CONIC

SECTIONS:
HYPERBOLA
HYPERBOLA
- a set of points in a plane whose
difference of the distances from
two fixed points is a constant.
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA
WHEN THE TRANSVERSE
AXIS IS ALONG THE
X-AXIS
 Center – the midpoint of the
line segment between the
two foci. Center

Vertices – the two points

of intersection of the
hyperbola and the Vertices

transverse axis, .
Foci – the two fixed points, ,
whose difference of the
distances from a single point on
the hyperbola is a constant.
Transverse axis – the line
segment that contains the TRANSVERSE
AXIS
vertex and goes through
the center of the FOCI
hyperbola.
Endpoints of the Conjugate axis
– the line that is perpendicular to
the transverse axis and goes
through the center of the
hyperbola.
Conjugate Axis Endpoints of the
Conjugate Axis
Asymptotes of a
Hyperbola-
are lines such that
the distance
between the curve
and the line
approaches zero
as one or both of
the x or y
coordinates tends
to infinity. ASYMPTOTES
PARTS OF A HYPERBOLA
WHEN THE TRANSVERSE
AXIS IS ALONG THE
Y-AXIS
 Center

Vertice
s
Asymptotes
Foci

Endpoints of the
Conjugate Axis
The distance
from the
center to
each vertex
is a units
2a
The
transverse
axis is 2a
units long a
The distance from
the center to the
rectangle along the
conjugate axis is b
units

The length of 2b
the conjugate
axis is 2b units
b
The distance
from the center
to each focus is c
c units where
2 2 2
c a  b
(𝑏,0) (−𝑏,0)
Standard Equation of Hyperbola with
center at (0,0)

EQUATIONS VERTICES FOCI ENDPOINTS OF ASYMPTOTES OF THE

THE CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA
AXIS
=1 (a,0) (-a,0) (c,0) (-c,0) (0,b) (0, -b) y= ±
=1 (0,a) (0,-a) (0,c) (0,-c) (b,0) (-b, 0) y= ±
EXAMPLES:
1. Find the vertices, foci, length of the
conjugate axis, endpoints of the
conjugate axis, length of the transverse
axis and equation of the asymptotes.
Graph the hyperbola.
- =1
 - =1
The equation is in the form
=1.
We now follow the given table on slide 17 with
equation =1,
Therefore, by following the table
a2 =25 b2 = Vertices (a,0) (-a,0) = (5,0) (-5,0)
16 Endpoints of the conjugate axis (0,b) (0,-b) = (0,4) (0, -4)
= = Foci (c,0) (-c,0) = (5.83,0) (-5.83,0)
a= 5 Length of the transverse axis (2a) = 2(5) = 10 units
b= 4 Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(4) = 8 units
Equation of the Asymptotes y= ± → y= ±
We can compute the value of c by the
formula:
c=
c=
c= ≈ 5.83
EXAMPLES:
2. Find the vertices, foci, length of the
conjugate axis, endpoints of the
conjugate axis, length of the transverse
axis and equation of the asymptotes.
Graph the hyperbola.
- =1
 - =1
The equation is in the form
=1.
We now follow the given table on slide 17 with
equation =1,
Therefore, by following the table
a2 =9 b2 = Vertices (0,a) (0,-a) = (0,3) (0,-3)
49 Endpoints of the conjugate axis (b,0) (-b,0) = (7,0) (-7, 0)
= = Foci (0,c) (0,-c) = (0, 7.62) (0, -7.62)
a= 3 Length of the transverse axis (2a) = 2(3) = 6 units
b= 7 Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(7) = 14 units
Equation of the Asymptotes y= ± → y= ±
We can compute the value of c by the
formula:
c=
c=
c= ≈ 7.62
EXAMPLES:
3. Find the vertices, foci, length of the
conjugate axis, endpoints of the
conjugate axis, length of the transverse
axis and equation of the asymptotes.
Graph the hyperbola.
- =1
 - =1
The equation is in the form
=1.
We now follow the given table on slide 17 with
equation =1,
Therefore, by following the table
a2 =64 b2 = Vertices (0,a) (0,-a) = (0,8) (0,-8)
36 Endpoints of the conjugate axis (b,0) (-b,0) = (6,0) (-6, 0)
= = Foci (0,c) (0,-c) = (0, 10) (0, -10)
a= 8 Length of the transverse axis (2a) = 2(8) = 16 units
b= 6 Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(6) = 12 units
Equation of the Asymptotes y= ± → y= ± or y= ±
We can compute the value of c by the
formula:
c=
c=
c= ≈ 10
EXAMPLES:
4. Find the vertices, foci, length of the
conjugate axis, endpoints of the
conjugate axis, length of the transverse
axis and equation of the asymptotes.
Graph the hyperbola.
- =1
 - =1
The equation is in the form
=1.
We now follow the given table on slide 17 with
equation =1,
Therefore, by following the table
a2 =121 Vertices (a,0) (-a,0) = (11,0) (-11,0)
b2 = 49 Endpoints of the conjugate axis (0,b) (0,-b) = (0,7) (0, -7)
= = Foci (c,0) (-c,0) = (13.04,0) (-13.04,0)
a= 11 Length of the transverse axis (2a) = 2(11) = 22 units
b= 7 Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(7) = 14 units
Equation of the Asymptotes y= ± → y= ±
We can compute the value of c by the
formula:
c=
c=
c= ≈ 13.04
EXAMPLES:
1. Find the center, vertices, foci,
endpoints of the conjugate axis and
equation of the asymptotes. Graph the
hyperbola.
 2 2
( 𝑦 − 3) ( 𝑥 + 4)
− =1
4 16

The equation is in the form

=1.
We now follow the given table on slide 30 with
equation =1
Therefore, by following the table
C(-4,3) Vertices (h,k±a) = (-4, 3+2) & (-4, 3-2) = (-4,5) and (-4,1)
a2 =4 b2 = Endpoints of the conjugate axis (h±b,k) = (-4+4,3) & (-4-4,3)
16
= = = (0,3) & (-8,3)
a= 2 Foci (h,k±c) = (-4, 3+ 4.47) & (-4, 3- 4.47) = (-4, 7.47) & (-4, -1.47)
b= 4 Length of the transverse axis (2a) = 2(2) = 4 units
Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(8) = 16 units
We can compute the value of c by the Equation of the Asymptotes (y-k) = ±
formula:
c= (y-3) = ± (x+4)
c=
c= ≈ 4.47
EXAMPLES:
2.Find the center, the vertices of
the transverse axis, the foci and
the equations of the asymptotes
using the following equation of a
hyperbola.
 2 2
𝑦 − 4 𝑥 − 72 𝑥 +10 𝑦 − 399=0
Note: For us to easily find or solve the First is to combine similar terms
values being asked in example number
2, we need to convert first the given Second is to perform completing
equation to its standard form. The the square
equation of an ellipse is always equated
to 1, thus we need to make the right Note that the numbers you
side of the equation equal to 1. added on the left side of the
equation should also be added
y2 – 4x2 – 72x + 10y -399 =0 to the right side of the equation.
(y2 + 10y + ___) – (4x2 -72x + ___) = 399 +__ + __ -324 was obtained by getting
the product of -4 and 81. We
(y2 + 10y+ 25) – 4(x2 +18x +81) = 399 + 25 -324 need to multiply 81 to the value
outside the parenthesis.
(y+5)2 – 4(x+9)2 = 100
Simplify the terms and perform
- = also the factoring method
Note that the right side of the equation
- =1 should be equal to 1, thus we divide all the
terms in the equation by 100
 2 2
𝑦 − 4 𝑥 − 72 𝑥 +10 𝑦 − 399=0
Since the standard form of the
given equation is - = 1
We now solve for the following

C( -9, -5)
a2 =100 b2 = 25 Vertices (h,k±a) = (-9, -5+10)
& (-9, -5-10) = (-9,5) and (-9, -15)
= = Endpoints of the conjugate axis (h±b,k) = (-9+5,-5) & (-
9-5,-5)
a= 10 b= 5
= (-4,-5) & (-14, -5)
We can compute the value of c Foci (h,k±c) = (-9, -5+ 11.18) & (-9, -5-11.18)
by the formula: =(-9, 6.18) & (-9, -
16.18)
c= Length of the transverse axis (2a) =
2(10) = 20 units
c= Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(5) = 10
units
c=5 ≈ 11.18
EXAMPLES:
3. Find the coordinates of the
center, foci, and vertices, and
the equations of the
asymptotes for the graph of :
4x – y +24x +4y -28 =0,
2 2

then graph the hyperbola

 4 x 2 – y 2 +24 x +4 y −28 =0
Note: For us to easily find or solve the First is to combine similar terms
values being asked in example number
2, we need to convert first the given Second is to perform completing the
equation to its standard form. The square. 6x was obtained since we factored
equation of an ellipse is always equated out 4, -4y was obtained because we
to 1, thus we need to make the right factored out the negative sign.
side of the equation equal to 1.
Note that the numbers you added on the
4x2 – y2 + 24x + 4y -28 =0 left side of the equation should also be
4(x2 + 24x + ___) – (y2 - 4y + ___) = 28+__ + __ added to the right side of the equation.
36 was obtained by getting the product of
4(x2 + 6x + 9) – (y2 - 4y + 4) = 28+36+ -4 4and 9. -4 was obtained by multiplying the
negative sign or -1 to 4.
4(x+3)2 – (y-2)2 = 60
Simplify the terms and perform
- = also the factoring method
Note that the right side of the equation
- =1 should be equal to 1, thus we divide all the
terms in the equation by 60.
 4 x 2 – y 2 +24 x +4 y −28 =0
Since the standard form of the
given equation is - = 1
We now solve for the following

C( -3, 2)
a2 =15 b2 = 60 Vertices (h±a,k) = (-3+3.87, 2) & (-3-
3.87,2)
= = = (0.87,2) and (-6.87,2)
a= 3.87 b= 7.75 Endpoints of the conjugate axis (h, k±b) = (-3,
2+7.75) & (-3,2-7.75)

= (-3, 9.75) & (-3, -5.75)

We can compute the value of c Foci (h±c,k) = (-3+8.66, 2) & (-3-8.66, 2)
by the formula: =(5.66, 2) & (-
11.66, 2)
c= Length of the transverse axis (2a) =
2(3.87) = 7.74 units
c= Length of the conjugate axis (2b)= 2(7.75) =
15.5 units
SUMMARY
Vertices and foci are always on the transverse
axis
Distance from the center to each vertex is a
units
Distance from center to each focus is c units
where (c2 = a2 +b2)
If x term is positive, hyperbola opens left & right
If y term is positive, hyperbola opens up & down
a2 is always the positive denominator