APA 7 th

Formatting,Citations
& References
 Formatting
 Font: Times New Roman, 12 font
 Entire document is double spaced
 1” top, bottom, & side margins
 Should include:
 Title page
 Text (Content with citations)
 Reference page
 APA Document
Formatting:
Professional Title Page
 Heading
 Placed in the Header, flush left (make sure it is the
same font as your paper)
 The title should be in all capital letters (e.g. THE
TITLE)
 The title in the heading should not exceed 50
characters including spaces and punctuation.
 The page number should be Arabic (e.g. 1) starting
in the right upper corner of the title page
 Professional Title Page
(cont.)
Heading (as described on the previous slide)
Page#

Title (bolded)

Your name

Duquesne University

 The title is centered, bolded, and the main words

capitalized
 Student Title Page
Page number

Title

Author

Affiliation (school)

Course

Professor

Due date

The title is centered, bolded, and the main words capitalized

Example Professional Title Page
Example Student Title Page
 How to cite with APA
 Goals are to point your reader to the appropriate
bibliographic entry and to distinguish your
contribution for those of other authors
 Each citation must have a corresponding entry
listed in alphabetical order on the Reference
page
 Two types of citations
 Narrative citations: Authors name and year used in
the sentence
 Parenthetical: Authors name and year in
parenthesis at the end of the sentence
 Examples
 According to Smith (2011), 83% of middle-aged
men responded favorably to the treatment.
 Hamilton (2009) suggests nurses have a
personal responsibility to serve as patient
advocates in the post-genomic age.
 Biobehavioral research deals with
interrelationships among biological,
psychosocial, and behavioral factors and health
(Pellmar et al., 2002).
 Multiple Authors
 Works with 2 Authors
 Cite both names (last names only) when you reference
the text.
Parenthetical: (Smith & Jones, 2014)
Narrative citation: Smith and Jones (2014) believe genetic
testing should……..

 Works with 3 or more Authors

Parenthetical: (Calzone et al., 2011)
Narrative citation: Calzone et al. (2011) found…..

 With multiple authors:

 Narrative citation: use the word and before the last
author
 If Parenthetical use the & before the last author
 Citing Multiple Works
 Article authors should be placed in alphabetical
order when citing multiple articles at one time.
 Example:
 (Adams et al.,2019;Sumway & Shulman, 2015;
Westinghouse, 2017)
Don’t change the order of the authors within each
article. The order is important and often indicates
who was the primary author.
 Multiple works by the
same author
 Arrange two or more works by the same author
by dates in chronological order.
 Example:
 (National Institute of Health, 2017a, 2017b, 2019)

 Each would be listed separately on your reference

page
 Citations with No Author
 Often occurs with websites or news articles
 The author is the organization who is
responsible for the content
 If the content is being maintained, use the current
year. If a date appears on the page, use that date.
 Examples:
 According to the National Institute of Health (2016)…
 Health care professions providing genetic counseling
should have proper training (American Society of
Human Genetics, 2016).
 Organization Author
Use of Abbreviations
Parenthetical citation
 First citation: (National Institute of Mental Health
[NIMH], 2020)
 Subsequent citations: (NIMH, 2020)
Narrative citation
 First citation: National Cancer Institute (NCI,
2020), investigated…..
 Subsequent citations: NCI (2020) investigated…….
 Using Direct Quotes
 Use a minimal amount of quotes and only when
absolutely necessary
 All quotes must be surrounded by quotation
marks and a page number must be included in
the citation.
 Examples:
“The overall data highlighted the context-dependent
nature of decision making for genome wide testing”
(Li et al., 2016, p. 268).
Li et al. (2016) reported that “the overall data
highlighted the context-dependent nature of decision
making for genome wide testing”(p. 268).
 Reference Page
(remaining slides about references)
 Starts on a new page
 The word References is centered at the top of the page (do
not underline)
 The goal is to have the reader be able to access the work; do
not use Gumberg Library database in your reference
 Alphabetical by Author
 Every line is double spaced; first line at the margin and every
line after is indented
 Follow the simple rule to format all references
 Who= Author or Organization
 When= Year
 What= Title of the article or title of the book
 Where= Where did you find it (journal name, volume #, page
numbers, and doi #); or where it was published city/state and
by what company
 Journal Article Examples
Prince, A. R. & Roche, M. I. (2014). Genetic information, non-

discrimination, and privacy protections in genetic

counseling

practice. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 23, 891-902. doi:

10.1007/s10897-014-9743-2

Note: Capitalize only the first letter of an article title. If a title

has two parts separated by a colon, the first word after the
colon is capitalized. Capitalize all major words in a journal title.

Italicize the Journal title and volume number; Separate journal

title, volume number and and page numbers with a comma
 Journal Article Example for 2-
20 Authors

Burke, W., Antommaria, A.H., Bennett, R., Rotkin, J.,

Clayton, E. W., Henderson, G. E., & Zimmern, R.

(2013).

Recommendations for returning genomic incidental

findings? We need to talk. Genetics in Medicine, 15,

854-859. doi: 10.1038/gim.2013.113

Note: After the 20th author’s name and initial, use

ellipses (…) to indicate there are additional authors of the
article and then provide the final author’s name.
 Articles from a Website
Smith, A. B. (n.d.). History of APA style citation.

http://www.apa.style.org/history

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).

Genomic testing. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/

Note: Use n.d. if a source provides no date and you are

unsure if it is a site that is regularly maintained (most
government sites are maintained!)

If it is a site that changes (e.g. Blog or Wiki, dated website),

include the date or the date retrieved (e.g. 2009,
September 28) List dates in Year, month day format
 References: Multiple articles/pages
from the same author and same year
National Cancer Institute (2020a). Breast cancer

prevention. https://www.cancer.gov/

types/breast/patient/breast-prevention-pdq

National Cancer Institute (2020b). Breast cancer

screening. https://www.cancer.gov/

types/breast/patient/breast-screening-pdq

[Your citations would match: (National Cancer

Institute, 2020a) and (National Cancer Institute,
2020b)]
 Basic Book Format
Littleton, B. L. (1999). The conflict in Iraq.
Doubleday.

(author, year, title, publisher)

Note: Omit the words Publisher, Co., or Inc.

The title of the book should be italicized

Only the first word in the title is capitalized

 E-Book Guidelines
 Do not reference any of your textbooks as an e-
book (i.e. Pageburst )
 Write the reference as if it were a paper book; only
you have access through Elsevier/Evolve because
you purchased it.
 Remember the purpose of using citations and
references is for another person to be able to find it.
 Other e-books that are accessible through Amazon
or other publically attainable sites can be
referenced as e-books
 E-Book
Stoker, B. (1897) Dracula. [Kindle DX version].
Doubleday

http://www.amazon.com

Note: Put the form of the book [Kindle; Nook] in

brackets directly after the title. Use either a doi
number if one is provided or the URL where you
downloaded the book
 Chapter in an Edited Book
Douglas, P. (1998). Differences in perspective. In L.
P.

Horton (Ed.), Race and ethnicity in America (pp.

45-68).

University of Chicago Press.

Patel, A.D., Lee, S., Anderson, S. E., & Spencer, D.

E.

(2013). Common respiratory disorders. In P. G

Morton & D. K. Fontaine (Eds.),Critical care

nursing: A holistic approach (10th ed., pp. 550-

 Additional Resources
 Duquesne University Writing Center
http://
www.duq.edu/academics/resources-and-technolog
y/writing-center

 Owl Purdue (Purdue Writing Lab)

https://
owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_styl
e/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.
html