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CHP 14 Stress, Lifestyle, and Health

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8 views18 pages

CHP 14 Stress, Lifestyle, and Health

Uploaded by

jenniferchen0616
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 Health Psychology

investigates the
psychological factors
related to wellness and
illness, including the
prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of medical
problems
 Stress
› Stimulus-based definition: Characterize
stress as a stimulus that causes certain
reactions
› Response-based definition: describe
stress as a response to environmental
conditions
 Process of perceiving and responding to
events that threaten or challenge a person’s
wellbeing
 When encountering a
stressor, a person judges its
potential threat (primary
appraisal) and then
determines if effective
options are available to
manage the situation. Stress
is likely to result if a stressor
is perceived as extremely
threatening or threatening
with few or no effective
coping options available.
General Adaptation
Syndrome (GAS) a theory
that suggests that a
person’s response to a
stressor consists of the
following three stages
 Alarm and mobilization
stage
Become aware of the
presence of a stressor
 Resistance stage

Adaptation to fight the


stressor
 Exhaustion stage

Negative consequences
of the stress appear
 Chronic vs. Acute
 Traumatic Events
Events or situations in which a
person is exposed to actual or threatened death or serious
injury
 Life Changes
Events or situations that require us to make changes in
our ongoing lives and require time as we adjust to those
changes
 Background stressors (daily hassles)
Minor irritations of life that we all face time and time again
 Uplifts
Minor positive events that make one feel good
 Job Strain
Work situation in which a person experiences excessive job
demands and workload with little discretion or control
 Job Burnout
A condition where a person experience emotional exhaustion
and cynicism about one’s job
The Nature of Stressors: My
Stress is Your Pleasure
 The High Cost of Stress
› Psychophysiological disorders
(psychosomatic disorders)
 Actual medical problems that are influenced
by an interaction of psychological,
emotional, and physical difficulties

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Following Medical Advice
 Noncompliance
› Result of reactance
 Negative emotional and cognitive reaction
that results from the restriction of one’s
freedom
 Creative Nonadherence
› Adjusting a treatment prescribed by a
physician, relying on their own medical
judgment and experience
9
Following Medical Advice
 Increasing Compliance with Advice
› Provide clear instructions to patients
regarding drug regimens
› Honesty about nature of medical problems
and treatments
› Positively framed messages
 Change in behavior will lead to a gain
› Negatively framed messages
 Highlight what can be lost by not performing10
a behavior
Coping : The efforts to control, reduce,
or learn to tolerate the threats that
lead to stress
 Emotion-focused coping

Method of managing emotion in the


face of stress by seeking to change
the way they feel or perceive a
problem
 Problem-focused coping

Attempts to modify the stressful


problem or source of the stress
 A state when people conclude that
unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot
be controlled

 A view of the the world that becomes


so ingrained that they cease trying to
remedy the aversive circumstances
 Hardiness
Personality characteristic associated
with a lower rate of stress-related
illness consisting of three
components.
 Commitment
 Challenge
 Control
 Social support
A mutual network of caring,
 Turn threat into challenge
 Make a threatening situation less
threatening.
 Change your goals
 Take physical action
 Prepare for stress before it happens
 An enduring state of mind consisting of joy,
contentment, and other positive emotions, plus the
sense that one’s life has meaning and value
 People have a ”set point” for happiness that is
relatively high and remains stable.
 Characteristics of happy people
› High self-esteem
› Sense of control
› Optimism
› Sociable
Well-Being and Happiness
 Does Money Buy Happiness?
› Research shows that winning the lottery brings an
initial surge to one’s level of happiness, but then it
returns to its set point.

16
 Counting your blessings
 Cultivating optimism
 Avoiding overthinking and social
comparison
 Practicing acts of kindness
 Nurturing Relationships
 Doing more activities that truly
engage you
 Replaying and savoring life’s joys
 Committing to your goals
 Developing strategies for coping
 Learning to forgive
 Practicing religion and spirituality
 Taking care of your body

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