RIP Routing Protocol

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 RIP routing protocol is a distance-vector
routing protocol, it is generally applied to
small scale networks. This section gives
a detailed introduction of two versions of
the RIP routing protocol: RIPv1 and
RIPv2, and introduces the common
configuration commands of RIP.

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 Upon completion of this section, you should
expect to:
 Understand the basic principles of
the RIP routing protocol
 Identify the similarities and
differences between RIPv1 and
RIPv2
 Acquire the skills to configure RIP

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 RIP Routing Protocol Overview

 RIP: Routing Information Protocol.

 It is an IGP based distance-vector routing protocol.

 RIP is suitable for small scale networks, and includes two

version: RIPv1 and RIPv2.
 RIP uses UDP at the transport layer to exchange routing
information, its port number is 520.
 RIP supports split horizon, poison reverse and triggered
updates.

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 Initialization of RIP Routing Table

Routing table Routing table

initialization initialization
———— ————

———— ————

NET1 ———— ———— NET2

RTA RTB

Response
Request

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 RIP Routing Table Update
Routing Table Response Response Routing Table
destination next hop
destination next hop
N1 C
N4 F
N2 D

N3 E RTA RTB

Route update

Routing Table Routing Table

destination next hop destination next hop

N1 C N1 A

N2 D RTA RTB N2 A

N3 E N3 A

N4 B N4 F

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 RIPv1 vs. RIPv2

 RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol, does not

support VLSM and CIDR.
 Sends messages via broadcast.

 Doesn’t support authentication.

 RIPv2 is a classless routing protocol, supports

VLSM, route aggregation and CIDR.
 Supports messages sent via broadcast or
multicast address (240.0.0.9).
 Supports plain text and MD5 authentication.

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 RIPv1 Message Format
0 8 16 31
Command version Unused( set to all zeros)
Address Family Identifier Unused( set to all zeros)
IP address
route Unused( set to all zeros)
entry
Unused( set to all zeros)
Metric

Multiple fields, up to maximum of 25

Address Family Identifier Unused( set to all zeros)

IP address
route
Unused( set to all zeros)
entry
Unused( set to all zeros)
Metric

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 RIPv2 Message format
0 8 16 31
Command version Unused( set to all zeros)
Address Family Identifier Route tag
IP address
route Subnet mask
entry
Next hop
Metric

Multiple fields, up to maximum of 25

Address Family Identifier Route tag

IP address
route
Subnet mask
entry
Next hop
Metric

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 Example of RIP Basic Configuration

RTA RTB RTC

L0: L0:
192.168.1.0/3 192.168.2.0/30
172.16.1.1/32 10.1.1.1/32
.1 0 .2 .1 .2

[RTA] rip
[RTA-rip-1]version 2
[RTA-rip-1] network 192.168.1.0
[RTA-rip-1] network 172.16.0.0
[RTB]rip
[RTB-rip-1]version 2
[RTB-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0
[RTB-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[RTC]rip
[RTC-rip-1]version 2
[RTC-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[RTC-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

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 Display RIP Information
[RTA]display rip
Public VPN-instance
RIP process : 1
RIP version : RIP-2 Preference : 100
Checkzero : Enabled Default-cost : 0
Summary : Enabled Hostroutes : Enabled
Maximum number of balanced paths : 8
Update time : 30 sec Age time : 180 sec
Garbage-collect time : 120 sec
Graceful restart : Disabled
BFD : Disabled
Silent-interfaces : None
Default-route : Disabled
Verify-source : Enabled
Networks :
192.168.1.0 172.16.0.0
……

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 Display RIP Route

[RTA]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R – RIP
A - Aging, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/0/1
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
192.168.2.0/30 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 12
10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 12
…… RIP neighbor
address, the The metric to destination,
Classless route namely hop count
interface connected and variable
with neighbor subnet mask

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 Configuring RIP Version
RTA RTB RTC
L0: L0:
192.168.1.0/3 192.168.2.0/30
172.16.1.1/32 10.1.1.1/32
.1 0 .2 .1 .2

[RTA-rip-1]version 2
[RTA-Serial0/0/1]rip version 2 multicast

[RTA]display rip 1
Public VPN-instance
RIP process: 1
RIP version: RIP-2

The version of RIP is 2

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 RIP Route Aggregation

 Route aggregation means that when the routes of different sub-network in

the same natural network segment are advertised, the route will be

advertised as an aggregated route with a natural mask.

 Route aggregation doesn’t work on RIPv1. RIPv2 supports classless inter-

domain routing.

 RIPv2 by default will enable the function of route aggregation; when all the

VLSM routes need to be broadcast, it should disable the function of route

aggregation.

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 RIP Route Aggregation Automatically
RTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 0
.1 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

[RTA-rip-1] summary Aggregated

route
[RTB-rip-1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R – RIP
A - Aging, G - Garbage-collect
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 20
172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 20
......

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 Undo RIP Route Aggregation Automatically
RTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 0
.1 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

[RTA-rip-1] network 172.16.0.0

[RTA-rip-1] undo summary

[RTB]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R – RIP
A - Aging, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
172.16.1.3/32 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 21
172.16.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 21
172.16.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 21
……

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 RIP Route Aggregation Manually
RTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 0
.1 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

[RTA-Serial0/0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252

<RTB>display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-
collect
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
172.16.1.0/30 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 8

Aggregate
route manually

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 The Preference of RIP
Change preference of RIP,
The value range is 1~255,
and the default value is 100

[RTA-rip-1] preference ?
INTEGER<1-255> Value of Preference
[RTA-rip] preference 150
[RTA-rip] display ip routing-table
Routing Table: public net
Destination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface
172.16.0.0/16 RIP 150 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 RIP 150 1 192.168.1.2 Ethernet0/0
……

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 Import Exterior Route RTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 0
.1 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

[RTA-rip] import-route direct cost 10 The metric of

imported route is 11
[RTB]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R – RIP
A – Aging,G - Garbage-collect
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
192.168.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 11 0 RA 15
172.16.1.3/32 192.168.1.1 11 0 RA 15
172.16.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 11 0 RA 15
172.16.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 11 0 RA 15
……

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 Interface Add-ons Metric
RTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 L0: 10.1.1.1/32
.1 0 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

[RTA-Serial0/0/0]rip metricin 5 The metric

is 1+5=6

[RTA]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
10.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.2 6 0 RA 16
……

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 Interface Add-ons MetricRTA RTB
L0: 172.16.1.1/32
192.168.1.0/3
L1: 172.16.1.2/32 0
.1 .2
L2: 172.16.1.3/32

The metric is
[RTA-Serial0/0/0]rip metricout 4
0+4=4
[RTB]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
172.16.1.3/32 192.168.1.1 4 0 RA 5
172.16.1.2/32 192.168.1.1 4 0 RA 5
172.16.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 4 0 RA 5
……

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 Other Configuration Commands

 In configuring RIP authentication mode, RIPv2 supports two

authentication modes: plain text authentication and MD5 authentication

[Huawei-Ethernet0/0]rip authentication-mode { { simple password } |

{ md5 { rfc2082 key-string key-id | huawei key-string } } }

 Configuring the operational status of an interface

[Huawei-Ethernet0/0] rip input/output

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 Summary

 What are the characteristics

of the RIP routing protocol?
 What are the differences
between RIPv1 and RIPv2?

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 Thank You
T
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