Scribd
Upload
8 views

Lecture 4 Pakistan Economy

Uploaded by

Moazzam Alee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Lecture 4 Pakistan Economy

Uploaded by

Moazzam Alee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

LECTURE FOUR

Land Reforms Policy


Meaning

Land reforms mean the measures designed to readjust


the rights, obligations and arrangements connected with
the ownership of land with a view to greater productivity,
higher living standards, improved social status and
opportunities for those engaged in cultivation.

1
Agriculture
Sector Policies

Green Mechanization Agriculture


Land Reforms
Revolution of Agriculture Credit Policy

Land Reforms

Land Reforms Land Reforms Land Reforms Land Reforms


Before 1959 in 1959 1972 1977

2
Land Reforms Before 1959
The Muslim League Agrarian Reforms committee 1949.
Objectives
• Making occupancy tenants full fledged owners.
• Providing security of tenure to tenants-at-will.
• Reducing rent payable by tenants.
• Abolishing illegal exaction imposed on tenants by
Landlords.
• A tenant could be ejected only if he was not cultivating
the land according to the terms of his tenancy.
• The share of the Landlords in output was fixed to 40
Percent.
• Occupancy tenants were given proprietary rights without
compensation to the Landlords.
• Reduced the burden of government dues on the tenants
But no implementation was made.
3
Land Reforms 1959
Objectives

Maximum Use To Provide


To Create Larger To Create New Security to
Agricultural
Number of Relationship To Remove defects of
Land Farmers
Middle Class Between Farmers Below Economic and
and Land Owners Subsistence Holding

a) Ceiling of land holdings was fixed


500 acres irrigated land 1000 un-irrigated land to owners
i. Owner can retain orchard 150 acres.
ii. Owner can give 500 acres to relative.
iii. Owner can transfer 250 acres to any heir.
iv. Owner can transfer 125 acres as a gift.
4
b) Abolition of Jagirs.
All jagirs were abolished. Government resumed
about 11 Lac acres. Resumed land was distributed
among small farmers.
c) Compensation:-
Government had to pay compensation for the
resumed land in 25 years.
d) Utilization of Land.
Cultivable land should be brought under crops. If
any owner failed to cultivate his land two years, the
land was to be forfeited.
e) Size of land Holdings.
The size of economic holding 50 acres and 12 ½
acres subsistence hold was fixed Punjab,
Baluchistan, NWFP. For Sindh, economic holding 64 acres
and subsistence hold 16 acres fixed.
5
Land Reforms 1972

• Reforms were introduced in march 1972.


Ceiling of Land.
• Ceiling fixed 150 irrigated and 300 acres un-irrigated.
• Resumption of land no compensation paid.
• Disposal of Resumed Land
• Resumed Land was Distributed among Land Less
farmers.
• About 9 Lac acres were resumed.
Land Reforms 1977

• Announced in January 1977.


• Ceiling of irrigated Land 100 acres and un-irrigated
Land 200 acres fixed.
6
JUSTIFICATION OF LAND REFORMS
1) Promote equality and justice.
2) Provide employment.
3) Redistributed national income.
4) Stop rural-urban migration.
5) Increase productivity.
6) Better the lot of small farmers.
7) Improve the social status of farmers.
8) Increased economic development.
9) Eliminate large estates.

7
Green Revolution

It Means to introduce new technology in agriculture sector.

Impact of Green Revolution

Impact on
Impact on Impact on Income
Employment
Agricultural Distribution
Production a) Land Preparation
b) Seedling
c) Transplanting
a. High Yield varieties d) Harvesting
HYVs used e) Threshing
i) Mexican Wheat
Varieties
ii) IRRI Rice Variety

8
Mechanization of Agriculture
Meaning:- It means use of machines for conducting
agricultural operations, replacing traditional methods which
involve human and animal labour. It is policy of green
revolution. It is applied for sowing, harvesting, thrashing,
leveling, watering, spraying, weeding.

9
Factors Increasing Agriculture Output in Pakistan
S-No Factors 1965-66 2017-18

01 Water Availability 64 133.4


(MAF)
02 Improved Seed 1971-72 746.6
22.54
03 Fertilization (Cooo 196-67 4763
Ntons) 112
04 Tractors 1986-87 71898
22241
05 Pesticides M.T 198614499 153172

06 Agricultural Credit 1975-76 82,514


ADBP (M) 532

Sourse GOP Ecoconomic Survey)


10
This Technology Includes

Mechanical
Chemical Technology Hydrological Technology
Technology

Plant protection i) Tractors


measures Tube Wells ii) Thrashers
iii) Bulldozers

11
Advantages

i. Increase in volume of production.


ii. Encourage multiple cropping.
It is not possible under traditional farming.
iii. Reduces dependence upon animal power.
iv. Greater area under cultivation.
v. Increase in labour productively.
vi. Timely water supply, spray.
vii. Reduction of cost.
viii.Increase in Income.
ix. Provides off farm employment.
x. Self sufficiency in food.

12
Disadvantages

1) Increase in unemployment
2) Problems of urbanization
The migration of labour from the mechanized farm sector
to the cities creates problems of urbanization.
3) Social Disparity
It is capital intensive and big Landlords are involved.
Creates social disparity.
4) Diversion of capital
It diverts capital from non-agriculture sector to
agricultural sector.

13
Conclusion

This technology is successful in advanced countries where


2% to 4% labour force is engaged. In developing
countries like Pakistan, where 80% small growers are
engaged, does not bring benefit to farmer community.
Only big landlord are benefited.

14

You might also like