ACTIVITY

Determine the values of the random variables

and construct the probability distribution of
the given situation below.

A basket contains 10 red balls and 4 white

balls. If three balls are taken from the basket
one after the other, determine the possible
values of the random variable R representing
the number of red balls. Construct the
probability distribution of the random variable
 Mean
Variance
a nd
Discrete
of
Random
Variable
 Content Performance
Standard Standard
The learner is able to
The learner apply an appropriate
demonstrates random variable for a
understanding of key given real-life problem
(such as in decision
concepts of random
making and games of
variables and chance).
probability
distributions.
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
M11/12SP-111b-1 M11/12SP-111b-3

01 The learner 03 The learner

illustrates the interprets the mean
mean and variance and variance of a
of a discrete discrete random
random variable.
M11/12SP-111b-2
variable.
M11/12SP-111b-4
02 The learner 04 The learner solves
calculates the problems involving
mean and mean and variance
variance of a of probability
discrete random distribution.
ACTIVITY
Identify the
following
statements
whether it is true
or false.
 1
Random variable
is a rule that
associates a
numerical value
to each element
in the sample
space.
TRU
2 The
probability
of getting a
king from a
deck of
cards is .
TRU
 3 The
probability of
a random
variable must
be greater
than 1.
FALSE
4 number
The
of possible
outcomes
when 2 dice
were thrown
are 36.
TRU
5 The
probability of
getting a
sum of 6
when we
throw 2 dice
is .
TRU
 Mean
Variance
a nd
Discrete
of
Random
Variable
Lesson 1: Mean or Expected Value of Discrete
Random Variable
The mean of a discrete random variable X is
also called the expected value of X. It is the
weighted average of all the values that the
random variable X would assume.
The expected value of X is the average of the
outcomes that is likely to be obtained if the
trials are repeated.

The expected value of X is denoted by 𝐸(𝑋).

Lesson 1: Mean or Expected Value of Discrete
Random Variable
The mean or expected value of a
discrete random variable X is
computed using the following formula:
 Example 1
Given the probability distribution of the
random variable X, compute its mean or
expected value.
X 0 1 2 3
P(x) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
Solutio
ns:
 Example 2
A researcher surveyed the households in
a small town. The random variable X
represents the number of college graduates in
the households. The probability distribution of
X is shown below:
X 0 1 2
P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.25

Compute for the average number of college

graduates in the households.
 Example 2
X 0 1 2
P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.25

Solutio
ns:

The mean value is 1. Meaning the average

number of college graduate in the household
of the small town is 1 college graduate
 Example 3
A security guard recorded the number of people
entering the bank every hour during one working day.
The random variable X represents the number of
people who entered the bank. The probability
distribution of X is shown below:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1
)
Compute for the average number of people entering
the bank every hour during that working day.
 Example 3
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1
Solutio )
ns:

Therefore, the average number of people

entering the bank every hour during that
working day is 3 people.
Lesson 2:
Variance and Standard Deviation of Discrete
Random Variable
The measure of variability or dispersion of a
random variable, considering its probability
distribution, is the variance of the random
variable.

The variance of a random variable is the expected

value of the square of the difference between the
assumed value of random variable and the mean.
 Variance and Standard Deviation of Discrete
Random Variable
The variance of a discrete random variable X is
computed using the following formula:

o
r
 Variance and standard deviation of discrete
random variable

random variable X is written as 𝜎. It is

The standard deviation of a discrete

the square root of the variance. The

standard deviation is computed as:
 Example 1
Determine the variance and the standard
deviation of the following probability mass
function.
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1
Solutio
First, compute for the mean or
ns:
expected value:
 Exampl X 0 1 2 3 4
e 1 P(x) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1
Then, compute for the variance using the
computed value of mean:

Using the alternative formula

 Exampl X 0 1 2 3 4
e 1 P(x) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1

Lastly, compute for the standard deviation by

getting the square root of the variance:
 Example 2

The following are the results of a study of the

number of defective oven toasters produced by a
certain company. Use the data and the
associated probabilities to compute the
expected number of defective oven toasters and
its variance.

X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x
0.08 0.16 0.28 0.27 a 0.06
)
 X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Example
P(x
2 0.08 0.16 0.28 0.27 0.15 0.06
)
Solutio
First,
ns: compute for the mean or
expected value:

Therefore, the average number defective

oven toasters produced by a certain company
is 2.43 ≈ 2 defective oven toasters.
 X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Example
P(x
2 0.08
Then, compute
) for0.16 0.28 0.27 using
the variance 0.15 0.06
the
computed value of mean:

Using the alternative formula

Every p r o bl e m h a s a
so l ut i o n . Y o u j u s t
have to be
creat i v e e n o ug h t o
—TRAVISit.
fi nd
KALANICK
 Example 1
The officers of the faculty club of a public high
school are planning to sell 160 tickets to be raffled
during the Christmas party. One ticket will win P3000.
The other tickets will win nothing. If you are a faculty
member of the school and you will buy one ticket, what
will be the expected value and variance of your gain?
Solutio
First, construct its probability distribution:
ns:

X 0 3000
P(x)
Exampl X 0 3000
e1 P(x)
Compute for the mean or
expected value:
 Exampl X 0 3000
e1 P(x)
Then, compute for the variance using the
computed value of mean:

Using the alternative formula

 Example 2
Matti tosses an unbiased coin. He
receives P50 if a head appears and he pays
P30 if a tail appears. Find the expected value
and variance of his gain.
Solutio
First,
ns: construct its probability distribution:

X -30 50
P(x)
 Exampl X -30 50
e2 P(x)
Compute for the mean or
expected value:
 Exampl X -30 50
e2 P(x)
Then, compute for the variance using the
computed value of mean:

Using the alternative formula

ACTIVITY
Directions: Answer the
following problems
completely
0
1
The random variable X represents
the number of taxi cabs a doctor
meets on his way to the hospital.
The probability distribution of X is
given in the following distribution
table. Find the expected value and
variance of X.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0
a
) 1 5 0 0 9
 0
2
A lottery will be conducted for the
benefit of the poor but deserving
students at a certain school. Four
hundred tickets will be sold. One
ticket will win P2000 and the other
tickets will win nothing. If you buy
one ticket, what will be the expected
value and variance of your gain.
Thanks
!