnings.
 Outbound Tourism
Outbound tourism refers to residents of
a country traveling to foreign
destinations. These tourists are
referred to as outbound tourists.
Outbound tourism reflects the travel
preferences and trends of a country's
residents.
 Transnational Tourism
Transnational tourism involves travelers
who move between two or more countries
during their trip. It may include multiple
inbound and outbound components within
a single journey. For example, a European
tourist traveling to multiple countries
within Europe during one trip is engaged
in transnational tourism.
 Regional tourism
Regional tourism is focused on travel within a
specific region or group of neighboring
countries. It involves tourists from
neighboring countries exploring destinations
within their geographical proximity. For
example, Southeast Asian countries may in
regional tourism with residents of one as
theres engagiting neighboring nations, such
as Thailand country.
 Border tourism
Border tourism happens when
residents of a country visit
located den er stational borders
in neighboring countries. These d
are easily accessible for short
trips and day excursions.
 Nearshore Tourism
Nearshore tourism refers to travels
to destinations relatively close to
country's shore but still in
international waters, such as cruises
to neary islands.
 Offshore Tourism
Offshore tourism involves
traveling to more distant or
destinations on cruise ships.
international waters, such as
cruise to nearby island.
 Overseas tourism
Overseas tourism is a term often used
interchangeably with outbound touriserseas efers to
residents of a country traveling abroad for tourin
tourism. It refer tegories help policy makers,
businesses, and touris organizations understand the
flow of tourists and the economic impact of tourism
based on the point of origin. They also help in the
development marketing strategies and policies to
attract and manage tourists, from different regions
and countries.
Types and Forms
of Tourism
Based on the
Purpose of Travel
 Leisure Tourism
Leisure Tourism Travelers visit
destinations commonly for relaxation
and enjoyment. Sub-types of this
tourism include beach, cultural,
adventure, eco-, health and wellness,
and gastronomic tourism.
1. Beach tourism involves activities
in which travelers visit coastal
destinations for relaxation. The
Philippines is known for its white-
sand beaches and crystal waters,
contributing much to the beach
tourism sector of the tourism
industry.
2. Cultural tourism is focused on
exploring the cultural heritage,
traditions, and history of destinations,
including museums, historical sites,
and local festivals. The diverse and
multi-faceted cultural landscape of the
Philippines makes it an attractive
destination for tourists who want to
experience a different culture, such as
the Sinulog and Panagbenga festivals.
3. Adventure tourism involves activities,
such as hiking, trekking, rock climbing,
and other adventurous pursuits in
natural settings. Mountains, such as Mt.
Apo, Mt. Pinatubo, and Mt. Pulag, and
caves, such as the Puerto Prinsesa
Underground River, offer adventure
tourists various destinations and
activities.
4. Ecotourism emphasizes responsible
and sustainable travel often involving
visits to natural areas and wildlife
conservation efforts. The Philippine
Tarsier and Wildlife Sanctuary and
Palawan Wildlife Rescue and
Conservation Center are examples of
wildlife conservation efforts in the
Philippines.
5. Health and wellness tourism mainly
focuses on relaxation activities, such as spa
treatments, yoga retreats, and overall well-
being.
6. Gastronomic tourism is focused on culinary
experiences, including trying local dishes,
food tours, and wine tasting. For example, the
rich and varying cuisine offered by different
regions in the Philippines makes it attractive
to tourists.
 Social Interest Tourism

Travelers of this type commonly

visit wildlife pilgrimages,
participate in sports activities, and
learn art history and other fields of
interest.
1. Wildlife tourism involves tours that
highlight wildlife, suck observing and
learning about animals safaris, bird
watching, and more. in their natural
habitats through safaris, bird
watching, and more.
2. Medical tourism involves
traveling for medical
treatments, surgeries or health
care services.
3. Educational tourism involves
traveling to learn about history, art
science, or a specific field of interest.
For instance, the long and colorful
history of the Philippines, marked by
historical buildings, landmarks, and
museums allow for an immersive
educational experience.
4. Religious tourism focuses on
religious experiences, such as joining
pilgrimages and visiting religious sites,
churches, temples, and mosques. The
Philippines has a diverse collection of
churches that feature rich history and
architecture.
5. Sports tourism involves
attending sports events and
participating in sports activities.
 Business and Events Tourism

Business and events tourism is also known as

corporate travel, which involves individuals
traveling for work-related purposes. Common
activities include attending conferences and
other activities for professional growth The
sub-types of this tourism include MICE
tourism, incentive tourism, and experential
tourism.
1. MICE (Meeting,
Incentives, Conferences,
and Exhibitions) Tourism
involves attending or
organizing business
meetings, conferences.
conventions, and trade
shows.
3. Experential tourism
includes unique and
immersive
experiences such as
team building
activities and
corporate retreats.
Urban Tourism Travelers are
provided with destinations within
cities to experience their culture and
history. Sub- types include city
tourism, shopping tourism, and
culinary tourism.
1. City tourism is exploring cities for their
culture, history, architecture, shopping and
night life.

2. Shopping tourism is traveling to shop for

luxury goods, fashion, and unique items in
different cities.

3. Culinary tourism is exploring a city's food

scene, including street foods, local
restaurants, and culinary tours.
 Niche and Emerging Tourism
Niche and emerging tourism are two concepts that
refer to specific and evolving segments within the
broader concept of tourism. Niche tourism involves
the targeting of a specific or specialized market
segment instead of catering to the general
population. It is focused on a particular interest
activity or demographic. Hence, it allows
destinations to differentiate themselves to attract
specific target markets and promote sustainable
tourism practices.
Emerging tourism on the other hand, refers
to new and developing trends within the
travel industry. These trends may arise due
to a change in consumer behavior,
technological advancement, or shifts in
global circumstances. Emerging tourism
trends include the following:
1. Dark tourism is focused on visiting
sites associated with death, tragedy,
or historical atrocities.
2. Space tourism is a tourism concept
that is still in the early stages of
development as it involves traveling to
space, which requires much
preparation and financial resources.
3. Virtual tourism involves
experiencing destinations through
virtual reality and other technologies
without physical traveling.
4. Voluntourism combines travel
with volunteering for social or
environmental causes.
5. Digital nomad tourism involves
people traveling while working
remotely, which is made possible by
technology.