INTRODUCTION

TO
“OMICS”
Faculty:
Janet Pierce, PhD, APRN, C C RN,
FA AN University of Kansas
 • Definitions
• Omics
• Computer L a n g u a g e
• Genetics a n d Genomics
• Methods for Genomic
Outlin Testing
• Microarray
e • R N A Sequencing
• Articles
• Omics Nursing
Education
 What is
Omics?
• “Omics”: branches of science
known informally as omics are
various disciplines in biology
whose names e n d in the suffix -
omics, such as genomics,
proteomics, metabolomics etc.
• “Ome”: used to address the
objects of study of such fields,
such as the genome, proteome
or metabolome
• History: Bioinformaticians a n d
molecular biologists were the
first scientists to apply the "-
ome" suffix widely
(Cambridge, UK)
 New Era of
Health C a re –
• “Ome” “Omics”
• Used to address the
objects of study of such
fields like the genome,
proteome or metabolome
• “Omics”
• Informally refers to a field of
n
study i biology ending in -
omics
• Purpose of omics - aims at
the collective
characterization and
quantification of pools of
biological molecules that
translate into the structure,
function, a n d dynamics of
an organism(s)
 Types of
• Genomics Genomics
• Cognitive genomics: Study of the
c h an g es in cognitive processes
associated with genetic profiles.
• Comparative genomics: Study of the
relationship of g e n o m e structure a n d
function across different biological species
or strains.
• Functional genomics: Describes g e n e
a n d protein functions a n d interactions
(often uses transcriptomics).
• Metagenomics: Study of
metagenomes, i.e. genetic material
recovered directly from environmental
samples.
• Neurogenomics: Study of genetic
influences on the development a n d
function of the nervous system.
• Pangenomics: Study of the entire
collection of genes or g en o m es found
within a given species.
• Personal genomics: Branch of genomics
that deals with the sequencing a n d
 Various
• Proteomics “Omics”
• Epigenomics
• Lipidomics
• Transcriptomics
• Metabolomics
• Nutrigenomics
• Glycomics
• Pharmacogenom s
ic
• Toxicogenomics
• Psychogenomics
• Connectomics
 CLOSING
IN O N THE
SPIKES
•China - The results
of g e n o m e
sequencing,
released on 10
January 2020,
showed that the
pneumonia
outbreak was
related to a new
coronavirus, nam ed
2019 novel
coronavirus (2019-
nCoV)
Symptom Science a n d
“Omics”
Computer Language

• Computer storage is usually measured in byte

multiples – e.g. an 820 megabyte (MB) hard
drive holds 820 million bytes
• Kilobyte (KB)– 1024 bytes
• Megabyte (MG) – 1024 KB
• Gigabyte (GB) – 1024 MG
• Terabyte (TB) – 1024 GB
• Petabyte (PB) – 1024 TB
• Exabyte (EB) – 1024 PB
• Zettabyte (ZB) – 1024 EB
Yottabyte (YB) – 1024 ZB
 • Genes
What is the – Are the basic physical and
functional unit of heredity
difference – Made up of DNA, act as
between instructions to make molecules
particularly proteins
genes and • Genetics
genetics – Study of heredity, or how the
characteristics of living organisms
are transmitted from one
generation to the next via DNA,
the substance that comprises
genes, the basic unit of heredity.
Jeans and Genes
Genes are molecules in our body that explain the information
hidden in our DNA. Genes are also a small section of DNA, a
chemical that has a genetic code for making proteins. Proteins
are the building blocks for almost everything in our body,
bones, blood and muscles, and it is the job of the genes to
supervise protein production.
 Where are the Genes?
• Present in almost every cell’s nucleus and are
made from strands of DNA
• DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the
nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount
of their own DNA.
** Red blood cells, have no nucleus and no DNA.
• DNA encodes all genetic information which is needed to build a cell.
DNA consists of four building blocks:

• These individual building blocks are also called “nucleotides”. A

feature of DNA is that these nucleotides are paired. Two pairs exist:
A/T and G/C. The reason that these pairs go together are of
chemical structure. This is the reason why DNA is structured as a
double helix.
What is in the Blood for you to
obtain a genomic biomarker?
What is the GENE refers to a specific
difference sequence of DNA on a SINGLE
chromosome but
between
GENOME encompasses the
gene and entire set of genetic information
genome across ALL 23 chromosome pairs
(includes all genes, gene-
modifying sequences and all the
“other stuff in between”)
 • Genome
– the complete set of genes or
What is the genetic material present in a
difference cell or organism
between – the genome is the entire
DNA content that is present
genome and within one cell of an
genomics organism
• Genomics
– an area within genetics that
concerns the sequencing
and analysis of an organism's
genome
 Research in Genomics
• Functional Genomics
– Attempts to answer questions about the
function of DNA at the levels of genes, RNA
transcripts, and protein products. A key
characteristic of functional genomics studies is
their genome-wide approach rather than
a more traditional “gene-by-gene”
approach.
– The high throughput analysis of all expressed
genes is also called Transcriptome
Analysis.
– Transcriptome analysis can be conducted by 2
approaches:
• Structural Genomics seeks to describe the 3-
dimensional structure of every protein
encoded by a given genome
• Epigenomics - study of the complete set of
epigenetic modifications on the genetic material
of a cell, known as the epigenome.
• The epigenome is a multitude of chemical
compounds that can tell the genome what to
do.
• Metagenomics - study of metagenomes,
genetic material recovered directly from
environmental samples.
 What is Comparative Genomics?
It is the comparison of one genome to
another.
GenomicS DNA (Gene)
Transcription

Transcriptomics RN
Functional A
Genomics
Proteomics PROTEIN
Enzymatic
reaction
Metabolomics
METABOLITE

fppt.com
DNA Microarray
• Hybridization between two DNA strands, the
property of complementary nucleic acid
sequences to specifically pair with each
other by forming hydrogen bonds between
complementary nucleotide base pairs.
RNA sequencing
 Cortical tissue - RNA sequencing

RIN = RNA Integrity Number

An estimate of the extent of
degradation of total RNA
– Higher than 6.0
Center for Data Science
 Pharmacogenomics
and
nutrigenomics
• Pharmacogenomics a n d
nutritional genomics is a branch
of science that examines
personalized reactions to
medications a n d nutrients.
• In the future, drug labels may
contain information on genomic
biomarkers a n d describe:
1. Drug exposure a n d clinical
response
2. Risk for adverse events
3. Genotype-specific dosing
4. Mechanisms of drug action
5. Polymorphic drug target
a n d disposition genes
 The Role of the
Microbiome
• The microbiome is defined as
the
collective g e n o m e s of the
microbes ( c o m p o s e d of
bacteria, bacteriophage, fungi,
protozoa a n d viruses) that live
inside a n d o n the human body.
We h a v e about 10 times as
m a n y microbial cells as human
cells.
• The gut microbiome plays a
very important role in your
health by helping control
digestion a n d benefiting your
immune system a n d m a n y
other aspects of health. An
imbalance of unhealthy a n d
healthy microbes in the
intestines m a y contribute various
 The Role of
Metabolomics
• Metabolomics is a field of omics science that
characterizes differing metabolites.
• Metabolomics involves evaluating the
therapeutic outcomes of clinical drugs by
correlating baseline metabolic profiles of
patients with their responses.
• For example:
• Aspirin- 25% of patients w h o are high-
risk for atherothrombotic events are
aspirin-resistant.
• Metabolomics is being used to diagnose
disease, understand disease mechanisms,
identify drug targets, a n d customize drug
treatments.
 Metabonomics and
Microbiomics
• The gut microbiota is
implicated in the metabolism
of many medical drugs with
consequences for
interpersonal variation in drug
effi cacy a n d toxicity.
• Gut microbes collectively
encode 150-fold more genes
than the human genome,
including a metabolize
potential rich repository ofan
hence
enzymes
to influence
with the
drugs d
pharmacology.
their
• Example of drugs
influenced by microbiome
are:
• Simvastatin
• Metformin
• Levodopa
 GENOMI
C,
TRANSCRIPTOMI
C, EPIGENOMIC,
AND
PROTEOMI
C
APPROACHES
BY YVETTE P.
CONLEY
GWAS -
Genome-
Wide
Association
Study
• An a ppro a c h to
associate
specific genetic
variations with particular
diseases.
• The method involv es
scanning the genomes
from many different
people a n d looking for
genetic markers that
c a n b e used to predict
the presence of a
disease.
Improving -Omics-Based Research a n d Precision Health in
Minority Populations: Recommendations for Nurse Scientists
Jacquelyn Y. Taylor, PhD, a n d Veronica Barcelona d e
Mendoza, PhD
•
Purpose of this article is to provide a n overview
of the role of nurse scientists in -omics-b a s e d
research a n d to promote discussion around the
conduct of -omics- ba se d nursing research in
minority communities
• Previous a n d O n g o i n g -Omics Research
• National Institutes of Nursing Research–
Supported -
Omics Research
• Challenges a n d Considerations
• Conclusions a n d Recommendations
NINR - Symptoms and Genomics
• Blueprint for Genomic Nursing Science
– Recommendations to explore ways to
further genomic nursing science
to improve health outcomes
• PA-16-023 and PA-16-024 Innovative
Questions in Symptoms Science
and Genomics
– Optimize innovation, insight and cutting
edge conceptual and technological
breakthroughs by catalyzing
research that emanates from the
identified innovative questions in
symptom and genomic nursing science
 Nursing Education
• AACN essentials
– Essentials of genetic and genomic nursing:
Competencies, curricula guidelines
and outcome indicators
– Essential Genetic and Genomic for Nurses
with Graduate Degrees
• 2016 Doctoral Education Conference
Schedule
– Enhancing Nursing Science and Improving
Patient Care through Big Data
– Integrating Omics Content in PhD
Programs
Nursing
• NINR – Bootcamp -
Precision Health:
From 'Omics' to
Data Science
• Precision Health
• Symptom Science
Linking Omics with Symptom Science
 • Theisgoal of ONSENomics
to advance
nursing research and education and to
facilitate collaborations, mentoring, and
NINR Omics access to training opportunities.
• ONSEN content was developed by a
Nursing Science workgroup of experts in genomics and
other omics (e.g. microbiomics,
& Education metabolomics, proteomics), education,
practice, and nursing research.

Network • Nurse scientists and trainees will be able

to leverage samples and datasets, locate
mentors and collaborators, disseminate
(ONSEN) - 2018 information on pre- and post-doctoral
training opportunities, and build skills
for integrating omics into their programs
of research.
 • Teach to not FEAR science of omics and
techniques
Nursing and Omics • View Unknown as FUN and Exciting
• Watch and Learn at any opportunity
• COLLABORATE - share
Thank
you!

Question
s?