Scribd
Upload
3 views

module_4

Uploaded by

laiba noor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

module_4

Uploaded by

laiba noor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Module 4: Systems

Development
Chapter 13: Investigation and
Analysis
Rapid Development Cycle, Joint Development
Cycle

• Rapid application development (RAD)


– Employs tools, techniques, and methodologies designed to
speed application development
• Reduces paper based documentations
• Adapting to changing requirements easier
• All about team work
– Makes extensive use of the joint application development (JAD)
• Other approaches to rapid development
– Agile development
– Extreme programming (XP)
• Change as the system is being developed
End-Use Systems Development Cycle

• End-user systems development


– Systems development project in which business managers and users
assume the primary effort
• Disadvantages
– Some end users do not have the training to effectively develop and test
a system
Out sourcing and On-demand Computing

• Reasons Companies use them:


• Reduces costs
• Obtains state-of-the-art technology
• Eliminates staffing and personnel problems
• Increases technological flexibility
Out sourcing and On-demand Computing
Factors Affecting Systems Development
Success

• Degree of Change
• Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering
• Managing Change
• Quality and Standards
• Use of Project Management Tools
• Use of CASE tools
• Object Oriented Systems Development
Systems Investigation

• Purpose: identify potential problems and


opportunities
• Uncovers following questions:
– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?
– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?
– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,
personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required
in a new system?
– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?
– What are the associated risks?
Systems Investigation

• Initiating Systems Investigation


– Systems Request Form submitted by someone who wants IS
department to initiate systems investigation
– Information included
• Problems in or opportunities for system
• Objectives of systems investigation
• Overview of proposed system
• Expected costs and benefits of proposed system
• Participants in Investigation
– Upper and middle level managers
– Project manager
– IS personnel
– Users, stakeholders
Systems Investigation

• Feasibility Analysis
– Technical feasibility
– Economic feasibility
• Net present value
– Legal feasibility
– Operational feasibility
– Schedule feasibility
Systems Investigation

• The Systems Investigation Report


– Outcome of systems investigation
– Summarizes results of systems investigation
– Recommends course of action: continue, modify or drop
– Report reviewed by steering committee
Systems Analysis

• Question: What must the IS do to solve the problem?


• General Considerations:
– Clarify goals of the organization
– Assembling the participants of systems analysis
– Collecting appropriate data and requirements
– Analyzing the data and requirements
– Preparing report on existing system, new system requirements, project
priorities
• Participants
– Original development team
– Team Develops:
• List of objectives and activities
• Deadlines
• Statement of resources required
• Major milestones
Systems Analysis

• Data Collection
– Identify sources of data
– Data Collection
– Structured interview
– Unstructured interview
– Direct Observation
– Questionnaires
– Statistical sampling
Systems Analysis

• Data Analysis
– Manipulating the collected data so that it can be used
– Tools and techniques for data analysis are as follows:
• Data Modeling
– Approach to modeling organizational objects and associations
– ER diagram – objects and relationships, where entities have attributes
• Application Flowcharts
– Show relationships among applications or systems
– E.g. clear relationships among order processing functions
• Grid Charts
– A table that shows relationships among various aspects of system
development
– E.g. a chart between showing various applications using different
databases
Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis

• Activity Modeling
– Done through the use of Data-flow diagrams (DFD)
– Models objects, associations and activities by describing how data can
flow between and around objects
– DFD describes activities that accomplish a business task
– Consists of four primary symbols
• Data flow
• Process symbol
• Entity symbol
• Data store
Systems Analysis

• Requirements Analysis
– Purpose: determine user, stakeholder, and organizational needs
– capture requests of various people in detail
– Asking directly
• Works best for stable systems in which users understand system functions
– Using CSF
• Managers make list of factors that are critical to success of their field
– The IS Plan
• Translates strategic and organizational goals into systems development
initiatives
– OO systems Analysis
• Object oriented approach is used to identify problems and show
relationships by showing objects as classes
Systems Analysis

• Systems Analysis Report


– Strengths and weaknesses of existing system from a stakeholder’s
perspective
– User/stakeholder requirements for new system
– Organizational requirements for new system
– Description of what new information system should do to solve the
problem
Summary

• Effective systems development requires team effort


as well as careful planning of the IS
• Systems development often uses tools to select and
analyse project requirements
• Outsourcing is an option for cutting costs
• Investigation concerns the feasibility at different
levels
• Analysis is concerned with collecting and analyzing
data and requirements

You might also like