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ORGANIZATION OF MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY FOR THE ZONAL HOSPITAL

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Kismat Kshetri
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89 views

ORGANIZATION OF MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY FOR THE ZONAL HOSPITAL

Uploaded by

Kismat Kshetri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORGANIZATION OF

MICROBIOLOGY
LABORATORY FOR THE
ZONAL HOSPITAL KUSUM CHHETRI
LAXMI POUDEL
MANDEEP SHRESTHA
MUKESH KAMTI
MUNA NAGARKOTI
PURNIMA Thana
SHRISTI SHAHI
SUJIT DAS
SWAICHHAYA GAUTAM
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS AND
EQUIPMENTS
 AREA DISTRIBUTION
 PERMISSION FROM GOVERNMENT
 SAMPLE TYPE
 LIST OF TESTS
 QUALITY CONTROL BY WHO
 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Clinical microbiology plays an important role in
INTODUCTION TO CLINICAL
patient care by providing the cause of infection
MICROBIOLOGY
and antimicrobial susceptibility data to physicians
. It is laboratory devoted to the culturing ,
identification of organisms including bacteria,
virus, yeasts. It also has a crucial role in effective
infection prevention and control(IPC)
A high quality laboratory should include both
conventional microbiology methods and
molecular microbiology techniques for
exceptional performance. It should include
appropriate laboratory administration, a well
designed facility, laboratory procedure
standarization , a waste management system, a
proper code of practice, equipment installation
and laboratory personnel training.
AREA DISTRIBUTION

 Flexibility; lab requires flexible spaces and areas


for team work, interaction and creativity.
 Circulations design
 Escape routes
 Store room
 For running of sample the area should be well
ventilated and proper light passage area.
 Separate area for high and less infectious sample.
 Separate room for preparation of culture media.
 Biosafety cabinet should be in properly managed
area.
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

 Ground floor of the hospital where patient


can reach easily.
 A room or preferably isolated from the
winery.
 Source of water, electricity and gas.
 Vibration free benchtop for microscopy.
 Dust free cabinet for glasswares.
ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT
 Microscope, preferably with phase contrast
 Bunsen burner
 Incubator
 Inoculating loops
 Hot air oven
 Autoclave; for denaturation ofprotein
 Refrigerator ; to store reagent or preserve organisms
 Benchtop cenrifuge
 Glassware, pipettes, petri plates
 Top loading balance
 Waterbath for heating strilised agar prior to pouring
plates.
 Safety PPE (gloves, safety glasses and shoes, masks and
STAFF REQUIREMENT

 Supervisor qualified in Bsc/Msc in


microbiology.
 1/2 Basic trained or practical
experienced staff.
 If the laboratory includes opinions and
interpretations of test results in
reports ,, this should be done by
authorized personnel with suitable
experience.
PERMISSION FROM GOVERNMENT

 Permission from government is must for


establishing microbiology laboratory in
zonal hospital. The permission
certification required from government is
shown in the next slide
SAMPLE TYPE

 Blood culture
 Urine
 Stool
 Sputum , throat swab, nasal swab
 Sterile body fluids(pericardial, synovial,
intraocularfluid, peritoneal) culture
 Serum sample
LIST OF TESTS
1. Serological tests
 Rapid ASLO(Qualitative) [Anti Streptolysin O]
 Rapid CRP(Qualitative)
 Widal Test
 Rapid Salmonella Typhi:IgM
 Rapid PUO(Pyrexra at unknown origin) screening
(typhoid , Brucell and scrub)
 Rapid RPR for Syphilis (Rapid plasma reagin)
 Rapid Urine Pregnancy Test(UPT)
 Rapid HCRapid HIV
 Rapid HBsAg

2. CULTURE TEST
 Urine culture

 Stool culture/RE also

 Sputum

 Throat swab

 CSF

 Pleural fluid

 Sinovial fluid

 Pus culture

 Nasal swab

 Cervical/Vagina swab
3. STAINING
 Graim stain

 Ziehl Nelsen

 Leishman

 Methylene Blue

 Albert

 Giemsa staining

4. Hanging Drop
5. Immunology
 Mantoux test

 Rapid Malaria antigen test

6. PCR
QUALITY CONTROL

 Quality control; It is required to provide


accurate and reliable results in the
minium possible time, with negligible
error.
 Quality Assurance
Tests done in laboratory is granted 100%
result.
QUALITY CONTROL

Internal quality control External quality control


 Internal quality control- We check quality
of work internally in lab with known
sample which is divided into 3 parts:
I. Pre- analytical

II. Analytical

III. Post analytical

Pre analytical quality control


- Patient identification
- Labelling error
- Correct vial
- Correct volume
Analytical
- Right technique

- Right control

- Instrument

- Exact time

Post analytical
- Right reporting

- Right TAT ( Turn around Time)

- Report give to right patient

Total quality management


- Cost management

- Quality improvement
- Quality assurance

- Quality control
- Quality planning

-
CATEGORY OF WASTE

WASTE

Non hazardous Hazardous


(75-90)% (10-25)%

Infectious other hazards


(15-18)% (5-7)%

non sharps chemical waste


sharps discarded glass
plastic disposable viles
liquid waste
WASTE MANAGEMENT
A waste management system is a systematic
collection, sorting, storing, transporting and
disposal of waste produced by an organization.
During working in microbiology lab different types
of wastes are produced, which after used should be
disposable which may be chemical, biological,
physical and bioremediation.
K.Park gave a statement, “Let the waste of the sick
not contaminate the lives of the healthy”, clarifies
that the proper waste management of laboratories
plays a crucial role in improving public health as
well as the quality of the environment.
STEPS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Waste Seggregation
 Storage and transportation of waste
Waste shouldnot be stored for a more extended
period in the generation area. It should be
transported in a sealed container for treatment and
disposable.

Waste Treatment
1. Chemical treatment; It is applied to all types of
waste except body parts and fluids. Chemicals used
in disinfection are: bleach, sod.hypochlorite, chlorine
etc.
2. Microwave irradiation;It is effective for all except
large metals and body parts. The water of the waste
heats, which eliminates the infectious component.
3. Autoclaving; It is applied to sterilize dressings,
hloves syringes,specific instruments, discarded
4. Encapsulation;It is recommended for the
safe disposable of sharp objects. The
waste is collected in a puncture proof
container. After it becomes a three
quarter full motar, materal like cement,
plastic foam, or clay is poured. After it
gets dry it is disposed.
5. Incineration; It is applied only for most
hazardous waste that cannot be reused
or recycled or cant be disposed of at the
landfill site.
 Waste Disposable
1. Land filling; It is the oldest technology, but
still several low income countries rely on it.
Unfortunatetly, the problem of infiliteration
arises; as a result toxic, pathogenicmaterials
have access to soil and water resources.
Open dumps should be avoided due to
public health risks.
2. Sanitary landfills; Sand landfill with an anti-
seepage system has been developed to
overcome the harmful effects os a general
landfill. It is covered with clay, high density
polythene, a gas collection system and
output pipelines.
WHY THE LABORATORY IS NEEDED IN THE ZONAL
HOSPITAL?
 To upgrade and introduce new facility at
zonal hospital.
 To introduce new technology for specified
test that are not available at municipality
or district laboratories.
 To strength the overall capacity of health
laboratory services through supervision
and monitoring.
 It provdes high quality store of the art
diagnostic services with experience
microbiologist.
 Also during pandemic phase(corona
virus) PCR test was the must
confirmatory test which were done only
on zonal level laboratories.
 Zonal laboratory is able to diagnose PCR
test, infuenza and other viruses
respiratory syncytical, virus, Ebola virus
and etc.

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