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Module 1 Ethics

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26 views29 pages

Module 1 Ethics

Uploaded by

sharesiva81
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CKSAM1031

Ethics and values


Credit Distribution (L-T-P-C) - 2-0-0-2
An Introduction to Ethics, William Lillie, Jyoti Enterprises, 2020
Class 1
07.08.2023
11.45 am to 12.45 PM
Module1: History of Ethics
Outline of the history of Ethical Inquiry across the world

Module 2: How we judge right and wrong


● Personal Moral Responsibility
● Processes of Moral Reasoning.

Module 3: Modern Ethical concepts and frameworks


● Understanding concepts and frameworks in modern ethics
● Ethical Egoism, Altruism, Deontology, Consequentialism

Module 4: Law and Ethics


• Understanding the relationship between laws and ethics

Module 5: Ethical Dilemmas


● Learning how to create an ethical framework by applying abstract concepts to issues in daily life.
● Ethical dilemmas – Speluncean Explorers, The Trolley Problem
Class 2
08.08.2023
11.45 am to 12.45 PM
Duty vs Morality

• You are posted as an SDM in a division of district which is


undergoing ethnic turbulence since sometime. There has been a
substantial loss of lives and property due to the disturbance,
following which you are given implicit orders by the ruling party of
the area to move a certain section of population, belonging to a
particular ethnic group, out of the area to control the situation.
This order has put you in a difficult position as it goes against your
own ethical values of targeting a section of population and moving
them out of their homes. However, not following the orders will be
taken as dereliction of duty and will put the onus on you for the
loss of lives.
Approach in solving case

• Explain the given case and the ethical dilemma


faced.
• Mention the options available with their merits
and demerits.
• Mention a course of action with explanation.
Assignment 1

Case study
Class 3
09.08.2023
8.30 am to 9.30 AM
Class 2
Date 9/8/2023
8.30 AM – 9.30 AM
The history of ethics is a complex and diverse field
that explores the development of moral thought
and principles throughout human history.
• Greek Ethical Philosophy
• Hellenistic and Roman Ethics
• Ancient Ethical Thought
• Medieval Ethics
• Enlightenment and Modern Ethics
• 19th and 20th Century Ethical
Thought
• Contemporary Ethical Debates
• Cross-Cultural and Global Ethics
• Ethics and Applied Fields
• Ethics and Contemporary Philosophy
The history of ethics is a complex and diverse field
that explores the development of moral thought
and principles throughout human history.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-023-05400-5

https://create.kahoot.it/creator/fb2c29c2-d22f-4f43-9e2e-a39a4717ed9c
History of ethical enquiry across the world
Ancient Civilizations:
•Mesopotamia: Early ethical codes were established
in societies like the Code of Ur-Nammu and the Code
of Hammurabi, emphasizing principles of justice and
social order.
•Egypt: The ancient Egyptians developed moral and
ethical guidelines based on religious beliefs,
emphasizing concepts like truth, righteousness, and
Ma'at (cosmic harmony).
•China: Confucianism and Daoism emerged, with
Confucianism emphasizing ethics based on social
harmony, filial piety, and the five relationships, while
Daoism emphasized living in accordance with the
Ancient Greek Ethics:
•Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Early Greek thinkers like
Thales, Heraclitus, and Pythagoras explored questions
related to the nature of reality, but their work laid the
foundation for later ethical inquiry.

•Socrates: Focused on moral introspection and the


Socratic method, encouraging individuals to critically
examine their beliefs and values.

•Plato: Explored the nature of justice, the ideal state


(Republic), and the allegory of the cave, which has ethical
implications.

•Aristotle: Developed virtue ethics, emphasizing the


Hellenistic and Roman Ethics:
•Epicureanism: Founded by Epicurus, promoting pleasure
(ataraxia) as the ultimate good, but emphasizing
moderation and the avoidance of unnecessary desires.

•Stoicism: Developed by figures like Zeno and Epictetus,


promoting virtue, self-discipline, and living in accordance
with reason and nature.

•Roman Stoics: Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius


adapted Stoicism, influencing Roman ethics during the late
Republic and Empire.
Medieval and Islamic Ethics:

•Christian Ethics: St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas


integrated Christian theology with Aristotelian philosophy,
establishing the foundation for medieval Christian ethics.

•Islamic Ethics: Islamic scholars like Al-Farabi, Avicenna


(Ibn Sina), and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) combined Islamic
teachings with Greek philosophy, contributing to Islamic
ethical thought.
Enlightenment and Modern Ethics:
1.Enlightenment Thinkers: Philosophers like Immanuel
Kant emphasized universal moral principles (categorical
imperative), while utilitarianism emerged with Jeremy
Bentham and John Stuart Mill, focusing on the greatest
happiness for the greatest number.

20th Century and Beyond:


2.Existentialism: Philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre
explored existential ethics, emphasizing individual
freedom, choice, and responsibility.
3.Virtue Ethics Revival: Philosophers like Elizabeth
Anscombe and Alasdair MacIntyre revived interest in
virtue ethics, reevaluating its significance in
Global Ethics and Cultural Perspectives:

Non-Western Ethics: Reevaluation of ethical traditions from non-


Western cultures, such as African ethics, Indian ethics, and
indigenous ethics, to incorporate diverse perspectives in the global
discourse.

This outline highlights some of the major developments in ethical


inquiry across different civilizations and time periods, but it's
important to note that ethical thought is vast and continuously
evolving. Each culture and era has contributed valuable insights to
the ongoing conversation about ethics and the human quest for a
good and just life.
Global Ethics and Cultural Perspectives:

Non-Western Ethics: Reevaluation of ethical traditions from non-


Western cultures, such as African ethics, Indian ethics, and
indigenous ethics, to incorporate diverse perspectives in the global
discourse.

This outline highlights some of the major developments in ethical


inquiry across different civilizations and time periods, but it's
important to note that ethical thought is vast and continuously
evolving. Each culture and era has contributed valuable insights to
the ongoing conversation about ethics and the human quest for a
good and just life.
Module Questions
1) what do you think of /mean by ethics? Example
2) Differentiate Values, Morals, Ethics
3) Mention different stages...how ethics has been studied
4) Outline history of World Ethics
5) Contribution of Buddhism,Jainism, Christianity , Islam
towards development of ethical thoughts
6) Contribution of any three philosophers towards development
of ethical thoughts

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