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25 views8 pages

abu (1)

Uploaded by

aseelhidaya
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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political ideology that explains our social reality,


interprets it in a certain way, and evolves a set of interrelated
principles. It provides an intellectual climate and platform for
other ideologies to exist and function.
A Brief
History

Ancient Protestant Political


Roots Reformers Struggles
Ancient Greece kindled the
The Protestant reformers Liberalism captures the
first spark of self-rule and
challenged religious ideological map of various
inspired generations of
hierarchy, leading to the political struggles against
liberals, although the
discovery of the autonomy hierarchically organized
concept of liberty differed
of the individual—a social and political relations
for the ancients and the
fundamental moral over the last 300 years.
moderns.
resource for later
Classical
Liberalism
Chief Ideas Representative Distrust of
Classical liberalism is Voices Progressive
associated with the John Locke, Adam Doctrines
Smith, and Thomas Classical liberalism, as
ideas of limited
Paine are key figures defended by Hayek,
government, the rule of
associated with classical Nozick, and Friedman, is
law, and the inviolability
liberalism. distrustful of
of private property.
progressive doctrines
and values such as
Modern
Liberalism
1 Positive Variant of 2 Value of Distributive
Liberty Justice
Modern liberalism establishes Modern liberalism concedes

an affirmative relationship more functions to the state than

between liberty and human classical liberalism, laying down

progress. and justifying the value of


distributive justice and
experiments such as the welfare

3 Belief in Human state.

Perfectibility
Modern liberalism believes in the perfectibility of human beings and the
liberal state, sustained by reason and conviction in progress.
Contemporary
Liberalism
1 John Rawls
John Rawls has set the contemporary terms of debate and discussion on
liberalism and its values with his monumental treatises.

2 Equality of Fundamental
Liberty Rights
Rawls asserts that a liberal state must guarantee that all its citizens have an
equality of fundamental liberty rights.

3 Value of Distributive
Justice
Rawls holds out an account of egalitarian liberalism that is hospitable to
redistributive experiments of the liberal state.
The Foundations of
Liberalism
Individualis Egalitarian Universalist
t
Liberalism is individualist, It confers on all Liberalism is universalist,
asserting the moral individuals the same affirming the moral unity
primacy of the person moral status, making it of the human species.
against the claims of any egalitarian.
social collectivity.
Liberalism in Diverse
Societies

Multicultural Enriching Liberal


Values Liberalism Values
Liberalism now exhibits
Responding to challenges The constellation of
moral sensitivity to
has meant broadening liberal values now
issues of diversity,
and enriching the includes a range of
endorsing multicultural
conceptual repertoire of diverse but
values that have
liberalism. interconnected concepts.
implications for
Conclusion
End to
Future of Liberalism's
Ideology
Liberal Theory Progress
Although liberalism has
The future of liberal The way in which
been on the ascendant
theory and practice will liberalism
since the end of the
depend largely on how institutionalizes self-
Cold War, prompting
precisely it meets its criticism will itself be a
some to even make the
criticisms and guarantee of its
foolhardy claim of an
shortcomings. progress.
end to ideology, its
future will depend on
addressing criticisms
and shortcomings.

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