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7 views

chapter-6

Document communication

Uploaded by

Sofanias Hadgu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 6

Mechanical design of an Overhead lines and insulators


 Line supports
The line supports are poles and the chief requirements for such
supports are :
 They must be mechanically strong with factor of safety of 2.5 to 3
 They must be light in weight without the loss of strength .
 They must have least number of parts .
 They must be cheap .
 Their maintenance cost should be minimum .
 They must be easily accessible for point and erection of line
conductors .
 They must have longer life .
 They must be of pleasing shape
The different types of poles which can be used as
line supports are :

a. Wooden poles .
b. Steel tubular poles
c. Reinforced concrete poles .
d. Steel towers .

Fig.(1):Single-phase single-circuit
Wooden pole
Used for shorter distance up to 50 met.
The main objection of it are:
 Tendency to rot below ground
 Smaller life span(20-25year)
 Can not be used for voltage > 20KV
 Less mechanical strength
Insulators
 The insulator provides necessary insulation between the
conductors and supports and thus prevents any leakage current
flow from line to earth.
 The insulators should have the following desirable properties.
 Types of insulating materials
 Pin type insulator ; as the name indicates that the pin type
insulator are secured to the cross-arm on the pole .
 There is the grove on the upper end of insulator for housing the
conductor.
 The conductor passes through this grove and bounded with same
wire. This type of insulation is used for a voltage magnitude up to
33KV. Beyond it the pin type insulation is too bulky and hence
uneconomical.
 Suspension insulator
 The cost of pin type insulator increases rapidly as working voltage
is increased.
 For high voltage it’s usual practice to use suspension type
insulator so that to reduce cost.
 It
 Potential distribution over string insulator
 A string of suspension insulator consists number of discs
connected series through metallic links. Fig 1(i) shows 3-disc
connected through metallic link b/n each disc.
 Therefore, each disc forms a capacitor C as shown in fig 1(i) and
creates mutual or self capacitance as shown in fig 1(ii).
 For, mutual capacitance only the charging current b/n each disc is
same and hence voltage b/n each unit have been same(V/3) as
shown in fig 1(ii).
 However, in actual practice capacitance also exists b/n metal fitting
of each disc and the towers. This is known as shunt capacitance
C1. due to this capacitance charging currents through each disc is
not equal and thus voltage across each disc will be different as
shown in fig 1(iii). The disc nearest to the line has maximum
voltage. V3>V2>V1
Cont
 String efficiency
 This unequal potential difference across the disc is undesirable and
usually expressed in terms of string efficiency.
 Method improving string efficiency
Cont

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