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Basic Computer

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Amit Gupta
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6 views

Basic Computer

Uploaded by

Amit Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer

Hardware and
Software.
PC Components
Components of a PC:
• Circuit board – also known as the
motherboard that holds the CPU,
memory, and storage components
• CPU (central processing unit) – carries
out the commands sent to it by the
software and returns results
– Faster is better
• Memory – temporary working area
called random-access memory (RAM)
– Applications are loaded into RAM
to run faster
– When computer is powered off,
the RAM is cleared
– Bigger is better
Hardware-CPU
RAM

CPU and Water Block


Radiator and Cooling Fans

Motherboard Removable Media

Hard Disk and


Sound Card
Solid State Drives
Graphics Card

Power Supply Case with Wiring


Types of Wiring
• Wire Type – Port Type – Connected Event
o CAT5 – Ethernet Port – Network/Internet to Computer
o Serial ATA – SATA Port – Motherboard to Disk Drives
o USB Cable – USB Port – Peripherals to Computer
o HDMI – HDMI Port – High quality graphic displays (Monitors)
to Computer
Software

• Computer Software
includes the programs
that are installed.. Or
the instructions for
completing tasks.
Input Devices
– Input Devices:
devices that input
information into the
computer such as a
keyboard, mouse,
scanner, and digital
camera.
Output Devices
– Output: devices that
output information
from the computer
such as a printer and
monitor.
Central Processing Unit
– CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the
Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.
– Processor speed: The speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually
measured in megahertz (MHz).
– Brands of Processors include:
• Pentium
• Celeron
• MAC
• AMD
• Cyrix
Central Processing Unit
– Computer chip: also called the
microprocessor may contain an
entire processing unit.
– Computer chips contain millions
of transistors. They are small
pieces of semi-conducting
material (silicon).
– An integrated circuit is
embedded in the silicon.
Computers are made of many
chips on a circuit board.
Data Storage Devices
– The hard-drive is a mechanical
storage device typically located
internally.
• Fast recording and recovery of
data
• Large storage capacity
• Magnetic
• Primary storage device for data
and programs
• Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
(Revolutions per minute)
Data Storage Devices (cont’d)
• Floppy diskette is magnetic storage
device for small amounts of data
(1.44MB).

CD-ROM (compact disk read only


memory)

• FLASH drive is a compact and portable


electronic storage device.
– USB (plug and play) supported
Computer Memory
– RAM (random access
memory) stores data that is
processing. This type of
memory is erased when the
computer is turned off.
– ROM (read only memory)
contains special instructions
for the computer to operate.
– Cache memory increases the
speed of the processor by
recording and anticipating
instructions.
Graphic User Interface (GUI)
– GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of
images and icons seen on the desktop
used to operate a program.
• The GUI makes the programs loaded on
the computer easier to access and use.
Basic Windows GUI
• Icons are small pictures that represent
files, commands, or windows.
• Windows is a GUI operating system.
Video Cards
– Video cards plug into the
motherboard and are used
to display video.
– VRAM is video memory
that enhances the
refreshment rate of the
image.
– Video cards have chipsets
that can increase the speed
of video display.
Ports and Peripherals
 Ports are an interface between the computer and another
peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem,
monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
LAN and WAN
– LAN: are networks usually in
the same company or
building. The Local Area
Network is connected via
telephone lines or radio
waves. Most LANs connect
workstations.
– WAN: are systems of LANs
that are connected. (Wide-
area network)
Bandwidth and Baud Rate
– Bandwidth is how much
information can be
carried in a given time
period (usually a second)
over a wired or wireless
communications link.
– Baud rate is the rate at
which information is
transferred in a
communication channel.
Multitasking and Multiprocessing
– Multitasking is the ability to
execute more than one task
(program) at the same time.
Only one CPU is used but
switches from one program
to another.
– In multiprocessing, more
than one CPU is used to
complete a task. Example:
network rendering.
Multimedia
– Multimedia software
programs include sound,
pictures, video, text, and
hypertext to create
presentations.
Software includes:
PowerPoint
Macromedia Director
FLASH
Resolution
– Screen resolution is measured in pixel per inch (ppi),
and printer resolution is measured in dots per inch
(dpi).
– Computer screen resolution is approximately 72 ppi.

Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display


640 x 480 Low Resolution
800 x 600 Medium Resolution
1600 x 1200 High Resolution
Resolution
– Resolution refers to the
number of pixels (picture
elements) in the monitor
image.
– Increased resolution uses
more computer resources
but increases the visual
clarity of the display.
Computer Memory
– Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
– The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
– A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
– Typical units of measurement:
• 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
• 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
• 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes
1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
How to start a
computer
Insert the UPS plug into the
socket and turn on the main
power supply.
Switch ON the CPU.
Turn on the monitor and watch
the screen carefully.
After a few seconds of that, you
will see the main page.
Go to the Start button and click it
from the mouse.
You will see a menu like this.
Click Shut Down.
How to shut down a computer

Click on the 'Start' button


Click on the 'Shut down' button
Wait for the screen to turn blank
Switch off the monitor.
Switch off the electricity
How can I make my computer fast?
• RAM (Random-access Memory)
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)

SPEED
Wired and Wireless Connectivity
• Wired devices have limited mobility because
they must be directly connected via a wire to
the network (either a closed network or the
internet)
• Wireless devices have portable connectivity
when paired with services like 3G/4G or Wi-fi

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